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Mendili M, Khadhri A, Sabatini F, Degano I, Aschi-Smiti S. Parietin, the Vibrant Natural Dye in Xanthoria parietina. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301357. [PMID: 38072912 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The use of natural dyes in several areas is regulated by current European and non-European legislation, due to various problems with synthetic dyes. The analysis revealed that the lichen studied: Xanthoria parietina has potential natural dye sources and provides bright colors for extraction solvents. Furthermore, dyed wool and toile fabric have good fastness properties in ammonia fermentation and boiling water, both with and without mordants. The sample dyes with Xanthoria parietina were characterized by several analytical techniques: high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF). As compounds from Xanthoria parietina form a complex with mordants and tissues, it is impossible to identify the molecules responsible for coloring using chromatographic techniques. However, we have evaluated the dyeing power of their major molecule, parietin. To further confirm the coloring power of the isolated parietin molecule, we performed a dye test with pure parietin. Thus, CIALAB analyses have shown parietin is the molecule responsible for the coloring obtained by Xanthoria parietina. The utilization of parietin derived from lichens facilitates the development of sustainable dyes for textile coloring, presenting an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic dyes while simultaneously enriching lichen biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mendili
- Plant, soil, and environment interactions laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ayda Khadhri
- Plant, soil, and environment interactions laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Sabatini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samira Aschi-Smiti
- Plant, soil, and environment interactions laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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2
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Schulze J, Schöne L, Ayoub AM, Librizzi D, Amin MU, Engelhardt K, Yousefi BH, Bender L, Schaefer J, Preis E, Schulz-Siegmund M, Wölk C, Bakowsky U. Modern Photodynamic Glioblastoma Therapy Using Curcumin- or Parietin-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles in a CAM Model Study. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5502-5514. [PMID: 38016693 PMCID: PMC10732153 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural photosensitizers, such as curcumin or parietin, play a vital role in photodynamic therapy (PDT), causing a light-mediated reaction that kills cancer cells. PDT is a promising treatment option for glioblastoma, especially when combined with nanoscale drug delivery systems. The curcumin- or parietin-loaded lipid nanoparticles were prepared via dual asymmetric centrifugation and subsequently characterized through physicochemical analyses including dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler velocimetry, and atomic force microscopy. The combination of PDT and lipid nanoparticles has been evaluated in vitro regarding uptake, safety, and efficacy. The extensive and well-vascularized chorioallantois membrane (CAM) of fertilized hen's eggs offers an optimal platform for three-dimensional cell culture, which has been used in this study to evaluate the photodynamic efficacy of lipid nanoparticles against glioblastoma cells. In contrast to other animal models, the CAM model lacks a mature immune system in an early stage, facilitating the growth of xenografts without rejection. Treatment of xenografted U87 glioblastoma cells on CAM was performed to assess the effects on tumor viability, growth, and angiogenesis. The xenografts and the surrounding blood vessels were targeted through topical application, and the effects of photodynamic therapy have been confirmed microscopically and via positron emission tomography and X-ray computed tomography. Finally, the excised xenografts embedded in the CAM were analyzed histologically by hematoxylin and eosin and KI67 staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulze
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University
of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Lisa Schöne
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Strasse 15a, Leipzig 04317, Germany
| | - Abdallah M. Ayoub
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University
of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Center
for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Core Facility Molecular Imaging,
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University
of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Muhammad Umair Amin
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University
of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Konrad Engelhardt
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University
of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Behrooz H. Yousefi
- Center
for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Core Facility Molecular Imaging,
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University
of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Lena Bender
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University
of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Jens Schaefer
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University
of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University
of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Strasse 15a, Leipzig 04317, Germany
| | - Christian Wölk
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Strasse 15a, Leipzig 04317, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University
of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
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3
