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Mahmoud A, Toth I, Stephenson R. Developing an Effective Glycan‐Based Vaccine for
Streptococcus Pyogenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Mahmoud
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Woolloongabba Australia
- School of Pharmacy The Universitry of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- Institue for Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| | - Rachel Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
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Mahmoud A, Toth I, Stephenson R. Developing an Effective Glycan-based Vaccine for Streptococcus Pyogenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115342. [PMID: 34935243 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a primary infective agent that causes approximately 700 million human infections each year, resulting in more than 500,000 deaths. Carbohydrate-based vaccines are proven to be one of the most promising subunit vaccine candidates, as the bacterial glycan pattern(s) are different from mammalian cells and show increased pathogen serotype conservancy than the protein components. In this review we highlight reverse vaccinology for use in the development of subunit vaccines against S. pyogenes, and report reproducible methods of carbohydrate antigen production, in addition to the structure-immunogenicity correlation between group A carbohydrate epitopes and alternative vaccine antigen carrier systems. We also report recent advances used to overcome hurdles in carbohydrate-based vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Mahmoud
- The University of Queensland - Saint Lucia Campus: The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland - Saint Lucia Campus: The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Rachel Stephenson
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 4068, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA
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Daskhan GC, Tran HTT, Meloncelli PJ, Lowary TL, West LJ, Cairo CW. Construction of Multivalent Homo- and Heterofunctional ABO Blood Group Glycoconjugates Using a Trifunctional Linker Strategy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:343-362. [PMID: 29237123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of multivalent ligands displaying complex oligosaccharides is necessary for the development of therapeutics, diagnostics, and research tools. Here, we report an efficient conjugation strategy to prepare complex glycoconjugates with 4 copies of 1 or 2 separate glycan epitopes, providing 4-8 carbohydrate residues on a tetravalent poly(ethylene glycol) scaffold. This strategy provides complex glycoconjugates that approach the size of glycoproteins (15-18 kDa) while remaining well-defined. The synthetic strategy makes use of three orthogonal functional groups, including a reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester moiety on the linker to install the first carbohydrate epitope via reaction with an amine. A masked amine functionality on the linker is revealed after the removal of a fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protecting group, allowing the attachment to the NHS-activated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) scaffold. An azide group in the linker was then used to incorporate the second carbohydrate epitope via catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. Using a known tetravalent PEG scaffold (PDI, 1.025), we prepared homofunctional glycoconjugates that display four copies of lactose and the A-type II or the B-type II human blood group antigens. Using our trifunctional linker, we expanded this strategy to produce heterofunctional conjugates with four copies of two separate glycan epitopes. These heterofunctional conjugates included Neu5Ac, 3'-sialyllactose, or 6'-sialyllactose as a second antigen. Using an alternative strategy, we generated heterofunctional conjugates with three copies of the glycan epitope and one fluorescent group (on average) using a sequential dual-amine coupling strategy. These conjugation strategies should be easily generalized for conjugation of other complex glycans. We demonstrate that the glycan epitopes of heterofunctional conjugates engage and cluster target B-cell receptors and CD22 receptors on B cells, supporting the application of these reagents for investigating cellular response to carbohydrate antigens of the ABO blood group system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gour Chand Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Hanh-Thuc Ton Tran
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Peter J Meloncelli
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lori J West
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Surgery, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Alberta Transplant Institute, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Christopher W Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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Xu P, Kelly M, Vann WF, Qadri F, Ryan ET, Kováč P. Conjugate Vaccines from Bacterial Antigens by Squaric Acid Chemistry: A Closer Look. Chembiochem 2017; 18:799-815. [PMID: 28182850 PMCID: PMC5664186 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
