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Ciardullo C, Aptullahoglu E, Woodhouse L, Lin WY, Wallis JP, Marr H, Marshall S, Bown N, Willmore E, Lunec J. Non-genotoxic MDM2 inhibition selectively induces a pro-apoptotic p53 gene signature in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Haematologica 2019; 104:2429-2442. [PMID: 31004033 PMCID: PMC6959162 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy. In approximately 90% of cases the TP53 gene is in its wildtype state at diagnosis of this malignancy. As mouse double-minute-2 homolog (MDM2) is a primary repressor of p53, targeting this protein is an attractive therapeutic approach for non-genotoxic reactivation of p53. Since the discovery of the first MDM2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3a, newer potent and bioavailable compounds have been developed. In this study we tested the second-generation MDM2 inhibitor, RG7388, in patient-derived CLL cells and normal cells, examining its effect on the induction of p53-transcriptional targets. RG7388 potently decreased viability in p53-functional CLL cells, whereas p53-non-functional samples were more resistant to the drug. RG7388 induced a pro-apoptotic gene expression signature with upregulation of p53-target genes involved in the intrinsic (PUMA, BAX) and extrinsic (TNFRSF10B, FAS) pathways of apoptosis, as well as MDM2. Only a slight induction of CDKN1A was observed and upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes dominated, indicating that CLL cells are primed for p53-dependent apoptosis. Consequently, RG7388 led to a concentration-dependent increase in caspase-3/7 activity and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Importantly, we observed a preferential pro-apoptotic signature in CLL cells but not in normal blood and bone marrow cells, including CD34+ hematopoietic cells. These data support the further evaluation of MDM2 inhibitors as a novel additional treatment option for patients with p53-functional CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Ciardullo
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Erhan Aptullahoglu
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Laura Woodhouse
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Jonathan P Wallis
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Helen Marr
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Scott Marshall
- Department of Haematology, City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland
| | - Nick Bown
- Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elaine Willmore
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - John Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
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Kubczak M, Szustka A, Błoński JZ, Gucký T, Misiewicz M, Krystof V, Robak P, Rogalińska M. Dose and drug changes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell response in vitro: A comparison of standard therapy regimens with two novel cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitors. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3593-3603. [PMID: 30864706 PMCID: PMC6470834 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment is improving; however, some patients do not respond to therapy. Due to the high heterogeneity in disease development, there is an urgent need for personalization of therapy. In the present study, the response of leukemic mononuclear cells to anticancer drugs used for CLL treatment (cladribine + mafosfamide; CM or CM combined with rituximab; RCM) was compared with the response to new cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors: BP14 and BP30. Viable apoptotic and necrotic cells were quantified by flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Yo-Pro stains. CDK inhibitors were studied in several doses to determine the reduction of necrosis and simultaneous increase of apoptosis in leukemic cell incubations with anticancer agents. The distinct cell response to applied doses/anticancer agents was observed. Results obtained in the current manuscript confirmed that modulation of doses is important. This was particularly indicated in results obtained at 24 h of cells incubation with anticancer agent. While an important time for analysis of anticancer response efficacy (monitoring of apoptosis induction potential) seems to be 48 h of cells exposition to anticancer agents. High variability in response to the drugs revealed that both the nature and the dose of the anticancer agents could be important in the final effect of the therapy. The present findings support the thesis that personalized medicine, before drug administration in the clinic, could be important to avoid the application of ineffective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kubczak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90‑236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szustka
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90‑236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Z Błoński
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93‑510 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomaš Gucký
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladmir Krystof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Paweł Robak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93‑510 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rogalińska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90‑236 Lodz, Poland
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Ayatollahi A, Rahmati J, Salimi A, Pourahmad J. A Comparison of Cytotoxic Effects of Mangifera Indica L. and Juglans RegiaAqueous Extract on Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:1843-1853. [PMID: 32184851 PMCID: PMC7059048 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.111977.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural products isolated from plant sources are well known for their pharmacological potential in diversity of disease treatments such as inflammatory or cancer conditions. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Juglans regia are thought to be rich of functional phytochemicals. To clarify the anticancer activity, aqueous extracts of Juglans regia (JR) nut and Mangifera indica L (MI) fruit were exanimated on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B lymphocytes and their mitochondria and the results were compared with those of normal B lymphocytes. Cellular parameters such as viability and caspase 3 activity, and mitochondrial parameters such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that the extract of Mangifera indica L increased cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation through mitochondria pathway only in CLL B lymphocytes and also the extract of Juglans regia did not show cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation on CLL and healthy B lymphocytes. Our in-vitro findings on isolated mitochondria indicated that mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, and mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release were significantly (p < 0.05) increased after addition of Mangifera indica only in cancerous mitochondria. These results demonstrated that Mangifera indica can act as a promising source for anti-cancer drug candidates by directly and selectively targeting mitochondria and inducing selective mitochondria mediated apoptosis on CLL B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollmajid Ayatollahi
