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Liu J, Chen F, Song D, Zhang Q, Li P, Ci Z, Zhang W, Zhou G. Construction of three-dimensional, homogeneous regenerative cartilage tissue based on the ECG-DBM complex. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1252790. [PMID: 37818235 PMCID: PMC10561249 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1252790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The feasibility of using a steel decalcified bone matrix (DBM)-reinforced concrete engineered cartilage gel (ECG) model concept for in vivo cartilage regeneration has been demonstrated in preliminary experiments. However, the regenerated cartilage tissue contained an immature part in the center. The present study aimed to achieve more homogeneous regenerated cartilage based on the same model concept. Methods: For this, we optimized the culture conditions for the engineered cartilage gel-decalcified bone matrix (ECG-DBM) complex based on the previous model and systematically compared the in vitro chondrogenic abilities of ECG in the cartilage slice and ECG-DBM complex states. We then compared the in vivo cartilage regeneration effects of the ECG-DBM complex with those of an equivalent volume of ECG and an equivalent ECG content. Results and discussion: Significant increases in the DNA content and cartilage-specific matrix content were observed for the ECG-DBM complex compared with the ECG cartilage slice, suggesting that the DBM scaffold significantly improved the quality of ECG-derived cartilage regeneration in vitro. In the in vivo experiments, high-quality cartilage tissue was regenerated in all groups at 8 weeks, and the regenerated cartilage exhibited typical cartilage lacunae and cartilage-specific extracellular matrix deposition. Quantitative analysis revealed a higher chondrogenic efficiency in the ECG-DBM group. Specifically, the ECG-DBM complex achieved more homogeneous and stable regenerated cartilage than an equivalent volume of ECG and more mature regenerated cartilage than an equivalent ECG content. Compared with ECG overall, ECG-DBM had a more controllable shape, good morphology retention, moderate mechanical strength, and high cartilage regeneration efficiency. Further evaluation of the ECG-DBM complex after in vitro culture for 7 and 14 days confirmed that an extended in vitro preculture facilitated more homogeneous cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Feifan Chen
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daiying Song
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixin Zhang
- Department of Geratology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Peizhe Li
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Ci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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PEG Reinforced Scaffold Promotes Uniform Distribution of Human MSC-Created Cartilage Matrix. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120794. [PMID: 36547318 PMCID: PMC9778361 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we used a gelatin/hyaluronic acid (GH)-based scaffold to induce chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSC). The results showed that hBMSCs underwent robust chondrogenesis and facilitated in vivo cartilage regeneration. However, it was noticed that the GH scaffolds display a compressive modulus that is markedly lower than native cartilage. In this study, we aimed to enhance the mechanical strength of GH scaffolds without significantly impairing their chondrosupportive property. Specifically, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and photoinitiators were infiltrated into pre-formed hBMSC-laden GH scaffolds and then photo-crosslinked. Results showed that infiltration of PEG at the beginning of chondrogenesis significantly increased the deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the central area of the scaffold. To explore the mechanism, we compared the cell migration and proliferation in the margin and central areas of GH and PEG-infiltrated GH scaffolds (GH+PEG). Limited cell migration was noticed in both groups, but more proliferating cells were observed in GH than in GH+PEG. Lastly, the in vitro repairing study with bovine cartilage explants showed that PEG- impregnated scaffolds integrated well with host tissues. These results indicate that PEG-GH hybrid scaffolds, created through infiltrating PEG into pre-formed GH scaffolds, display good integration capacity and represent a new tool for the repair of chondral injury.