By using O-SP-core (O-SPcNH2 ) polysaccharide, isolated from Vibrio cholera O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and related synthetic substances, a detailed study of factors that affect conjugation of bacterial polysaccharides to protein carriers through squaric acid chemistry to form conjugate vaccines has been carried out. Several previously unrecognized processes that take place during the squarate labeling of the O-SPcNH2 and subsequent conjugation of the formed squarate (O-SPcNH-SqOMe) have been identified. The efficiency of conjugation at pH 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5 to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to the recombinant tetanus toxin fragment C (rTT-Hc) has been determined. The study led to a protocol for more efficient labeling of O-SPcNH2 antigen with the methyl squarate group, to yield a higher-quality, more potent squarate conjugation reagent. Its use resulted in about twofold increases in conjugation efficiency (from 23-26 % on BSA to 51 % on BSA and 55 % on rTT-Hc). The spent conjugation reagent could be recovered and regenerated by treatment with MeI in the absence of additional base. The immunological properties of the experimental vaccine made from the regenerated conjugation reagent were comparable with those of the immunogen made from the parent O-SPcNH-SqOMe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- NIDDK, LBC, Section on Carbohydrates, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892-0815, USA
| | - Meagan Kelly
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Willie F Vann
- Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pavol Kováč
- NIDDK, LBC, Section on Carbohydrates, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892-0815, USA
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Wen L, Yang S, Zhu P, Yu Y, Qiu X, Fu N, Liu Y. Peptide mimics of a carbohydrate‑associated epitope expressed by cancer cells: Identification of vaccine candidates. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5237-5244. [PMID: 27779668 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated antigen 215 (CA215) is an immunoglobulin molecule expressed by numerous tumor types. Membrane‑bound and soluble CA215 have been detected in the majority of cancer cells and rarely identified in normal tissues. In addition, CA215C is a carbohydrate‑associated epitope in the variable region of CA215, which is specifically recognized by the monoclonal antibody, RP215. However, CA215C is not a suitable vaccine candidate as it is a thymus‑independent antigen. In the present study, RP215 was used as a target to screen short peptide mimics of CA215C from a phage display peptide library. Following three rounds of screening, 30 positive phage clones that specifically bound to RP215 were identified and sequenced. The result of amino‑acid sequence analysis revealed five conserved sequence groups for seventeen of the positive phage clones. The sequences of phage clones 2, 13 and 42 were selected for peptide synthesis and binding analysis. The synthetic peptides R2 and R42 specifically bound RP215. Antisera from mice immunized with R2‑BSA or R42‑BSA bound purified CA215C and innate CA215C expressed on human hepatic and rectal carcinoma tissues, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, R2‑BSA and R42‑BSA antisera inhibited RP215 binding to cancer tissues. These results revealed that R2‑BSA and R42‑BSA antisera had similar characteristics to RP215 and that the synthetic peptides R2 and R42 may mimic the CA215C epitope. R2 and R42 peptides may therefore have potential for development into a tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ning Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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del Carmen Fernández-Alonso M, Díaz D, Berbis MÁ, Marcelo F, Cañada J, Jiménez-Barbero J. Protein-carbohydrate interactions studied by NMR: from molecular recognition to drug design. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2013; 13:816-30. [PMID: 23305367 PMCID: PMC3706953 DOI: 10.2174/138920312804871175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diseases that result from infection are, in general, a consequence of specific interactions between a pathogenic organism and the cells. The study of host-pathogen interactions has provided insights for the design of drugs with therapeutic properties. One area that has proved to be promising for such studies is the constituted by carbohydrates which participate in biological processes of paramount importance. On the one hand, carbohydrates have shown to be information carriers with similar, if not higher, importance than traditionally considered carriers as amino acids and nucleic acids. On the other hand, the knowledge on molecular recognition of sugars by lectins and other carbohydrate-binding proteins has been employed for the development of new biomedical strategies. Biophysical techniques such as X-Ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy lead currently the investigation on this field. In this review, a description of traditional and novel NMR methodologies employed in the study of sugar-protein interactions is briefly presented in combination with a palette of NMR-based studies related to biologically and/or pharmaceutically relevant applications.
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Auzanneau FI, Borrelli S, Pinto BM. Synthesis and immunological activity of an oligosaccharide-conjugate as a vaccine candidate against Group A Streptococcus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6038-42. [PMID: 24103300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and immunogenicity of a tetanus toxoid (TT)-conjugate of the hexasaccharide portion of the cell-wall polysaccharide (CWPS) of the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is described. The synthesis relies on the reaction of an allyl glycoside of the hexasaccharide with cysteamine, followed by the reaction of the resultant amine with diethyl squarate to give the monoethyl squarate adduct. Subsequent reaction with the lysine ε-amino groups on TT gives the glycoconjugate containing 30 hexasaccharide haptens per TT molecule. The immunogenicity in mice is similar to that obtained with a native CWPS-TT conjugate, validating the glycoconjugate as a vaccine candidate against GAS infections.
