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Jovito VDC, Lima JMD, Rangel MDL, Gondim BLC, Nogueira PL, Medeiros ACDD, Sobral MV, Castro RDD, Castellano LRC. Anticandida and antibiofilm activities of extract from Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. against Candida spp. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e016. [PMID: 38477802 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic nature of infections caused by Candida spp. underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Extracts of Schinopsis brasilienses Engl are \ a promising source of agents with antifungal effects. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of the leaf extract of S. brasilienses. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and fungicide concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was assessed by counting colony-forming units/mL. The study examined the inhibition kinetics of fungal growth and potential synergism between gallic acid or the extract and nystatin using the Checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay. The extract exhibited antifungal effect against all tested strains, with MIC and MFC ranging from 31.25-250 μg/mL. Gallic acid, the main isolated compound, displayed a MIC of 2000 μg/mL. The extract of S. brasilienses at 31.25 μg/mL inhibited the formation of biofilm by C. albicans and significantly reduced the mass of mature biofilm after 24 and 48 h (p < 0. 05). At a concentration of 125 μg/mL, the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth after 6 hours. The combination of gallic acid or extract with nystatin did not exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the extract did not induce cytotoxicity to a human cell line. The extract of S. brasiliensis demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida, generally exhibiting fungicidal action and capacity to inhibit biofilm formation as well as reduce mature biofilms. Additionally, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Carvalho Jovito
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Departament of Clinical and Social Dentistry, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Muniz de Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Departament of Clinical and Social Dentistry, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Marianne de Lucena Rangel
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Departament of Clinical and Social Dentistry, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Lima Nogueira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Departament of Clinical and Social Dentistry, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | | | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Departament of Clinical and Social Dentistry, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Roberto Cançado Castellano
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Departament of Clinical and Social Dentistry, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
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Nam Y, Kim M, Erdenebileg S, Cha KH, Ryu DH, Kim HY, Lee SH, Jung JH, Nho CW. Sanguisorba officinalis L. Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Gut Microbiota in CDAHFD-Induced Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3779. [PMID: 37686810 PMCID: PMC10490207 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases and encompasses non-alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SO) roots have traditionally been used for their antioxidant properties and have beneficial effects on metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity. However, its effects on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of a 95% ethanolic SO extract (SOEE) on NAFLD and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. The SOEE was orally administered to C57BL/6J mice fed a choline-deficient, L-amino-acid-defined, high-fat diet for 10 weeks. The SOEE inhibited hepatic steatosis by modulating hepatic malondialdehyde levels and the expression of oxidative stress-associated genes, regulating fatty-acid-oxidation-related genes, and inhibiting the expression of genes that are responsible for fibrosis. The SOEE suppressed the deposition of extracellular matrix hydroxyproline and mRNA expression of fibrosis-associated genes. The SOEE decreased the expression of fibrosis-related genes in vitro by inhibiting SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the SOEE restored the gut microbial diversity and modulated specific bacterial genera associated with NAFLD and fibrosis. This study suggests that SOEE might be the potential candidate for inhibiting hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by modulating oxidative stress, fatty acid oxidation, and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseong Nam
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Saruul Erdenebileg
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Ho Youn Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Su Hyeon Lee
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