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Zhao X, Hua Y, Wang T, Ci Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lin Q, Zhu L, Zhou G. In vitro Cartilage Regeneration Regulated by a Hydrostatic Pressure Bioreactor Based on Hybrid Photocrosslinkable Hydrogels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916146. [PMID: 35832408 PMCID: PMC9273133 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the superior characteristics of photocrosslinkable hydrogels suitable for 3D cell-laden bioprinting, tissue regeneration based on photocrosslinkable hydrogels has become an important research topic. However, due to nutrient permeation obstacles caused by the dense networks and static culture conditions, there have been no successful reports on in vitro cartilage regeneration with certain thicknesses based on photocrosslinkable hydrogels. To solve this problem, hydrostatic pressure (HP) provided by the bioreactor was used to regulate the in vitro cartilage regeneration based on hybrid photocrosslinkable (HPC) hydrogel. Chondrocyte laden HPC hydrogels (CHPC) were cultured under 5 MPa HP for 8 weeks and evaluated by various staining and quantitative methods. Results demonstrated that CHPC can maintain the characteristics of HPC hydrogels and is suitable for 3D cell-laden bioprinting. However, HPC hydrogels with concentrations over 3% wt% significantly influenced cell viability and in vitro cartilage regeneration due to nutrient permeation obstacles. Fortunately, HP completely reversed the negative influences of HPC hydrogels at 3% wt%, significantly enhanced cell viability, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by improving nutrient transportation and up-regulating the expression of cartilage-specific genes, and successfully regenerated homogeneous cartilage with a thickness over 3 mm. The transcriptome sequencing results demonstrated that HP regulated in vitro cartilage regeneration primarily by inhibiting cell senescence and apoptosis, promoting ECM synthesis, suppressing ECM catabolism, and ECM structure remodeling. Evaluation of in vivo fate indicated that in vitro regenerated cartilage in the HP group further developed after implantation and formed homogeneous and mature cartilage close to the native one, suggesting significant clinical potential. The current study outlines an efficient strategy for in vitro cartilage regeneration based on photocrosslinkable hydrogel scaffolds and its in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Hua
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Ci
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Cosmetic Surgery, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangdong Zhou, ; Xiaoyun Wang, ; Qiuning Lin,
| | - Qiuning Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangdong Zhou, ; Xiaoyun Wang, ; Qiuning Lin,
| | - Linyong Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangdong Zhou, ; Xiaoyun Wang, ; Qiuning Lin,
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4
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Ci Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wu G, Hou M, Zhang P, Jia L, Bai B, Cao Y, Liu Y, Zhou G. 3D Cartilage Regeneration With Certain Shape and Mechanical Strength Based on Engineered Cartilage Gel and Decalcified Bone Matrix. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638115. [PMID: 33718376 PMCID: PMC7952450 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-free cartilage-sheet technology can stably regenerate high-quality cartilage tissue in vivo. However, uncontrolled shape maintenance and mechanical strength greatly hinder its clinical translation. Decalcified bone matrix (DBM) has high porosity, a suitable pore structure, and good biocompatibility, as well as controlled shape and mechanical strength. In this study, cartilage sheet was prepared into engineered cartilage gel (ECG) and combined with DBM to explore the feasibility of regenerating 3D cartilage with controlled shape and mechanical strength. The results indicated that ECG cultured in vitro for 3 days (3 d) and 15 days (15 d) showed good biocompatibility with DBM, and the ECG–DBM constructs successfully regenerated viable 3D cartilage with typical mature cartilage features in both nude mice and autologous goats. Additionally, the regenerated cartilage had comparable mechanical properties to native cartilage and maintained its original shape. To further determine the optimal seeding parameters for ECG, the 3 d ECG regenerated using human chondrocytes was diluted in different concentrations (1:3, 1:2, and 1:1) for seeding and in vivo implantation. The results showed that the regenerated cartilage in the 1:2 group exhibited better shape maintenance and homogeneity than the other groups. The current study established a novel mode of 3D cartilage regeneration based on the design concept of steel (DBM)-reinforced concrete (ECG) and successfully regenerated homogenous and mature 3D cartilage with controlled shape and mechanical strength, which hopefully provides an ideal cartilage graft for the repair of various cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ci
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoyang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Litao Jia
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China.,Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoshuai Bai
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
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5
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Fatahi Y, Saeb MR, Zarrintaj P, Kundu SC, Khademhosseini A. Silk fibroin scaffolds for common cartilage injuries: Possibilities for future clinical applications. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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Chen J, Yuan Z, Liu Y, Zheng R, Dai Y, Tao R, Xia H, Liu H, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Liu W, Cao Y, Zhou G. Improvement of In Vitro Three-Dimensional Cartilage Regeneration by a Novel Hydrostatic Pressure Bioreactor. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:982-991. [PMID: 28297584 PMCID: PMC5442788 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro three‐dimensional (3D) cartilage regeneration is a promising strategy for repair of cartilage defects. However, inferior mechanical strength and tissue homogeneity greatly restricted its clinical translation. Simulation of mechanical stress through a bioreactor is an important approach for improving in vitro cartilage regeneration. The current study developed a hydrostatic pressure (HP) bioreactor based on a novel pressure‐transmitting mode achieved by slight deformation of a flexible membrane in a completely sealed stainless steel device. The newly developed bioreactor efficiently avoided the potential risks of previously reported pressure‐transmitting modes and simultaneously addressed a series of important issues, such as pressure scopes, culture chamber sizes, sealability, contamination control, and CO2 balance. The whole bioreactor system realized stable long‐term (8 weeks) culture under high HP (5–10 MPa) without the problems of medium leakage and contamination. Furthermore, the results of in vitro 3D tissue culture based on a cartilage regeneration model revealed that HP provided by the newly developed bioreactor efficiently promoted in vitro 3D cartilage formation by improving its mechanical strength, thickness, and homogeneity. Detailed analysis in cell proliferation, cartilage matrix production, and cross‐linking level of collagen macromolecules, as well as density and alignment of collagen fibers, further revealed the possible mechanisms that HP regulated in vitro cartilage regeneration. The current study provided a highly efficient and stable bioreactor system for improving in vitro 3D cartilage regeneration and thus will help to accelerate its clinical translation. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:982–991
