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Liu M, Shang Y, Liu N, Zhen Y, Chen Y, An Y. Strategies to Improve AFT Volume Retention After Fat Grafting. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:808-824. [PMID: 36316460 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting has gained increasing popularity used in plastic surgery as a strategy to improve functional and aesthetic outcome. However, variable augmentation results have concerned surgeons in that volume loss of grafted fat reported fluctuates unsteadily. AIM An optimal technique that clinically maximizes the long-term survival rate of transplantation is in urgent need to be identified. METHOD The PubMed/MEDLINE database was queried to search for animal and human studies published through March of 2022 with search terms related to adipose grafting encompassing liposuction, adipose graft viability, processing technique, adipose-derived stem cell, SVF and others. RESULTS 45 in vivo studies met inclusion criteria. The principal of ideal processing technique is effective purification of fat and protection of tissue viability, such as gauze rolling and washing-filtration devices. Cell-assisted lipotransfer including SVF, SVF-gel and ADSCs significantly promotes graft retention via differentiation potential and paracrine manner. ADSCs induce polarization of macrophages to regulate inflammatory response, mediate extracellular matrix remodeling and promote endothelial cell migration and sprouting, and differentiate into adipocytes to replace necrotic cells, providing powerful evidence for the benefits and efficacy of cell-assisted lipotransfer. CONCLUSION Based on the current evidence, the best strategy can not be decided. Cell-assisted lipotransfer has great potential for use in regenerative medicine. But so far mechanically prepared SVF-gel is conducive to clinical promotion. PRP as endogenous growth factor sustained-release material shows great feasibility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yujia Shang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youbai Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Karadag Sari EC, Ovali E. Factors affecting cell viability and the yield of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2022; 56:249-254. [PMID: 35819816 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2022.2097250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is isolated from adipose tissue and has tremendous regenerative potential for proliferation and differentiation. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the cell yield and viability of the SVF to improve the outcomes of its clinical applications and enhance its clinical usage. We performed a retrospective analysis with 121 patients who underwent liposuction to harvest adipose-derived SVF. We recorded patient demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), blood type, medical comorbidities, and smoking and alcohol consumption. As for operative variables, we noted the amount of lipoaspirate and the donor areas, including the lower and entire abdomen. The viability and the cell count of SVF were documented. Sex was a statistically significant factor for viability rate (p < 0.015) and cell count (p < 0.009). Men had higher viability, while women had higher cell counts. We found a statistically significant difference in the presence of hypertension (p = 0.024) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.024). There was a statistically significant relationship between cell count and age (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.006), and amount of lipoaspirate (p < 0.001). Sex had significant associations with cell count and viability, while age, BMI, and lipoaspirate amount were significantly associated with cell count. Hypertension and alcohol consumption significantly affected cell count, which is the first such report of this association. Surgeons could apply this knowledge to patient selection for optimal treatment outcomes. Additionally, understanding these factors can help manage patient expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cigdem Karadag Sari
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Altunizade Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercument Ovali
- Hematology, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Facility, Istanbul, Turkey
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The Influence of Low- and High-Negative-Pressure Liposuction and Different Harvesting Sites on the Viability and Yield of Adipocytes and Other Nucleated Cells. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:2952-2970. [PMID: 34128093 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The volume effect of fat grafting is highly dependent on the presence of viable adipocytes and other nucleated cells within the lipoaspirate. We suspected that one of the crucial factors influencing cell viability is the negative pressure applied during the fat graft harvesting and the suitability of various harvest sites when compared to others. Despite much discussion, there is no consensus on the optimal negative pressure or the best site for harvesting so we designed an experiment to test this. METHODS Fat graft taken under low negative pressure (- 200 mmHg) or high negative pressure (- 700 mmHg) from the thigh or abdominal regions from 21 healthy human donors was evaluated. The principal variables studied were: a) total number and viability of nucleated cells, b) liposuction duration and c) blood admixture. Other variables studied were body mass index, the impact of age and enzymatic digestion. RESULTS The absolute number and viability of nucleated cells and the blood admixture did not differ significantly between lipoaspirates obtained under different vacuum conditions or from different regions. The time taken to acquire the same volume of lipoaspirate was significantly increased using low negative pressure. The time taken to collect cells in the thigh region significantly increased with increasing BMI but this correlation was not found when harvesting in the abdominal region. The BMI and age did not impact the results in any of the measured variables. The enzymatic digestion rate was independent of the negative pressure used to harvest. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that neither the negative pressure used nor the area chosen has any significant influence on the viability and yield of harvested cells. The time taken to obtain lipoaspirate using low pressure is significantly longer than when using high pressure. No significant difference was found in the value of blood admixture using different vacuum pressures, and no correlation exists between the body mass index and the cell viability or age of the patients and the time of liposuction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Molitor M, Trávníčková M, Měšťák O, Christodoulou P, Sedlář A, Bačáková L, Lucchina S. The Influence of High and Low Negative Pressure Liposuction and Various Harvesting Techniques on the Viability and Function of Harvested Cells-a Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:2379-2394. [PMID: 33876289 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of fat grafting methodology, techniques and patient-related factors is crucial when considering fat grafting. Multiple factors can influence the success of a fat graft and consequently the outcome of the procedure. The aim of this