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Salas-Arias K, Irías-Mata A, Sánchez-Kopper A, Hernández-Moncada R, Salas-Morgan B, Villalta-Romero F, Calvo-Castro LA. Strawberry Fragaria x ananassa cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041865. [PMID: 36838852 PMCID: PMC9966301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Berry fruits are an important dietary source of health-promoting antioxidant polyphenols. Interestingly, berry leaves of diverse species, including strawberries, have shown higher bioactive phytochemical content in the leaves than in the fruit. Moreover, the vegetative part of the plants is usually discarded, representing a presumably large source of underutilized bioactive biomass. In this investigation, the polyphenol profiles of tropical highland strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Festival) leaves and fruits were compared by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The total polyphenol strawberry leaf extracts exhibited a 122-fold-higher total polyphenol content and 13-fold higher antioxidant activity (ORAC) than strawberry fruits, and they showed evidence of possible photoprotective effects against UV damage in human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) and in murine embryo fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), together with promising anti-proliferative activities against the same melanoma cells. Seven polyphenols were confirmed by HPLC-DAD in the leaf extracts, with differences depending on fraction solubility. Moreover, three substituted quercetin derivatives, three substituted kaempferol derivatives, two anthocyanins, and catechin were confirmed in the soluble fraction by HPLC-MS. Given their higher total polyphenol content and bioactive activities, underutilized strawberry Festival leaves are a potential source of apparently abundant biomass with prospective bioactive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Salas-Arias
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales Para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Andrea Irías-Mata
- Centro de Investigación en Granos y Semillas, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José P.O. Box 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Kopper
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos, Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Ricardo Hernández-Moncada
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Bridget Salas-Morgan
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Fabián Villalta-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +506-2550-9411
| | - Laura A. Calvo-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
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Self-Emulsifying Micellization of Crude Extracts from Apple (Malus domestica cv. Anna), Plum ( Prunus domestica cv. Satsuma), and Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) Fruits. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031297. [PMID: 36770962 PMCID: PMC9921913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Micellar microemulsions are thermodynamically stable self-emulsifying systems that have been used to successfully improve the low oral bioavailability of several bioactive phytochemicals, such as antioxidant polyphenols. However, most studies have reported the micellization of single-compounds or purified chemical fractions; thus, the stability, phytochemical-loading efficiency, and bioactivity of complex crude extracts remain largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the effects of micellar emulsification of tropical apple (Malus domestica cv. Anna), plum (Prunus domestica cv. Satsuma), and guava (Psidium guajava L.) extracts regarding particle size and stability, polyphenol-loading efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxic activity in human and murine cells. Simple food-grade extraction protocols were implemented to obtain apple, plum, and guava extracts. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (DPPH) were determined in the fruit extracts, and their polyphenol profile was further characterized by liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). The dried extracts were mixed into a food-grade, self-emulsifying system, and their cytotoxicity in human and murine cell lines was compared. Our research showed that complex fruit matrixes were successfully emulsified into thermodynamically stable polysorbate-based nanometric micelles with uniform size distribution and consistent pH stability, with potential applications in food and biomedical industries.
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A Concise Profile of Gallic Acid-From Its Natural Sources through Biological Properties and Chemical Methods of Determination. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031186. [PMID: 36770851 PMCID: PMC9919014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature is a valuable source of anti-oxidants that have a health-promoting effect by inhibiting various undesirable changes leading to cell degradation and, consequently, potential disease ailments. One of them is gallic acid which has been used as a healing agent since ancient times. Currently, due to various beneficial properties, this compound is considered to be one of the main phenolic acids of great importance in numerous industries. It is commonly used as a substance protecting against the harmful effects of UV radiation, an astringent in cosmetic preparations, and a preservative in food products. Therefore, gallic acid is now deemed essential for both human health and industry. Increasingly better methods of its isolation and analysis are being developed, and new solutions are being sought to increase its production. This review, presenting a concise characterization of gallic acid, updates the knowledge about its various biological activities and methods used for its isolation and determination, including chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods.