- School of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jalil Rahmati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu R, Yu X, Su C, Shi Y, Zhao L. Nanoparticle Delivery of Artesunate Enhances the Anti-tumor Efficiency by Activating Mitochondria-Mediated Cell Apoptosis. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:403. [PMID: 28610396 PMCID: PMC5468175 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives were considered to exert a broad spectrum of anti-cancer activities, and they induced significant anti-cancer effects in tumor cells. Artemisinin and its derivatives could be absorbed quickly, and they were widely distributed, selectively killing tumor cells. Since low concentrations of artesunate primarily depended on oncosis to induce cell death in tumor cells, its anti-tumor effects were undesirable and limited. To obtain better anti-tumor effects, in this study, we took advantage of a new nanotechnology to design novel artesunate-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles to achieve the mitochondrial accumulation of artesunate and induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. The results showed that when compared with free artesunate's reliance on oncotic death, artesunate-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles showed higher cytotoxicity and their significant apoptotic effects were induced through the distribution of artesunate in the mitochondria. This finding indicated that artesunate-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles damaged the mitochondrial integrity and activated mitochondrial-mediated cell apoptosis by upregulating apoptosis-related proteins and facilitating the rapid release of cytochrome C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
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Besbes S, Pocard M, Mirshahi M, Billard C. The first MCL-1-selective BH3 mimetics have therapeutic potential for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:32-6. [PMID: 26899021 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule BH3 mimetics are designed to mimic the BH3 domain of BH3-only BCL-2 family members which are antagonists of the prosurvival members (such as BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1). The BH3 mimetics are intended to bind with high affinity to prosurvival proteins, in order to inhibit their functional activity and hence to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Both navitoclax (BCL-2/BCL-XL antagonist) and ABT-199/venetoclax (BCL-2-selective inhibitor) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy especially in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, these BH3 mimetics cannot antagonize the prosurvival protein MCL-1 that is overexpressed and involved in therapeutic resistance in CLL. Furthermore, until now, none of the reported small-molecule MCL-1 inhibitors bound to their target with high affinity. The first MCL-1-selective BH3 mimetics capable of high-affinity binding and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells through an on-target mechanism have just been identified. This discovery should advance the translational research to implement novel drugs in treating CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaher Besbes
- INSERM U 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 Bd de la Chapelle, 750010 Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marc Pocard
- INSERM U 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 Bd de la Chapelle, 750010 Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Massoud Mirshahi
- INSERM U 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 Bd de la Chapelle, 750010 Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Christian Billard
- INSERM U 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 Bd de la Chapelle, 750010 Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.
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Salimi A, Roudkenar MH, Sadeghi L, Mohseni A, Seydi E, Pirahmadi N, Pourahmad J. Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound, selectively induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancerous B-lymphocytes of CLL patients by directly targeting mitochondria. Redox Biol 2015; 6:461-471. [PMID: 26418626 PMCID: PMC4588415 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects ofellagic acid (EA) on the cytotoxicity, B-lymphocytes isolated from CLL patients and healthy individuals. Flow cytometric assay was used to measure the percentage of apoptosis versus necrosis, intracellular active oxygen radicals (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the caspase-3 activity and then mitochondria were isolated from both groups B-lymphocytes and parameters of mitochondrial toxicity was investigated. Based on our results EA decreased the percentage of viable cells and induced apoptosis. EA increased ROS formation, mitochondria swelling, MMP decrease and cytochrome c release in mitochondria isolated from CLL BUT NOT healthy B-lymphocytes while pre-treatment with cyclosporine A and Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) prevented these effects. Our results suggest that EA can act as an anti cancer candidate by directly and selectively targeting mitochondria could induce apoptosis through mitochondria pathway with increasing ROS production which finally ends in cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation and apoptosis in cancerous B-lymphocytes isolated from CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Sadeghi
- Shohadaye Tajrish Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahal Pirahmadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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