Funnel usefulness in direct-to-implant breast reconstruction using periareolar incision with prepectoral implant placement and complete coverage with acellular dermal matrix

Delivery technique for the pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap

The pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is often used during breast reconstruction. After completely elevating the flap, a medial tunnel is created to connect the dissection area to the mastectomy defect. This tunnel should typically accommodate four of the surgeon’s fingers, although this may vary depending on flap volume. Wider tunneling facilitates flap delivery, but can damage the breast and inframammary fold. Therefore, we introduce a technique to move the flap easily and safely through a small tunnel. During breast reconstruction using a pedicled TRAM flap, a tunnel was made in the mastectomy defect along the meridian of the breast. This tunnel accommodated a width of three of the surgeon’s fingers (6 cm). After completely elevating the flap, it was inserted into a funnel with an inner surface made of polymeric vinyl and a hydrophilic coating. The flap was propelled into the mastectomy defect via the funnel. Our novel technique for pedicled TRAM flap delivery using a funnel was easy and safe, and it is deemed to be suitable for delivering a pedicled TRAM flap.

Influence of Irradiation on Capsules of Silicone Implants Covered with Acellular Dermal Matrix in Mice

BACKGROUND

In advanced breast cancer, radiotherapy is recommended as adjuvant therapy following breast reconstructive surgery. This inevitably led to growing concerns over possible complications of radiotherapy on implants. In this experimental animal study, we investigated the utility of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) wraps around implants as preventive management for radiotherapy complications.

METHODS

Black mice (C57NL6; n = 32) were assigned to groups that either received radiation or did not: groups A and B underwent surgery using implants without radiotherapy; while groups C and D underwent surgery using implants with radiotherapy for one and three months, respectively. The hemispheric silicone implants with an 0.8-cm-diameter were inserted on the left back of each mouse, and implants wrapped by ADM were inserted on the right back. The Clinic 23EX LINAC model was used for irradiation at 10 Gy. The samples were evaluated by gross assessment, histological analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, and the Western blotting test.

RESULTS

The H&E staining analysis showed that membrane thickness is smallest in group A, followed by groups C, D, and B. In a Masson trichrome histological analysis, collagen fibers became less dense and more widespread over time in the groups that received an ADM. Immunohistochemistry findings were similarly constant. However, the expression of TGF-β1 was increased in the irradiated groups, whereas it was decreased in the non-irradiated groups as observed over time.

CONCLUSIONS

Radiotherapy was shown to increase risk factors for capsular contracture, including inflammatory response, pseudoepithelium, thinning of membrane, and TGF-β1 expression over time; however, the accompanying framework using an ADM as a barrier between implant and tissue was shown to be effective in alleviating these risks.

NO LEVEL ASSIGNED

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