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Barreto Linhares LPM, Pereira BVN, Dantas MKG, Bezerra WMDS, Viana-Marques DDA, de Lima LRA, Sette-de-Souza PH. Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler-Phytochemical Properties, Biological Activities, and Ethnomedicinal Use: A Scoping Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081028. [PMID: 36015176 PMCID: PMC9414610 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil has the most incredible biodiversity globally and has a vast storehouse of molecules to be discovered. However, there are no pharmacological and phytochemical studies on most native plants. Parts of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler, a tree from the Anacardiaceae family, are used by several traditional communities to treat injuries and health problems. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the pharmacological information about S. brasiliensis, from ethnobotanical to phytochemical and biological studies. Data collection concerning the geographical distribution of S. brasiliensis specimens was achieved through the Reflora Virtual Herbarium. The study’s protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategy used the keyword “Schinopsis brasiliensis” in the databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciFinder, and SciELO. Rayyan was used for the selection of eligible studies. In total, 35 studies were included in the paper. The most recurrent therapeutic indications were for general pain, flu and inflammation. The bark was the most studied part of the plant. The most used preparation method was decoction and infusion, followed by syrup. Phytochemical investigations indicate the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and polyphenols. Most of the substances were found in the plant’s leaf and bark. Important biological activities were reported, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. S. brasiliensis is used mainly by communities in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil to treat several diseases. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies together provide scientific support for the popular knowledge of the medicinal use of S. brasiliensis. In vitro and in vivo analyses reported antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cytotoxic, photoprotective, preservative, molluscicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal effects. It is essential to highlight the need for future studies that elucidate the mechanisms of action of these phytocompounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Vanessa Nunes Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental, Universidade de Pernambuco–Garanhuns, Recife 55294-902, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela de Araújo Viana-Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental, Universidade de Pernambuco–Garanhuns, Recife 55294-902, Brazil
| | - Luiza Rayanna Amorim de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental, Universidade de Pernambuco–Garanhuns, Recife 55294-902, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental, Universidade de Pernambuco–Garanhuns, Recife 55294-902, Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco–Arcoverde, Recife 56503-146, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-87-3822-1051
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Moreira BO, Vilar VLS, de Almeida RNS, Morbeck LLB, Andrade BS, Barros RGM, Neves BM, de Carvalho AL, Cruz MP, Yatsuda R, David JM. New dimer and trimer of chalcone derivatives from anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive extracts of Schinopsis brasiliensis roots. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115089. [PMID: 35143935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. is an endemic tree of the Brazilian semi-arid regions belonging to the Anacardiaceae family. It is the main representative of the genus Schinopsis, mostly native to Brazil and popularly known as "braúna" or "baraúna". Different parts of this plant are employed in Brazilian folk medicines to treat inflammation in general, sexual impotence, cough, and influenza. AIM OF THE STUDY This work describes the antinociceptive (acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced nociception) and anti-inflammatory (paw edema and neutrophil migration) activities of the extract of the root of S. brasiliensis. Besides, the evaluation of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant, antimicrobial (including MRSA bacteria), and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were also determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS The pure compounds were isolated by different chromatographic techniques and their chemical structures have been unambiguously elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D (1H, 13C, DEPT, and NOEdiff) and 2D (HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR experiments, MS data, and comparison with the literature data of similar compounds. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by acid acetic writhing test, formalin paw edema, and by the investigation of neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavities of mice. For antimicrobial evaluation were determined MIC and MBC, antioxidant activities were obtained by TPC and DPPH tests, and AChE inhibition by Elmann's methodology. RESULTS The extracts showed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and two unusual new compounds, a cyclobutanyl chalcone trimer (schinopsone A) and a cyclohexene-containing chalcone dimer (schinopsone B), with six known compounds were isolated from the active extracts. Additionally, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity for isolated compounds was reported for the first time in this study. Molecular docking studies indicated that the isolated compounds are responsible for the interaction with anti-inflammatory targets (COX 1 and 2 and LOX) with variable binding affinities, indicating a possible mechanism of action of these compounds. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate for the first time the correlation between the anti-inflammatory activity different enriched polyphenol-organic soluble fractions of S. brasiliensis, and it contributes to the understanding of the anti-inflammatory potential of S. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Oliveira Moreira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lima Souza Vilar
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Concórdia, 89703-720, Concórdia, SC, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Lôbo Brito Morbeck
