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Jiang G, Huang C, Harrison W, Li H, Zhou M, Zhao H. Ene Reductase Enabled Intramolecular β-C-H Functionalization of Substituted Cyclohexanones for Efficient Synthesis of Bridged Bicyclic Nitrogen Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302125. [PMID: 37002909 PMCID: PMC10222568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report that ene reductases (EREDs) can facilitate an unprecedented intramolecular β-C-H functionalization reaction for the synthesis of bridged bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles containing the 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold. To streamline the synthesis of these privileged motifs, we developed a gram-scale one-pot chemoenzymatic cascade by combining iridium photocatalysis with EREDs, using readily available N-phenylglycines and cyclohexenones that can be obtained from biomass. Further derivatization using enzymatic or chemical methods can convert 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one into 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3α-ols, which can be potentially utilized for the synthesis of azaprophen and its analogues for drug discovery. Mechanistic studies revealed the reaction requires oxygen, presumably to produce oxidized flavin, which can selectively dehydrogenate the 3-substituted cyclohexanone derivatives to form the α,β-unsaturated ketone, which subsequently undergoes spontaneous intramolecular aza-Michael addition under basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangde Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chunshuai Huang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wesley Harrison
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Megan Zhou
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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2
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Biswas S, Van Steijvoort BF, Waeterschoot M, Bheemireddy NR, Evano G, Maes BUW. Expedient Synthesis of Bridged Bicyclic Nitrogen Scaffolds via Orthogonal Tandem Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21988-21996. [PMID: 34143924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bridged nitrogen bicyclic skeletons have been accessed via unprecedented site- and diastereoselective orthogonal tandem catalysis from readily accessible reactants in a step economic manner. Directed Pd-catalyzed γ-C(sp3 )-H olefination of aminocyclohexane with gem-dibromoalkenes, followed by a consecutive intramolecular Cu-catalyzed amidation of the 1-bromo-1-alkenylated product delivers the interesting normorphan skeleton. The tandem protocol can be applied on substituted aminocyclohexanes and aminoheterocycles, easily providing access to the corresponding substituted, aza- and oxa-analogues. The Cu catalyst of the Ullmann-Goldberg reaction additionally avoids off-cycle Pd catalyst scavenging by alkenylated reaction product. The picolinamide directing group stabilizes the enamine of the 7-alkylidenenormorphan, allowing further product post functionalizations. Without Cu catalyst, regio- and diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed γ-C(sp3 )-H olefination is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Biswas
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ben F Van Steijvoort
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marjo Waeterschoot
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Biswas S, Van Steijvoort BF, Waeterschoot M, Bheemireddy NR, Evano G, Maes BUW. Expedient Synthesis of Bridged Bicyclic Nitrogen Scaffolds via Orthogonal Tandem Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Biswas
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Ben F. Van Steijvoort
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Marjo Waeterschoot
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | | | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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4
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Gomez-Angel AR, Donald JR, Firth JD, De Fusco C, Ian Storer R, Cox DJ, O’Brien P. Synthesis and functionalisation of a bifunctional normorphan 3D building block for medicinal chemistry. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5
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Weck C, Obst F, Nauha E, Schofield CJ, Gruber T. Synthesis of a bicyclic oxo-γ-lactam from a simple caprolactam derivative. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02348k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of caprolactams with an axial ester substituent with base gives the 6-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane ring system via Dieckmann cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
- Freiberg/Sachsen
- Germany
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Franziska Obst
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
- Freiberg/Sachsen
- Germany
| | - Elisa Nauha
- School of Chemistry
- University of Lincoln
- Joseph Banks Laboratories
- Lincoln LN6 7DL
- UK
| | | | - Tobias Gruber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
- Freiberg/Sachsen
- Germany
- School of Pharmacy
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6
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Diaba F, Montiel JA, Serban G, Bonjoch J. Synthesis of Normorphans through an Efficient Intramolecular Carbamoylation of Ketones. Org Lett 2015. [PMID: 26197207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected C-C bond cleavage was observed in trichloroacetamide-tethered ketones under amine treatment and exploited to develop a new synthesis of normophans from 4-amidocyclohexanones. The reaction involves an unprecedented intramolecular haloform-type reaction of trichloroacetamides promoted by enamines (generated in situ from ketones) as counter-reagents. The methodology was applied to the synthesis of compounds embodying the 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faïza Diaba
- †Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan A Montiel
- †Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgeta Serban
- ‡Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Nicolae Jiaga 29, 410028-Oradea, Romania
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- †Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Betou M, Male L, Steed JW, Grainger RS. Carbamoyl radical-mediated synthesis and semipinacol rearrangement of β-lactam diols. Chemistry 2014; 20:6505-17. [PMID: 24711140 PMCID: PMC4320754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In an approach to the biologically important 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system, the scope of the tandem 4-exo-trig carbamoyl radical cyclization-dithiocarbamate group transfer reaction to ring-fused β-lactams is evaluated. β-Lactams fused to five-, six-, and seven-membered rings are prepared in good to excellent yield, and with moderate to complete control at the newly formed dithiocarbamate stereocentre. No cyclization is observed with an additional methyl substituent on the terminus of the double bond. Elimination of the dithiocarbamate group gives α,β- or β,γ-unsaturated lactams depending on both the methodology employed (base-mediated or thermal) and the nature of the carbocycle fused to the β-lactam. Fused β-lactam diols, obtained from catalytic OsO4-mediated dihydroxylation of α,β-unsaturated β-lactams, undergo semipinacol rearrangement via the corresponding cyclic sulfite or phosphorane to give keto-bridged bicyclic amides by exclusive N-acyl group migration. A monocyclic β-lactam diol undergoes Appel reaction at a primary alcohol in preference to semipinacol rearrangement. Preliminary investigations into the chemo- and stereoselective manipulation of the two carbonyl groups present in a representative 7,8-dioxo-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane rearrangement product are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Betou