systematic review is to elucidate the influence of negative pressure and various techniques of fat harvesting on the viability and function of cells, particularly adipocytes and adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS We conducted a literature search from 1975 to 2020 using the PubMed bibliography, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and the Google Scholar databases which produced 168,628 articles on the first pass. After applying all the exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers, we were left with 21 articles (level IV of Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Studies and Grade C of Grade Practice Recommendation from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons) on which this review is based. RESULTS From 11 studies focused on different negative pressures, no one found using high negative pressure advantageous. Summarising 13 studies focused on various harvesting techniques (excision, syringe, and pump-machine), most often equal results were reported, followed by excision being better than either syringe or liposuction. CONCLUSION From our systematic review, we can conclude that the low negative pressure seems to yield better results and that the excision seems to be the most sparing method for fat graft harvesting. However, we have to point out that this conclusion is based on a very limited number of statistically challengeable articles and we recommend well-conducted further research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Molitor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Na Bulovce Hospital, Budinova 67/2, 180 81, Prague 8-Liben, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Trávníčková
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Měšťák
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Na Bulovce Hospital, Budinova 67/2, 180 81, Prague 8-Liben, Czech Republic
| | - Petros Christodoulou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Na Bulovce Hospital, Budinova 67/2, 180 81, Prague 8-Liben, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Sedlář
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bačáková
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Lucchina
- Hand Unit, General Surgery Department, Locarno's Regional Hospital, Via Ospedale 1, 6600, Locarno, Switzerland
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Invited Response on: The Influence of Low and High-Negative-Pressure Liposuction and Different Harvesting Sites on the Viability and Yield of Adipocytes and Other Nucleated Cells. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 46:35-36. [PMID: 34379156 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nemir S, Hanson SE, Chu CK. Surgical Decision Making in Autologous Fat Grafting: An Evidence-Based Review of Techniques to Maximize Fat Survival. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:S3-S15. [PMID: 34002765 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is an important tool in plastic surgery and is widely used for a variety of applications, both aesthetic and reconstructive. Despite an ever-increasing list of indications and extensive research over many years into improving outcomes, fat grafting remains plagued by incomplete and often unpredictable graft survival. Decisions made at each stage of surgery can potentially contribute to ultimate success, including donor site selection and preparation, fat harvest, processing, and purification of lipoaspirate, recipient site preparation, and delivery of harvested fat to the recipient site. In this review, we examine the evidence for and against proposed techniques at each stage of fat grafting. Areas of consensus identified include use of larger harvesting and grafting cannulas and slow injection speeds to limit cell damage due to shearing forces, grafting techniques emphasizing dispersion of fat throughout the tissue with avoidance of graft pooling, and minimizing exposure of the lipoaspirate to the environment during processing. Safety considerations include use of blunt-tipped needles or cannulas to avoid inadvertent intravascular injection as well as awareness of cannula position and avoidance of danger zones such as the subgluteal venous plexus. We believe that using the evidence to guide surgical decision-making is the key to maximizing fat grafting success. Level of Evidence: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nemir
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Summer E Hanson
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carrie K Chu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Valizadeh A, Asghari S, Bastani S, Sarvari R, Keyhanvar N, Razin SJ, Khiabani AY, Yousefi B, Yousefi M, Shoae-Hassani A, Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Tavakol S, Keshel SH, Nouri M, Seifalian AM, Keyhanvar P. Will stem cells from fat and growth factors from blood bring new hope to female patients with reproductive disorders? Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100472. [PMID: 33639342 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Female reproductive system disorders (FRSD) with or without infertility are prevalent women's health problems with a variety of treatment approaches including surgery and hormone therapy. It currently considering to sub-branch of regenerative medicine including stem cells or growth factors injection-based delivery treatment might be improved female reproductive health life. The most common products used for these patients treatment are autologous cell or platelet-based products from patients, including platelet-rich plasma, plasma rich in growth factor, platelet-rich fibrin, and stromal vascular fraction. In this review, we discuss each of the above products used in treatment of FRSD and critically evaluate the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Asghari
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bastani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raana Sarvari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Keyhanvar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Gene Yakhteh Keyhan (Genik) Company (Ltd), Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Incubator, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; ARTAN1100 Startup Accelerator, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Jalilzadeh Razin
- Stem Cell Research Center, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Yousefzadeh Khiabani
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Shoae-Hassani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Andam Baft Yakhteh (ABY) Company (Ltd), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; ARTAN1100 Startup Accelerator, Tabriz, Iran; Zist Andam Yakhteh Azerbaijan (ZAYA) Company (PHT), Medical Instrument Technology Incubator, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alexander Marcus Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London Innovation Bio Science Centre, London NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Peyman Keyhanvar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; ARTAN1100 Startup Accelerator, Tabriz, Iran; Zist Andam Yakhteh Azerbaijan (ZAYA) Company (PHT), Medical Instrument Technology Incubator, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; HealthNBICS Group, Convergence of Knowledge and Technology to the benefit of Society Network (CKTSN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran.