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Jequié, 45200-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gomes Moreno Barros
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Breno Magalhães Neves
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Anaildes Lago de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45083-900, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Mariluze Peixoto Cruz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Tablet of Spondias mombin L. Developed from Nebulized Extract Prevents Gastric Ulcers in Mice via Cytoprotective and Antisecretory Effects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061581. [PMID: 33809398 PMCID: PMC8001497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) has a worldwide distribution and is present in all regions of Brazil. Its leaves, flowers and bark are used as teas in folk medicine to treat diseases of the digestive system. This study aimed to evaluate the acute non-clinical toxicity, gastroprotective activity, and the related mechanisms of action of nebulized extract and tablets based on dried Spondias mombin (SmNE). SmNE screening showed the presence of flavonoids (0.65%), polyphenols (25.50%), where the major compound is gallic acid. In the acute oral toxicity assay, a dose of 2000 mg/kg of SmNE administered orally in Swiss mice did not induce any behavioral changes. SmNE (250 or 500 mg/kg p.o) significantly reduced the ulcerative lesion area when compared to the control group in ethanol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) models. Results showed that treatment with SmNE (250 mg/kg) reduced acid secretion and gastric content, accompanied with an increase in pH. Previous administration of indomethacin and glibenclamide reversed the protection provided by SmNE, confirming the participation of prostaglandins (PGs) and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) in its gastroprotective effect. The SmNE tablets met the pharmacopeial quality requirements with gastroprotective activity and similar protection in comparison to the isolated extract administrated. In conclusion, SmNe has a gastroprotective activity related to cytoprotective mechanisms, such as the participation of endogenous prostaglandins and KATP channels, having an anti-secretory effect with systemic action. The formulation obtained presented gastroprotective effects similar to the administration of the extract, the tablets showed favorable compression characteristics by the direct route and met the pharmacopeial quality requirements.
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Roy M, Dutta TK. Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Bioactive Properties in Mangrove Associate Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. of Indian Sundarbans. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:584019. [PMID: 33790782 PMCID: PMC8006309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.584019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. (Amaranthaceae), a mangrove associate and ethno-medicinal herb of Indian Sundarbans, was investigated as a promising source of bioactive compounds. Various polar and nonpolar solvent extracts of the leaf and root-shoot parts of the plant exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, allelopathic, mosquitocidal, antihaemolytic and antidiuretic potential. Moreover, to meet pharmacological requirements, the antioxidant ability of the plant was validated by both chemical and biological analyses. Extraction yield and presence of different phytochemicals like phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were compared in various solvent-extracted fractions. Principle component analysis revealed that the antioxidant property present in different extracts maintained a positive correlation with the occurrence of polyphenols (phenolics, tannins and flavonoids). Biochemical evaluation, HPLC examination and GC–MS analysis showed a differential level of the presence of various phytochemicals in different solvent extracts. In contrast to mosquitocidal, antioxidant, antihaemolytic and phytotoxic properties which were observed to be dominant in polar solvent extracts, maximum antibacterial potency was detected in nonpolar n-hexane fractions. Overall, the plant extract is nontoxic in nature and a dose amounting to 3,000 mg/kg was well tolerated by Swiss albino mice. A combination of HPLC and GC–MS analyses showed the presence of a large number of structurally diverse phytochemicals, many of which had already been reported as insecticidal, mosquitocidal, antibacterial, herbicidal, antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-haemolytic compounds. All these findings support that the least explored traditional edible medicinal mangrove associate S.monoica is enriched with multiple bioactive molecules and may be considered as one of the richest sources of various lead molecules of pharmaceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Development of Microemulsions Containing Glochidion wallichianum Leaf Extract and Potential for Transdermal and Topical Skin Delivery of Gallic Acid. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glochidion wallichianum (GW) is a good source of antioxidants, including gallic acid, promoting its development as a microemulsion. We constructed five pseudo-ternary phase diagrams comprising isopropyl myristate (IPM), water, and surfactant mixture (Smix)—i.e., Labrasol®:HCO-40® (1:1) with Transcutol® (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), and Tween80:Span80 (3:2) with Transcutol® or propylene glycol:ethanol (1:1). Additionally, blank and GW extract-loaded microemulsions were prepared at an IPM:Water:Smix ratio of 10:30:60 (high water content) and 30:10:60 (high oil content) from each Smix. The physical characteristics, skin permeation, and disposition were evaluated. The formulations with high water content and conductivities provided higher gallic acid permeation and disposition than those with high oil content. The Smix of Labrasol®:HCO-40® (1:1) and Transcutol® (1:1) promoted the highest gallic acid permeation (enhancement ratio 1.78 ± 0.12) and was suitable for transdermal delivery. However, the 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose control gel, the microemulsion with Smix of Labrasol®:HCO-40® (1:1) with Transcutol® (2:1), and Smix of Tween80:Span80 (3:2) with propylene glycol:ethanol (1:1) could provide higher skin accumulation of gallic acid than that with other formulations. The microstructures, ratio of surfactant:cosurfactant, and compositions of microemulsions were found to affect the skin permeation and disposition of gallic acid and require optimization to act as transdermal or topical delivery carriers.