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Szczepina MG, Bleile DW, Müllegger J, Lewis AR, Pinto BM. WaterLOGSY NMR Experiments in Conjunction with Molecular-Dynamics Simulations Identify Immobilized Water Molecules That Bridge Peptide Mimic MDWNMHAA to Anticarbohydrate Antibody SYA/J6. Chemistry 2011; 17:11438-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Szczepina MG, Bleile DW, Pinto BM. Investigation of the Binding of a Carbohydrate-Mimetic Peptide to its Complementary Anticarbohydrate Antibody by STD-NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular-Dynamics Simulations. Chemistry 2011; 17:11446-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Agostino M, Sandrin MS, Thompson PE, Farrugia W, Ramsland PA, Yuriev E. Carbohydrate-mimetic peptides: structural aspects of mimicry and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:211-24. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.542140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Al-Harrasi A, Pfrengle F, Prisyazhnyuk V, Yekta S, Koós P, Reissig HU. Enantiopure aminopyrans by a Lewis acid promoted rearrangement of 1,2-oxazines: versatile building blocks for oligosaccharide and sugar amino acid mimetics. Chemistry 2010; 15:11632-41. [PMID: 19780107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dioxolanyl-substituted 1,2-oxazines, such as syn-1 and anti-1, rearrange under Lewis acidic conditions to provide bicyclic products 2-5. Subsequent reductive transformations afforded enantiopure 3-aminopyran derivatives such as 7 and 9 or their protected diastereomers 16 and 18, which can be regarded as carbohydrate mimetics. An alternative sequence of transformations including selective oxidation of the primary hydroxyl groups in 21 and 24 led to two protected beta-amino acid derivatives with carbohydrate-like backbone (sugar amino acids). Treatment of bicyclic ester 23 with samarium diiodide cleaved the N--O bond and furnished the unusual beta-lactam 27 in excellent yield. Alternatively, gamma-amino acid derivative 29 was efficiently prepared in a few steps. Fairly simple transformations gave azides 32 and 35 or alkyne 30 which are suitable substrates for the construction of oligosaccharide mimetics such as 34 by copper iodide catalyzed cycloadditions. With this report we demonstrate that enantiopure rearrangement products 2-5 are protected precursors of a variety of polyfunctionalized pyran derivatives with great potential for chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin
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12
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Hossany BR, Johnston BD, Wen X, Borrelli S, Yuan Y, Johnson MA, Pinto BM. Design, synthesis, and immunochemical characterization of a chimeric glycopeptide corresponding to the Shigella flexneri Y O-polysaccharide and its peptide mimic MDWNMHAA. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1412-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Heimburg-Molinaro J, Almogren A, Morey S, Glinskii OV, Roy R, Wilding GE, Cheng RP, Glinsky VV, Rittenhouse-Olson K. Development, characterization, and immunotherapeutic use of peptide mimics of the Thomsen-Friedenreich carbohydrate antigen. Neoplasia 2009; 11:780-92. [PMID: 19649208 PMCID: PMC2713588 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-associated carbohydrate Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF-Ag; Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha-O-Ser/Thr) is overexpressed on the cell surface of several types of tumor cells, contributing to cancer cell adhesion and metastasis to sites containing TF-Ag-binding lectins. A highly specific immunoglobulin G(3) monoclonal antibody (Ab) developed to TF-Ag (JAA-F11) impedes TF-Ag binding to vascular endothelium, blocking a primary metastatic step and providing a survival advantage. In addition, in patients, even low levels of antibodies to TF-Ag seem to improve prognosis; thus, it is expected that vaccines generating antibodies toward TF-Ag would be clinically valuable. Unfortunately, vaccinations with protein conjugates of carbohydrate tumor-associated Ags have induced clinically inadequate immune responses. However, immunization using peptides that mimic carbohydrate Ags such as Lewis has resulted in both Ab and T-cell responses. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vaccinations with unique TF-Ag peptide mimics may generate immune responses to TF-Ag epitopes on tumor cells, useful for active immunotherapy against relevant cancers. Peptide mimics of TF-Ag were selected by phage display biopanning using JAA-F11 and rabbit anti-TF-Ag Ab and were analyzed in vitro to confirm TF-Ag peptide mimicry. In vitro, TF-Ag peptide mimics bound to TF-Ag-specific peanut agglutinin and blocked TF-Ag-mediated rolling and stable adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelium. In vivo, the immunization with TF-Ag-mimicking multiple antigenic peptides induced TF-Ag-reactive Ab production. We propose that this novel active immunotherapy approach could decrease tumor burden in cancer patients by specifically targeting TF-Ag-positive cancer cells and blocking metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Adel Almogren
- Immunopathology & Allergy Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan Morey
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Olga V Glinskii