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The Influence of Negative Pressure and of the Harvesting Site on the Characteristics of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells from Lipoaspirates. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:1016231. [PMID: 32104182 PMCID: PMC7035580 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1016231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have great potential for cell-based therapies, including tissue engineering. However, various factors can influence the characteristics of isolated ADSCs. Methods We studied the influence of the harvesting site, i.e., inner thigh (n = 3), outer thigh (n = 3), outer thigh (n = 3), outer thigh ( Results We revealed higher initial cell yields from the outer thigh region than from the abdomen region. Negative pressure did not influence the cell yields from the outer thigh region, whereas the yields from the abdomen region were higher under high negative pressure than under low negative pressure. In the subsequent passage, in general, no significant relationship was identified between the different negative pressure and ADSC characteristics. No significant difference was observed in the characteristics of thigh ADSCs and abdomen ADSCs. Only on day 1, the diameter was significantly bigger in outer thigh ADSCs than in abdomen ADSCs. Moreover, we noted a tendency of thigh ADSCs (i.e., inner thigh+outer thigh) to reach a higher cell number on day 7. Discussion. The harvesting site and negative pressure can potentially influence initial cell yields from lipoaspirates. However, for subsequent in vitro culturing and for use in tissue engineering, it seems that the harvesting site and the level of negative pressure do not have a crucial or limiting effect on basic ADSC characteristics.in vitro culturing and for use in tissue engineering, it seems that the harvesting site and the level of negative pressure do not have a crucial or limiting effect on basic ADSC characteristics.
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Papadopulos NA, Wigand S, Kuntz N, Piringer M, Machens HG, Klüter H, Bieback K, Karagianni M. The Impact of Harvesting Systems and Donor Characteristics on Viability of Nucleated Cells in Adipose Tissue: A First Step Towards a Manufacturing Process. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:716-720. [PMID: 30817533 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue contains an abundant population of mesenchymal stromal cells (= adipose stromal cells [ASC]) with multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory and trophic potential promising for cell-based therapies. Although intensely investigated in pre- and clinical studies, little is known about the impact of donor characteristics on the viability of ASC. To correlate patient data to the quality of processed adipose tissue and to establish a first step towards a manufacturing process for cell therapy, we evaluated the effects of 2 harvesting systems (LipiVage, TTF-System) and donor characteristics on cell viability of nucleated cells in a cohort of 44 samples obtained from 17 donors.The impact of donor-specific factors (localization, age, body-mass-index, chronic diseases, intake of drugs, nicotine consumption or disorders of the thyroid gland) and the harvesting system on nucleated cell (NC) counts and viability of processed lipoaspirates were statistically analyzed.Increasing age has a significant positive influence on NC viability (P = 0.001). Donors with intake of thyroid hormones based on a hypothyroidism and suctioned with the LipiVage-System reached a significantly higher viability of NC (P = 0.038). No statistical difference was shown between the 2 harvesting-systems (P = 0.338) and the donor sites (P = 0.294).We focused on a potential correlation between NC viability and donor characteristics. Based on the donor cohort investigated in this study, cells from elderly patients suctioned with the LipiVage-System and taking thyroid hormones yielded cells of higher viability, suggesting an improved quality for subsequent manufacturing procedures. Further investigations are necessary to understand and correlate this data to ASC in vitro characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Papadopulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery & Hand Surgery.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Alexandroupoli University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
| | - Marianna Karagianni
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
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The Effect of Liposuction Cannula Diameter on Fat Retention-Based on a Rheological Simulation. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2018; 6:e2021. [PMID: 30881807 PMCID: PMC6414129 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Autologous fat is considered as an ideal material for soft-tissue augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The primary drawback of autologous fat grafting is the high absorption rate, thus fat retention is considered as an essential indicator. There are several researches about the factors that can influence fat retention, including centrifugation and cannula size. However, rheological models of cannula during liposuction are limited. This research focuses on the effects of cannulas with diameters of 2 mm and 2.5 mm on fat retention, which is based on a rheological simulation of inlet pressure and maximum velocity. Experiments on mice were also conducted to confirm the result from the simulation. Methods: A simulation was conducted with the physical parameters of the adipose tissue. Human lipoaspirate samples were obtained from patients by liposuction through cannulas of different diameters and were transferred into subcutaneous tissue of nude mice, a part of which were used in viscosity and density measurement. Graft retention was measured and fat quality was assessed through histologic analysis after 6 months. Results: Viscosity and density of the fat tissue had significant effects on fat retention. The 2.5 mm diameter cannula had significantly lower inlet pressure and maximum velocity and thus led to higher graft retention, but oil cystic nodules appeared meanwhile. Conclusions: Cannulas with larger diameters have lower inlet pressure and maximum velocity during the liposuction process, which further influences the viability of adipocytes and adipose stem cells and thus has larger fat graft retention. This research built a mathematical model with less bias than in vivo experiments and provides a general way for analyzing the outcome of a liposuction precisely, which adds to the data for cannula optimization.