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Biomedical Application of a Herbal Product Based on Two Asteraceae Species. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Species belonging to the Asteraceae family have been widely studied for their healing properties. The paper introduces STOMAPET (patent pending A2016/00888/23.11.2016) based on Eupatorium cannabinum (hemp-agrimony) and Inula helenium (elecampagne) and its potential application in diseases of the oral system. Methods: STOMAPET was prepared according to the patent application and HPLC analysis was performed for chemical analysis. In vitro studies were performed using human monocytes and the cells’ viability was determined by MTS assay. In vivo studies involved lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine endotoxemia and veterinary clinical case reports. Results: HPLC analysis revealed various phenolic compounds and alantolactone. In in vitro studies, monocytes viability remained stable, around and above 100% at all concentrations (7.8 to 250 µg/mL), and a high stimulatory effect on cell proliferation was noted. In LPS-induced murine endotoxemia, STOMAPET prevents mortality, improves the decrease in body mass, and prevents the drop in temperature. Case reports of companion animals with oral diseases ameliorated after STOMAPET treatment are presented. Conclusions: Preclinical studies confirmed the safety of STOMAPET and its pharmacological potential. The results of the veterinary case reports are also encouraging. More studies are needed to find the precise mechanism of action in correlation to chemical composition.
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Hayes PE, Glennon JD, Luong JHT. Electroanalysis of Gallic and Ellagic Acids at a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode Coupled with High‐performance Liquid Chromatography. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis E. Hayes
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), School of Chemistry and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF) University College Cork College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - Jeremy D. Glennon
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), School of Chemistry and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF) University College Cork College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - John H. T. Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), School of Chemistry and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF) University College Cork College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
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Sette-de-Souza PH, de Santana CP, Amaral-Machado L, Duarte MCT, de Medeiros FD, Veras G, de Medeiros ACD. Antimicrobial Activity of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler Extract-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles in Oral Infectious Disease. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:246. [PMID: 32856115 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis infections represent a health concern, mainly in oral diseases, in which treatments with chlorhexidine solution (0.2%) are often used; however, it presents high toxicity degree and several side effects. Based on this, the use of natural products as an alternative to treatment has been explored. Nonetheless, plant extracts have poor organoleptic characteristics that impair theirs in natura use. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the analytical profile, biological activity, and cytotoxicity in vitro of S. brasiliensis-loaded chitosan microparticles (CMSb) produced using different aspersion flow rates. The analytical fingerprint was obtained by FTIR and NIR spectra. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to verify the similarity between the samples. The crystallinity degree was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Phytochemical screening (PS) was performed to quantify phytocompounds. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Antibiofilm activity and bactericidal kinetics against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and MB 146-clinical isolated) were also assessed. The hemolytic potential was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Data provided by FTIR, NIR, and PCA analyses revealed chemical similarity between all CMSb. Furthermore, the results from XRD analysis showed that the obtained CMSb present amorphous characteristic. Tannins and polyphenols were accurately quantified by the PS, but methodology limitations did not allow the flavonoid quantification. The low hemolytic potential assay indicates that all samples are safe. Antimicrobial assays revealed that CMSb were able to inhibit not only the E. faecalis ATCC growth but also the biofilm formation. Only one CMSb sample was able to inhibit the clinical strain. These results highlighted the CMSb antimicrobial potential and revealed this system as a promising product to treat infections caused by E. faecalis.
