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Bhurta D, Bharate SB. Styryl Group, a Friend or Foe in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100706. [PMID: 35166041 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The styryl (Ph-CH=CH-R) group is widely represented in medicinally important compounds, including drugs, clinical candidates, and molecular probes as it positively impacts the lipophilicity, oral absorption, and biological activity. The analysis of matched molecular pairs (styryl vs. phenethyl, phenyl, methyl, H) for the biological activity indicates the superiority aspect of styryl compounds. However, the Michael acceptor site in the styryl group makes it amenable to the nucleophilic attack by biological nucleophiles and transformation to the toxic metabolites. One of the downsides of styryl compounds is isomerization that impacts the molecular conformation and directly affects biological activity. The impact of cis-trans isomerism and isosteric replacements on biological activity is exemplified. We also discuss the styryl group-bearing drugs, clinical candidates, and fluorescent probes. Overall, the present review reveals the utility of the styryl group in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deendyal Bhurta
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Natural Products and medicinal chemistry, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
| | - Sandip Bibishan Bharate
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine CSIR, Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
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2
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Noshita T, Sato T, Iwayama T, Yamada Y, Ouchi H. The proposed structures of phenolic compounds isolated from Piper betle L. differ from those of the compounds obtained by total synthesis. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:3787-3793. [PMID: 32174172 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1739038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe the syntheses of phenolic compounds, 4-[(1E, 3E, 5E)-6-(4-octyloxyphenyl)hexa-1,3,5-trien-1-yl]benzene-1,2-diol (1) and 3-(n-dodecyloxy) phenol (2), isolated from Piper betle. The triene moiety of 4-[(1E, 3E, 5E)-6-(4-octyloxyphenyl)hexa-1,3,5-trien-1-yl]benzene-1,2-diol was formed via two different methods, the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and the McMurry coupling reaction. The spectral data of synthesized compounds show differences with those of reported as the naturally occurring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Noshita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Takahito Iwayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ouchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Education, Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Zabrodskii PF, Gromov MS, Maslyakov VV. Changes in immunity parameters and blood cytokine concentrations after chronic nitrile acrylate intoxication. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 158:238-41. [PMID: 25435468 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Experiments on outbred albino rats showed that chronic nitrile acrylate intoxication (60 days, 0.05 LD50 per day subcutaneously) led to reduction of T-dependent humoral immune response (T-independent humoral immune response was less affected); parameters cell immunity were suppressed to a greater extent than parameters of humoral immune reactions. Equal attenuation of the functions of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes, decrease of the blood levels of immunoregulatory, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13), and decrease of acetyl cholinesterase activity in thymic and splenic T lymphocytes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Zabrodskii
- Saratov Affiliated Department of REAVIZ Samara Medical Institute, Saratov, Russia,
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4
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New method for the synthesis of substituted thieno[3,2-b]pyridines and 5H-pyrano[2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridines derived from them. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Peng Z, Maxwell DS, Sun D, Bhanu Prasad BA, Schuber PT, Pal A, Ying Y, Han D, Gao L, Wang S, Levitzki A, Kapuria V, Talpaz M, Young M, Showalter HD, Donato NJ, Bornmann WG. Degrasyn-like symmetrical compounds: possible therapeutic agents for multiple myeloma (MM-I). Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1450-8. [PMID: 24457091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of degrasyn-like symmetrical compounds have been designed, synthesized, and screened against B cell malignancy (multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma) cell lines. The lead compounds T5165804 and CP2005 showed higher nanomolar potency against these tumor cells in comparison to degrasyn and inhibited Usp9x activity in vitro and in intact cells. These observations suggest that this new class of compounds holds promise as cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Peng
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - David S Maxwell
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Duoli Sun
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Basvoju A Bhanu Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Paul T Schuber
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ashutosh Pal
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Yunming Ying
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Dongmei Han
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Liwei Gao
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Shimei Wang
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vaibhav Kapuria
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States
| | - Matthew Young
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States
| | - Hollis D Showalter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States
| | - William G Bornmann
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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New regio-selective method of combinatorial synthesis of substituted thiophenes, thieno[3,2-b]pyridines and other heterocycles via combination of ‘domino’-type reactions. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Tyrphostin-like compounds with ubiquitin modulatory activity as possible therapeutic agents for multiple myeloma. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7194-204. [PMID: 22036213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of developing small molecules as novel regulators of signal transduction and apoptosis, a series of tyrphostin-like compounds were synthesized and screened for their activity against MM-1 (multiple myeloma) cells and other cell lines representing this malignancy. Synthesis was completed in solution-phase initially and then adopted to solid-phase for generating a more diverse set of compounds. A positive correlation was noted between compounds capable of inducing apoptosis and their modulation of protein ubiquitination. Further analysis suggested that ubiquitin modulation occurs through inhibition of cellular deubiquitinase activity. Bulky groups on the sidechain near the α,β-unsaturated ketone caused a complete loss of activity, whereas cyclization on the opposite side was tolerated. Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/LACV3P(∗∗) level were completed on each molecule, and the resulting molecular orbitals and Fukui reactivity values for C(β) carbon were utilized in developing a model to explain the compound activity.