- School of Chemistry, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (UK)
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (UK)
| | - Jonathan W Steed
- Department of Chemistry, Durham UniversitySouth Road, Durham DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Richard S Grainger
- School of Chemistry, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (UK)
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8
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Zefirova ON, Zefirov NS. Targeted application of bridged fragments in the design of physiologically active compounds. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Schütznerová E, Oliver AG, Zajíček J, Krchňák V. Polymer-Supported Stereoselective Synthesis of (1S,5S)-6-Oxa-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Grainger RS, Betou M, Male L, Pitak MB, Coles SJ. Semipinacol Rearrangement of Cis-Fused β-Lactam Diols into Keto-Bridged Bicyclic Lactams. Org Lett 2012; 14:2234-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300605y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Grainger
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K., and National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Marie Betou
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K., and National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K., and National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Mateusz B. Pitak
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K., and National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K., and National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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11
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Singular value decomposition analysis of the torsional angles of dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR 12909 analogs: effect of force field and charges. J Mol Model 2010; 17:1343-51. [PMID: 20839021 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis of large, flexible molecules, such as the dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR 12909 (1), is complicated by the fact that they can take on a wide range of closely-related conformations. The first step in the analysis is to classify the conformers into groups. Over 600 conformers each of a piperazine (2) and piperidine (3) analog of 1 were generated by random search conformational analysis using the Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFF94). Singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to group the conformers of 2 and 3 by the similarity of their non-ring torsional angles. SVD uncovered subtle differences in their conformer populations due to that fact that the conformers separate along different principal components, and ultimately to the fact that different torsional angles are the chief contributors to these components. The results were compared to our previous SVD analysis (Fiorentino, et al., Journal of Computational Chemistry, 2006, 27, 609-620) of conformer populations of 2 and 3 generated by the Tripos force field and Gasteiger-Hückel charges. Except for the dominant contribution of angle B3 to principal component 8 seen with both force fields, the angles which are chiefly responsible for the grouping of the conformers of 2 and 3 are different with both force fields. This illustrates that SVD is useful in identifying unique groupings of conformers in large data sets of flexible molecules-a first step in selecting representative conformers for 3D-QSAR modeling studies.
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12
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Sladojevich F, Trabocchi A, Guarna A. Stereoselective cyclopropanation of serine- and threonine-derived oxazines to access new morpholine-based scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3328-36. [PMID: 18802639 DOI: 10.1039/b808895k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for the synthesis of novel, orthogonally protected scaffolds based on the unique 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane structure is presented. The described reaction sequence takes advantage of easily available starting materials such as serine and threonine and leads to stereochemically dense structures in few, high-yielding synthetic steps. We show how the stereochemistry can be easily tuned by starting from different beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino acids and also by means of a transition metal-catalyzed cyclopropanation step. The compounds find application as constrained templates for the construction of geometrically diversified libraries of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Sladojevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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13
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Zanardi F, Curti C, Sartori A, Rassu G, Roggio A, Battistini L, Burreddu P, Pinna L, Pelosi G, Casiraghi G. Further Uses of Pyrrole-Based Dienoxysilane Synthons: A Full Aldol Approach to Azabicyclo[x.2.1]alkane Systems. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Pulipaka AB, Bergmeier SC. A Synthesis of 6-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes. The Role of N-Substitution. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1462-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702444c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aravinda B. Pulipaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Stephen C. Bergmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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Masschelein KG, Stevens CV, Dieltiens N, Claeys DD. Exploiting the regioselectivity of pyroglutamate alkylations for the synthesis of 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and 4-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Cini N, Danieli E, Menchi G, Trabocchi A, Bottoncetti A, Raspanti S, Pupi A, Guarna A. 3-Aza-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes as new enantiopure heteroatom-rich tropane-like ligands of human dopamine transporter. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5110-20. [PMID: 16678430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CNS diseases such as Parkinson, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a significant alteration of dopamine transporter (DAT) density. Thus, the development of compounds that are able to selectively interact with DAT is of great interest. Herein we describe the design and synthesis of a new set of 3-aza-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes having a tropane-like structure with additional heteroatoms at positions 3 and 6. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro receptor binding properties toward human dopamine (hDAT) and serotonin (hSERT) transporters using [3H]WIN35,428 and [3H]citalopram as specific radioligands, respectively. Biological assays revealed that some compounds having the N-3 atom substituted with aryl groups possess significant affinity and selectivity for monoamine transporters, and in particular, compound 5d displayed an IC50 of 21 nM toward DAT, and a good selectivity toward SERT (IC50=1042 nM). These results suggest that 3-aryl-3-aza-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes may represent a new class of DAT ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cini
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Unità di Medicina Nucleare, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50134 Firenze, Italy
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Walter MW. Monoamine reuptake inhibitors: highlights of recent research developments. Drug Dev Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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