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Polymeric Nanoparticle Associated with Ceftriaxone and Extract of Schinopsis Brasiliensis Engler against Multiresistant Enterobacteria. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080695. [PMID: 32718016 PMCID: PMC7463453 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance has become an important public health problem. Bacteria have been acquiring mechanisms to resist the action of antimicrobial active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Based on this, a promising alternative is the use of nanotechnology, since when the systems are presented in nanometric size, there is an increase in the interaction and concentration of the action at the target site improving the activity. Thus, this study aims to develop a polymeric nanoparticle (PN) composed of chitosan and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, as an innovative strategy for the administration of an association between ceftriaxone and extract of S. brasiliensis, for the treatment of Enterobacteriaceae. From a Box-Behnken design, nanoparticles were obtained and evaluated using the DLS technique, obtaining the particle size between 440 and 1660 nm, IPD from 0.42 to 0.92, and positive charges. Morphological characteristics of PN by SEM revealed spherical morphology and sizes similar to DLS. Infrared spectroscopy showed no chemical interaction between the components of the formulation. The broth microdilution technique evaluated their antimicrobial activity, and a considerable improvement in the activity of the extract and the API compared to the free compounds was found, reaching an improvement of 133 times in the minimum inhibitory activity CRO.
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Yang T, Zhang Q, Chen T, Wu W, Tang X, Wang G, Feng J, Zhang W. Facile potentiometric sensing of gallic acid in edible plants based on molecularly imprinted polymer. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2622-2628. [PMID: 32691443 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become a valuable material in the field of electrochemical sensors, due to their selective recognition capabilities towards target molecules. A low-cost potentiometric sensor based on molecular imprinting was developed for the measurement of gallic acid (GA) in edible plants. The imprinted polymer was synthesized by bulk polymerization in the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate as the cross-linker and 2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The sensing component of the sensor was fabricated by the incorporation of MIPs in a polyvinyl chloride matrix. The species and amount of MIPs were optimized, and the imprinted poly(methacrylic acid) sensor was examined and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and potential response. The proposed sensor exhibited a fast near-Nernst response to GA in the range of 1 × 10-5 to 3.2 × 10-4 mol/L. The potentiometric measurement of GA in edible plants was checked by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the two test results showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The imprinted sensor is applicable to the electrochemical determination of GA in edible plants. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The proposed MIP-based potentiometric sensor provided a low-cost, efficient, and green tool for the rapid determination of the bioactive ingredient GA in edible plants. The knowledge obtained will offer useful reference to the quality control and bioactive assessment of botanical food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 109 Huancheng Road, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 109 Huancheng Road, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Tiane Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 109 Huancheng Road, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 109 Huancheng Road, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 109 Huancheng Road, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 109 Huancheng Road, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 13 Wuhe Road, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 109 Huancheng Road, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
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SETTE-DE-SOUZA PEDROHENRIQUE, SANTANA CLEILDOPDE, SOUSA ILZAMARIAO, FOGLIO MARYANN, MEDEIROS FRANCINALVADDE, MEDEIROS ANACLÁUDIADDE. Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. to combat the biofilm-dependents diseases in vitro. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200408. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MARY ANN FOGLIO
- Universidade de Campinas, Brazil; Universidade de Campinas, Brazil
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Chang HC, Liu KF, Teng CJ, Lai SC, Yang SE, Ching H, Wu CR. Sophora Tomentosa Extract Prevents MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism in C57BL/6 Mice Via the Inhibition of GSK-3β Phosphorylation and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020252. [PMID: 30678114 PMCID: PMC6412387 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sophora species are used as dietary medicines in aging-associated symptoms. Sophora tomentosa L. (ST) is a native medicinal plant in Southeast Asia; however, there is no pharmacological literature about ST extract. The present study evaluates the antioxidant phytoconstituent contents and radical scavenging capacities of ST extract. The further investigation was to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism of ST extract against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism by assaying the activities of the dopaminergic system and antioxidant defenses, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3-β) phosphorylation, and α-synuclein levels in C57BL/6 mice. The results show that ST extract alleviated the motor deficits in MPTP-induced Parkinsonism with four behavioral tests, including a rearing locomotor, catalepsy test, balance beam walking test, and pole test. ST extract reversed the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in substantia nigra (SN) that had decreased by MPTP. ST extract also restored the decreased levels of dopamine and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum. Furthermore, ST extract restored the levels of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in mouse striatum. ST extract also decreased α-synuclein overexpression and GSK-3β phosphorylation in mouse striatum. In vitro, ST extract exerted higher 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities through its higher phenolic contents, especially protocatechuic acid and epicatechin. These results suggest that ST extract has the potential to counteract MPTP-induced motor deficit. The neuroprotective mechanism of ST extract against MPTP-induced Parkinsonism might be related to decreasing GSK-3β phosphorylation and restoring the activities of striatal antioxidant defenses to restore the nigrostriatal dopaminergic function and decrease α-synuclein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41394, Taiwan.