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Lam SH, Lee SS. Unusual stilbenoids and a stilbenolignan from seeds of Syagrus romanzoffiana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:792-797. [PMID: 20156629 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenoids, syagrusins A-B (1-2), and a stilbenolignan, 5-hydroxyaiphanol (3), along with three known phenylpropanoids (4-6), were isolated from seeds of Syagrus romanzoffiana. Compounds 1 and 2 possess unusual 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydrofluoren-9-one and bicyclo[3.3.0]octanedione skeletons, respectively, whereas compound 3 is a stilbenolignan belonging to a very rare structural class of plant secondary metabolites. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase with IC(50) values of 16.9 microM (1), 23.7 microM (2) and 12.8 microM (3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sio-Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Houghton SR, Furst L, Boddy CN. Biomimetic transannular oxa-conjugate addition approach to the 2,6-disubstituted dihydropyran of laulimalide yields an unprecedented transannular oxetane. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1454-63. [PMID: 19159194 DOI: 10.1021/jo8023494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2,6-Disubstituted dihydropyrans are a common feature in many bioactive polyketides, including the anticancer marine polyketide laulimalide. While much of the uncharacterized biosynthetic pathway for laulimalide can be confidently postulated, the biosynthetic origins of the trans 2,6-disubstituted dihydropyran cannot. We hypothesize that a transannular oxa-conjugate addition in a macrocyclic laulimalide precursor could be the origin of the 2,6-dihydropyran. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a model containing the key functional groups for oxa-conjugate addition-mediated dihydropyran formation. Under acid-mediated conditions, the model under went regiospecific oxa-conjugate addition producing a stable trans oxetane as the only regioisomer. The desired, more stable dihydropyran was not detected. This unprecedented regiospecificity is unexpected due to the ring strain of the oxetane and the anticipated facile ring opening retro-oxa-conjugate addition. The oxetane is stable to acid and basic conditions, as are a number of literature acyclic oxetanes that could undergo similar retro-oxa-conjugate addition. While the source of the oxetane kinetic stability is yet to be characterized, it may enable general oxetane construction via oxa-conjugate addition. The more stable dihydropyran regioisomer could not be generated due to poor geometrical orbital alignment and hard-soft incompatibility between the hard oxygen nucleophile and the soft activated polyenoate electrophile. These factors disfavor the breaking of conjugation by oxa-conjugate addition. Based on these results we propose that dihydropyran formation does not occur on completed polyketide macrocycles as we had proposed but rather during polyketide biosynthesis on the growing polyketide chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Houghton
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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Price KE, Larrivée-Aboussafy C, Lillie BM, McLaughlin RW, Mustakis J, Hettenbach KW, Hawkins JM, Vaidyanathan R. Mild and Efficient DBU-Catalyzed Amidation of Cyanoacetates. Org Lett 2009; 11:2003-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900435t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E. Price
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | | | - Brett M. Lillie
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Robert W. McLaughlin
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Jason Mustakis
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Kevin W. Hettenbach
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Joel M. Hawkins
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Rajappa Vaidyanathan
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
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