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Ayoub AM, Atya MS, Abdelsalam AM, Schulze J, Amin MU, Engelhardt K, Wojcik M, Librizzi D, Yousefi BH, Nasrullah U, Pfeilschifter J, Bakowsky U, Preis E. Photoactive Parietin-loaded nanocarriers as an efficient therapeutic platform against triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123217. [PMID: 37429562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of photodynamic therapy has become more and more important in combating cancer. However, the high lipophilic nature of most photosensitizers limits their parenteral administration and leads to aggregation in the biological environment. To resolve this problem and deliver a photoactive form, the natural photosensitizer parietin (PTN) was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PTN NPs) by emulsification diffusion method. PTN NPs displayed a size of 193.70 nm and 157.31 nm, characterized by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy, respectively. As the photoactivity of parietin is essential for therapy, the quantum yield of PTN NPs and the in vitro release were assessed. The antiproliferative activity, the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial potential depolarization, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization were evaluated in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells). At the same time, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were used to investigate the cellular uptake profile. In addition, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was employed to evaluate the antiangiogenic effect microscopically. The spherical monomodal PTN NPs show a quantum yield of 0.4. The biological assessment on MDA-MB-231 cells revealed that free PTN and PTN NPs inhibited cell proliferation with IC50 of 0.95 µM and 1.9 µM at 6 J/cm2, respectively, and this can be attributed to the intracellular uptake profile as proved by flow cytometry. Eventually, the CAM study illustrated that PTN NPs could reduce the number of angiogenic blood vessels and disrupt the vitality of xenografted tumors. In conclusion, PTN NPs are a promising anticancer strategy in vitro and might be a tool for fighting cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Muhammed S Atya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jan Schulze
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad U Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Engelhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wojcik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Core Facility Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Behrooz H Yousefi
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Core Facility Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Usman Nasrullah
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany.
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany.
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Petrová K, Bačkorová M, Demčišáková Z, Petrovová E, Goga M, Vilková M, Frenák R, Bačkor M, Mojžiš J, Kello M. Usnic Acid Isolated from Usnea antarctica (Du Rietz) Reduced In Vitro Angiogenesis in VEGF- and bFGF-Stimulated HUVECs and Ex Ovo in Quail Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091444. [PMID: 36143480 PMCID: PMC9503005 DOI: 10.3390/life12091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anti-angiogenic therapy, a promising strategy against cancer progression, is limited by drug resistance. Natural plants, such as secondary metabolites of lichens, may represent an appropriate strategy to increase the effectiveness of conventional therapies and overcome resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy if combined with existing chemotherapy. Accordingly, our study was designed to determine the potential anti-angiogenic effect of usnic acid, a secondary metabolite of lichens, on VEGF- and bFGF-stimulated HUVECs as well as in quail chorioallantoic membrane assays, which were supplemented by histological sections of CAM-affected layers. Abstract Natural products include a diverse set of compounds of drug discovery that are currently being actively used to target tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-angiogenic activities of secondary metabolite usnic acid isolated from Usena antarctica. We investigated the in vitro effects on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of VEGF- and bFGF-stimulated HUVECs. Ex ovo anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated using the CAM assay. Our findings demonstrated that usnic acid in the concentration of 33.57 µM inhibited VEGF (25 ng/mL) and bFGF (30 ng/mL)-induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. The ex ovo CAM model was used to confirm the results obtained from in vitro studies. VEGF- and bFGF-induced vessel formation was inhibited by usnic acid after 72 h in over 2-fold higher concentrations compared to in vitro. Subsequently, histological sections of affected chorioallantoic membranes were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and alcian blue to determine the number and diameter of vessels as well as the thickness of the individual CAM layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). Usnic acid was able to suppress the formation of VEGF- and bFGF-induced vessels with a diameter of less than 100 μm, which was demonstrated by the reduction of mesoderm thickness as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Petrová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Miriam Bačkorová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Demčišáková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Petrovová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Goga
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Vilková
- NMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Richard Frenák
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Bačkor
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (M.K.)