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyuan Yuan
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Dai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huitang Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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7
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Satisfactory surgical option for cartilage graft absorption in microtia reconstruction. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:471-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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O'Sullivan NA, Kobayashi S, Ranka MP, Zaleski KL, Yaremchuk MJ, Bonassar LJ, Randolph MA. Adhesion and integration of tissue engineered cartilage to porous polyethylene for composite ear reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:983-91. [PMID: 25196223 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the ability of tissue engineered cartilage to adhere to and integrate with porous polyethylene (PPE) in vivo and to evaluate the biomechanical integrity of the bond formed at the interface. Porcine auricular, articular, and costal chondrocytes were suspended in fibrin gel polymer and placed between discs of PPE to form tri-layer constructs. Controls consisted of fibroblasts suspended in gel or gel alone between the discs. Constructs were implanted into nude mice for 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Upon harvest, specimens were evaluated for neocartilage formation and integration into the PPE, using histological, dimensional (mass, thickness, diameter), and biomechanical (adhesion strength, interfacial stiffness, failure energy and failure strain) analyses. Neotissue was formed in all experimental constructs, consisting mostly of neocartilage integrating with discs of PPE. Control samples contained only fibrous tissue. Biomechanical analyses demonstrated that adhesion strength, interfacial stiffness, and failure energy were all significantly higher in the chondrocyte-seeded samples than in fibroblast-seeded controls, with the exception of costal constructs at 12 weeks, which were not significantly greater than controls. In general, failure strains did not vary between groups. In conclusion, porous polyethylene supported the growth of neocartilage that formed mechanically functional bonds with the PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh A O'Sullivan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shinji Kobayashi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mitun P Ranka
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine L Zaleski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Yaremchuk
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Mark A Randolph
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Role of insulin-transferrin-selenium in auricular chondrocyte proliferation and engineered cartilage formation in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1525-37. [PMID: 24451136 PMCID: PMC3907884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to determine the effects of Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS) on proliferation of auricular chondrocytes and formation of engineered cartilage in vitro. Pig auricular monolayer chondrocytes and chondrocyte pellets were cultured in media containing 1% ITS at different concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS, 10%, 6%, 2%, 0%), or 10% FBS alone as a control for four weeks. Parameters including cell proliferation in monolayer, wet weight, collagen type I/II/X (Col I, II, X) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) expression, GAG content of pellets and gene expression associated with cartilage formation/dedifferentiation (lost cartilage phenotype)/hypertrophy within the chondrocyte pellets were assessed. The results showed that chondrocytes proliferation rates increased when FBS concentrations increased (2%, 6%, 10% FBS) in ITS supplemented groups. In addition, 1% ITS plus 10% FBS significantly promoted cell proliferation than 10% FBS alone. No chondrocytes grew in ITS alone medium. 1% ITS plus 10% FBS enhanced cartilage formation in terms of size, wet weight, cartilage specific matrices, and homogeneity, compared to 10% FBS alone group. Furthermore, ITS prevented engineered cartilage from dedifferentiation (i.e., higher index of Col II/Col I mRNA expression and expression of aggrecan) and hypertrophy (i.e., lower mRNA expression of Col X and MMP13). In conclusion, our results indicated that ITS efficiently enhanced auricular chondrocytes proliferation, retained chondrogenic phenotypes, and promoted engineered cartilage formation when combined with FBS, which is potentially used as key supplementation in auricular chondrocytes and engineered cartilage culture.
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10
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Extracellular matrix protein patterns guide human chondrocytes adhesion and alignment characterized by vimentin and matrilin-3. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 102:730-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Zhang Y, Yang F, Liu K, Shen H, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Liu W, Wang S, Cao Y, Zhou G. The impact of PLGA scaffold orientation on in vitro cartilage regeneration. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2926-35. [PMID: 22257722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The success of in vitro cartilage regeneration provides a promising approach for cartilage repair. However, the currently engineered cartilage in vitro is unsatisfactory for clinical application due to non-homogeneous structure, inadequate thickness, and poor mechanical property. It has been widely reported that orientation of scaffolds can promote cell migration and thus probably contributes to improving tissue regeneration. This study explored the impact of microtubular oriented scaffold on in vitro cartilage regeneration. Porcine articular chondrocytes were seeded into microtubule-oriented PLGA scaffolds and non-oriented scaffolds respectively. A long-term in vitro culture followed by a long-term in vivo implantation was performed to evaluate the influence of scaffold orientation on cartilage regeneration. The current results showed that the oriented scaffolds could efficiently promote cell migration towards the inner region of the constructs. After 12 weeks of in vitro culture, the chondrocyte-scaffold constructs in the oriented group formed thicker cartilage with more homogeneous structure, stronger mechanical property, and higher cartilage matrix content compared to the non-oriented group. Furthermore, the in vitro engineered cartilage based on oriented scaffolds showed better cartilage formation in terms of size, wet weight, and homogeneity after 12-week in vivo implantation in nude mice. These results indicated that the longitudinal microtubular orientation of scaffolds can efficiently improve the structure and function of in vitro engineered cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, PR China
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