| | - Keng-Fan Liu
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jen Teng
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chen Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 43550, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Er Yang
- Department of Beauty Science and Graduate, Institute of Beauty Science Technology, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.
| | - Hui Ching
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, 40343, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Caldas Pereira R, Nonato CDFA, Camilo CJ, Melo Coutinho HD, Rodrigues FFG, Xiao J, da Costa JGM. Development and validation of a rapid RP-HPLC-DAD analysis method for the quantification of pilocarpine in Pilocarpus microphyllus (Rutaceae). Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:106-111. [PMID: 29753865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A method using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for identification and quantification of pilocarpine in the extract of Pilocarpus microphyllus, popularly known as jaborandi. The analysis was conducted using RP-18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm x 5 μm id) and a buffer solution composed of acidified water, phosphoric acid and triethylamine and methanol as a mobile phase in a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection at 215 nm at 25 °C. Excellent linearity with r2 equal to 0.9999 was obtained. The recovery percentage was very satisfactory with values within the specifications. It is correct to affirm that the method has optimal intracurrent and intercurrent precision values with relative standard deviations of 0.1852% and 0.1932%, respectively. The robustness of the method, assessed through the Youden test, showed no significant influence of any of the evaluated parameters. In general, the method proved to be suitable for the intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Caldas Pereira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Research in Natural Products, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Carla de Fátima Alves Nonato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Research in Natural Products, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Cicera Janaine Camilo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Research in Natural Products, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Research in Natural Products, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Fernandes Galvão Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Research in Natural Products, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Research in Natural Products, Program of Post-Graduation in Molecular Bioprospection, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil.
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Santos CCDS, Guilhon CC, Moreno DSA, Alviano CS, Estevam CDS, Blank AF, Fernandes PD. Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties of Schinopsis brasiliensis bark. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:176-182. [PMID: 29155084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schinopsis brasiliensis is a native plant from Brazil, popularly used in folk medicine to relieve pain and treat inflammation. This study evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and antioxidant properties of the hydroethanol extract (HEE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) obtained from S. brasiliensis bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HEE and EAF of S. brasiliensis bark (10, 30 and 100mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated using models of analgaesia (formalin-induced licking and hot-plate models) or inflammation (licking response by formalin-induced and carrageenan-induced cell migration into the subcutaneous air pouch). The antioxidant activities of HEE and EAF (50, 100 and 200µg/ml) were evaluated using the lipoperoxidation method induced in egg yolk by 2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and FeSO4. RESULTS HEE and EAF presented a central antinociceptive effect (at 100mg/kg dose), increasing the baseline and area under the curve in the hot plate model. EAF (100mg/kg) significantly reduced (p< 0.005) the pain response in the first (45%) and second (35%) phases of the formalin-induced licking model, while HEE (100mg/kg) reduced (38%) only the pain response in the second phase. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, EAF (100mg/kg) also inhibited the inflammatory process induced by subcutaneous carrageenan injection in the SAP model, reducing the amount of the cytokine TNF-α produced. CONCLUSION HEE and EAF from S. brasiliensis bark show pharmacological interest because they were able to inhibit the peripheral and central transmission of pain. Our data also suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity caused by EAF exposure occurs through the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, also reducing the spreading of the inflammatory processes by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, which are by-products in the biosynthesis of pain mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Celuta Sales Alviano
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Charles Dos Santos Estevam
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Campus Universitário, São Cristóvão, Brasil
| | - Arie Fitzgerald Blank
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Campus Universitário, São Cristóvão, Brasil