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Trávníčková M, Bačáková L. Application of adult mesenchymal stem cells in bone and vascular tissue engineering. Physiol Res 2018; 67:831-850. [PMID: 30204468 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a very promising field of regenerative medicine. Life expectancy has been increasing, and tissue replacement is increasingly needed in patients suffering from various degenerative disorders of the organs. The use of adult mesenchymal stem cells (e.g. from adipose tissue or from bone marrow) in tissue engineering seems to be a promising approach for tissue replacements. Clinical applications can make direct use of the large secretome of these cells, which can have a positive influence on other cells around. Another advantage of adult mesenchymal stem cells is the possibility to differentiate them into various mature cells via appropriate culture conditions (i.e. medium composition, biomaterial properties, and dynamic conditions). This review is focused on current and future ways to carry out tissue replacement of damaged bones and blood vessels, especially with the use of suitable adult mesenchymal stem cells as a potential source of differentiated mature cells that can later be used for tissue replacement. The advantages and disadvantages of different stem cell sources are discussed, with a main focus on adipose-derived stem cells. Patient factors that can influence later clinical applications are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trávníčková
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Bright B, Bright R, Bright P, Limaye A. Ankylosing spondylitis, chronic fatigue and depression improved after stromal vascular fraction treatment for osteoarthritis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:238. [PMID: 30153860 PMCID: PMC6114853 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is a prevalent chronic disease that impacts quality of life and imposes a heavy economic burden. Despite this there is no confirmed treatment that could prevent progressive destruction of osteoarthritic joints. Mesenchymal stem cells with their regenerative and immunosuppressive properties have emerged as a potential therapy. Case presentation This case study describes the impact of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction treatment on a 27-year-old Australian woman with osteoarthritis and multiple comorbidities of ankylosing spondylitis, chronic pain syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Following standardized stromal vascular fraction treatment protocols for osteoarthritis of her hips and knee, the functional status of her hips was measured by Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at 3 months, 6 months, and 3 years. Conclusions Our patient showed dramatic improvements to her quality of life and symptoms of osteoarthritis were reduced. Interestingly, along with improvements in her knee and hips her other comorbidities such as ankylosing spondylitis, depression, anxiety, and fatigue exhibited marked improvement. She ceased the use of a wheelchair and walking support and, with increased mobility, had gained independence. These findings are suggestive of the therapeutic effects of stromal vascular fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Bright
- Macquarie Stem Cells, 21b Bathurst Street, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Ralph Bright
- Macquarie Stem Cells, 21b Bathurst Street, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Pelin Bright
- Macquarie Stem Cells, 21b Bathurst Street, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Amita Limaye
- Macquarie Stem Cells, 21b Bathurst Street, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue in Clinical Applications for Dermatological Indications and Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010208. [PMID: 28117680 PMCID: PMC5297838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Operating at multiple levels of control, mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSCs) communicate with organ systems to adjust immune response, provide signals for differentiation, migration, enzymatic reactions, and to equilibrate the regenerative demands of balanced tissue homeostasis. The identification of the mechanisms by which ADSCs accomplish these functions for dermatological rejuvenation and wound healing has great potential to identify novel targets for the treatment of disorders and combat aging. Herein, we review new insights into the role of adipose-derived stem cells in the maintenance of dermal and epidermal homeostasis, and recent advances in clinical applications of ADSCs related to dermatology.
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