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5
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Della Greca M, Mendili M, Khadhri A, Ben Jemâa JM, Andolfi A, Tufano I, Aschi-smiti S. Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of Compounds Isolated from Tunisian Lichens Species. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200134. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Della Greca
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences Complesso Univ. Mt. S. Angelovia Cintia, 4 80126 Napoli ITALY
| | - Mohamed Mendili
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interaction Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Ayda Khadhri
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Faculty of Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interactions Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa
- National Agricultural Research Institute Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture Rue Hedi Karray, El-Menzah Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Anna Andolfi
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences via Cinthia Naples ITALY
| | - Immacolata Tufano
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences via Cinthia Naples ITALY
| | - Samira Aschi-smiti
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interaction Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
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Dornelles RC, Guex CG, de Lima R, Nogueira-Librelotto DR, Casoti R, Engelmann AM, Emanuelli Mello CB, Brandt de Souza J, Melazzo de Andrade C, Machado AK, Pillat MM, Manfron MP, de Freitas Bauermann L. Richardia brasiliensis Gomes: phytochemical characterization, antiproliferative capacity and in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 133:105221. [PMID: 35792244 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Richardia brasiliensis, known as poaia branca, is a medicinal species widely distributed throughout Brazil and used in folk medicine. However, studies on its toxicity are practically non-existent, and little is known about its biological activity. This study aimed to investigate its phytochemical compounds, assess its in vitro and in vivo toxicities, and determine its antiproliferative activity. UHPLC-ESI-HRFTMS performed the phytochemical characterization, and the antiproliferative activity was analyzed in different tumor cell lines. In vitro toxicity was evaluated in PBMC cells, and in vivo acute and repeated dose toxicity was evaluated according to OECD guidelines. It was identified alkaloids and terpenes as significant compounds. Regarding its antiproliferative activity, the human melanoma strain decreased its viability by about 95%. In vitro toxicity showed that the extracts maintained the viability of PBMCs; however, higher concentrations were able to increase the production of dsDNA quantity. In vivo tests showed no mortality nor signs of toxicity; the alterations found in hematological and biochemical parameters are within the standards for the species. The results indicate that R. brasiliensis has a good effect against the tumor cell line; still, more studies on its toxicity at higher concentrations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Castro Dornelles
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camille Gaube Guex
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rachel de Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Casoti
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Martiele Engelmann
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Benaduce Emanuelli Mello
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Brandt de Souza
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Melânia Palermo Manfron
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Liliane de Freitas Bauermann
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Varol A, Sezen S, Evcimen D, Zarepour A, Ulus G, Zarrabi A, Badr G, Daştan SD, Orbayoğlu AG, Selamoğlu Z, Varol M. Cellular targets and molecular activity mechanisms of bee venom in cancer: recent trends and developments. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2024576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Varol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Serap Sezen
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilhan Evcimen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gönül Ulus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamal Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Immunology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Asya Gülistan Orbayoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Selamoğlu
- Department Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Dar TUH, Dar SA, Islam SU, Mangral ZA, Dar R, Singh BP, Verma P, Haque S. Lichens as a repository of bioactive compounds: an open window for green therapy against diverse cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1120-1137. [PMID: 34052413 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichens, algae and fungi-based symbiotic associations, are sources of many important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. Wide range of experiments based on in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that lichens are a rich treasure of anti-cancer compounds. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen compounds can interact with all biological entities currently identified to be responsible for tumor development. The critical ways to control the cancer development include induction of cell cycle arrests, blocking communication of growth factors, activation of anti-tumor immunity, inhibition of tumor-friendly inflammation, inhibition of tumor metastasis, and suppressing chromosome dysfunction. Also, lichen-based compounds induce the killing of cells by the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, that inturn positively modulates metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. Many lichen-based compounds have proven to possess potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with other anti-cancer compounds. This review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of the repository of secondary metabolites reported in lichens. Besides, we discuss the anti-cancer potential and possible mechanism of the most frequently reported secondary metabolites derived from lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahid Ahmed Mangral
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Ulus G. Antiangiogenic properties of lichen secondary metabolites. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3046-3058. [PMID: 33587324 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms which are composed fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria. They produce a variety of characteristic secondary metabolites. Such substances have various biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from pre-existing vessels, contributes to numerous diseases including cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, infectious, and immune disorders. Antiangiogenic therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of such diseases by inhibiting the new vessel formation. Technological advances have led to the development of various antiangiogenic agents and have made possible antiangiogenic therapy in many diseases associated with angiogenesis. Some lichens and their metabolites are used in the drug industry, but many have not yet been tested for their antiangiogenic effects. The cytotoxic and angiogenic capacities of lichen-derived small molecules have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro experiments. Therefore, some of them may be used as antiangiogenic agents in the future. The secondary compounds of lichen whose antiangiogenic effect has been studied in the literature are usnic acid, barbatolic acid, vulpinic acid, olivetoric acid, emodin, secalonic acid D, and parietin. In this article, we review the antiangiogenic effects and cellular targets of these lichen-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Ulus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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