| | - Patricia Dias Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Santos CCDS, Masullo M, Cerulli A, Mari A, Estevam CDS, Pizza C, Piacente S. Isolation of antioxidant phenolics from Schinopsis brasiliensis based on a preliminary LC-MS profiling. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 140:45-51. [PMID: 28448799 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic content of the ethanol extract of the stem bark of the Brazilian plant Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (Anacardiaceae) has been evaluated together with the antioxidant activity. The good antioxidant activity exhibited in the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay (TEAC value = 3.04 mg/mL) encouraged us to investigate its constituents. An analytical approach based on LC-ESIMSn was applied to rapidly obtain a metabolite profile of the ethanol extract of the stem bark of S. brasiliensis. Sixteen phenolic compounds, among which five galloyl derivatives, never reported before, have been isolated and their structures have been unambiguously elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D (1H, 13C, TOCSY) and 2D (DQF-COSY, HMBC, and HSQC) NMR experiments. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of all the isolated compounds was evaluated, along with the cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines A549 (human alveolar basal carcinoma) and Hela (human epitheloid cervix carcinoma). The previously undescribed compounds exhibited a high free-radical-scavenging activity, in the range of 1.10-1.86 mM. None of the tested compounds, in a range of concentrations between 12.5 and 100 μM, caused a significant reduction of the cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clisiane Carla de Souza Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, av. Marechal Rondon, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; PhD Program in Biotechnology of Natural Resources - RENORBIO, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, av. Marechal Rondon, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cerulli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Angela Mari
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Charles Dos Santos Estevam
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, av. Marechal Rondon, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Cosimo Pizza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Teerasong S, Jinnarak A, Chaneam S, Wilairat P, Nacapricha D. Poly(vinyl alcohol) capped silver nanoparticles for antioxidant assay based on seed-mediated nanoparticle growth. Talanta 2017; 170:193-198. [PMID: 28501158 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was developed. In this work, gallic acid was used as the antioxidant standard. Poly(vinyl alcohol) embedded silver nanoparticles (PVA-AgNPs) were employed as a colorimetric sensor. The detection principle was based on the seed-mediated nanoparticle growth technique. The PVA-AgNPs act as a catalyst in the reduction of Ag+ by gallic acid by providing nucleation seeds. Ag+ was reduced to Ag° and accumulated on the PVA-AgNP surface, leading to an increase in the size of particles. The absorbance of the colloidal solution was drastically enhanced with a small red shift. Under optimal conditions, a linear response was established between the change in absorbance and the TAC value expressed in terms of gallic acid equivalents. The linear range was from 25 to 200μM with a detection limit of 22.1μM. Satisfactory precision was obtained with % relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.17. The developed sensor was successfully applied for TAC assessment of commercial ginger products. The PVA-AgNP sensor offers rapid analysis (within 5min) compared to other nanoparticle-based antioxidant assays. Synthesis of the particles and assay involved less-toxic chemicals, and is therefore a "greener" method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowapak Teerasong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand; Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), 10400 Thailand.
| | - Amornrassamee Jinnarak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Sumonmarn Chaneam
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), 10400 Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000 Thailand
| | - Prapin Wilairat
- National Doping Control Centre, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), 10400 Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
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Fernandes FHA, Salgado HRN. Gallic Acid: Review of the Methods of Determination and Quantification. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 46:257-65. [PMID: 26440222 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1095064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (3,4,5 trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a secondary metabolite present in most plants. This metabolite is known to exhibit a range of bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. There are various methods to analyze gallic acid including spectrometry, chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, among others. They have been developed to identify and quantify this active ingredient in most biological matrices. The aim of this article is to review the available information on analytical methods for gallic acid, as well as presenting the advantages and limitations of each technique.
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Shah SNA, Li H, Lin JM. Enhancement of periodate-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence by nitrogen doped carbon dots and its application for the determination of pyrogallol and gallic acid. Talanta 2016; 153:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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