Why do we not have more drugs approved for MDS? A critical viewpoint on novel drug development in MDS

Latest Insights and Therapeutic Advances in Myelodysplastic Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDSs) encompass a range of hematopoietic malignancies, commonly affecting elderly individuals. Molecular alterations in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment drive disease pathogenesis. Recent advancements in genomic profiling have provided valuable insights into the biological underpinnings of MDSs and have expanded therapeutic options, particularly for specific molecularly defined subgroups. This review highlights the diagnostic principles, classification updates, prognostic stratification systems, and novel treatments, which could inform future clinical trials and enhance the management of adult MDS patients, particularly for specific molecularly defined subgroups.

Myelodysplastic syndrome with IgG4‑related disease: A case report

At present, to the best of our knowledge, there are only a few case reports of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involving myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), yet the incidence of MDS and IgG4-RD is increasing in middle-aged and elderly people. The present study presents a case of MDS combined with IgG4-RD admitted to Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine in September 2022. The (66-year-old; male) patient was admitted to the hospital due to hematopenia with an elevated IgG4 index. The diagnosis of MDS combined with IgG4-RD was confirmed after various exams, including pathological examination. The condition of the patient improved after 3 weeks of hormone therapy, with a significant increase in complete blood count compared with the pre-treatment period. MDS is a malignant hematological disorder with a high risk of conversion to leukemia, and IgG4-RD is a systemic immune-mediated disease with a poor prognosis often associated with malignancy. The present study presents and reviews the literature to better understand the coexistence of these two diseases.