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rene Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Gregory E Wilding
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Richard P Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vladislav V Glinsky
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kate Rittenhouse-Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Yu L, Yu PS, Yee Yen Mui E, McKelvie JC, Pham TPT, Yap YW, Wong WQ, Wu J, Deng W, Orner BP. Phage display screening against a set of targets to establish peptide-based sugar mimetics and molecular docking to predict binding site. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4825-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2003-2004. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:273-361. [PMID: 18825656 PMCID: PMC7168468 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the third update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings the topic to the end of 2004. Both fundamental studies and applications are covered. The main topics include methodological developments, matrices, fragmentation of carbohydrates and applications to large polymeric carbohydrates from plants, glycans from glycoproteins and those from various glycolipids. Other topics include the use of MALDI MS to study enzymes related to carbohydrate biosynthesis and degradation, its use in industrial processes, particularly biopharmaceuticals and its use to monitor products of chemical synthesis where glycodendrimers and carbohydrate-protein complexes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Borrelli S, Hossany RB, Pinto BM. Immunological evidence for functional rather than structural mimicry by a Shigella flexneri Y polysaccharide-mimetic peptide. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1106-14. [PMID: 18463226 PMCID: PMC2446642 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00050-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An approach to vaccine design is the use of molecules that mimic the immunogenic element of interest. In this context, the interaction of MDWNMHAA, a peptide mimic of the Shigella flexneri Y O polysaccharide (PS), with an anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibody, as studied previously by X-ray crystallography, suggested the presence of functional rather than structural mimicry and a bound peptide conformation that was not represented significantly in the free-ligand ensemble. The antibody response elicited by an MDWNMHAA-carrier protein (tetanus toxoid [TT]) conjugate has now been investigated in BALB/c mice. The mice were immunized following a homologous prime/boost strategy using MDWNMHAA-TT as the immunogen. The mice showed anti-peptide antibody (immunoglobulin G [IgG]) titers that increased after being boosted. High anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (IgG) titers were observed after the last boost. A faster immune response, with cross-reactive titers, was observed with a peptide conjugate with 30% more copies of the peptide. The binding of anti-peptide polyclonal antibodies to LPS could be inhibited by LPS, PS, MDWNMHAA, and MDWNMHAA-bovine serum albumin, as assessed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conversely, mice immunized with PS-TT showed IgG anti-peptide titers. These data demonstrate the cross-reactivity of the antibody response and support the hypothesis that functional, as opposed to structural, mimicry of the S. flexneri Y O PS by MDWNMHAA or the underrepresentation of the bound ligand conformation in the free-ligand ensemble does not compromise immunological cross-reactivity. Prime/boost strategies were performed with a heterologous boost of PS-TT or MDWNMHAA-TT. They led to high anti-LPS titers after only three injections, suggesting alternatives to improve the immunogenicity of the carbohydrate-mimetic peptide and confirming the antigenic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Borrelli
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Johnson MA, Pinto BM. Structural and functional studies of Peptide-carbohydrate mimicry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 273:55-116. [PMID: 23605459 DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain peptides act as molecular mimics of carbohydrates in that they are specifically recognizedby carbohydrate-binding proteins. Peptides that bind to anti-carbohydrate antibodies, carbohydrate-processingenzymes, and lectins have been identified. These peptides are potentially useful as vaccines andtherapeutics; for example, immunologically functional peptide molecular mimics (mimotopes) can strengthenor modify immune responses induced by carbohydrate antigens. However, peptides that bind specificallyto carbohydrate-binding proteins may not necessarily show the corresponding biological activity, andfurther selection based on biochemical studies is always required. The degree of structural mimicryrequired to generate the desired biological activity is therefore an interesting question. This reviewwill discuss recent structural studies of peptide-carbohydrate mimicry employing NMR spectroscopy,X-ray crystallography, and molecular modeling, as well as relevant biochemical data. These studiesprovide insights into the basis of mimicry at the molecular level. Comparisons with other carbohydrate-mimeticcompounds, namely proteins and glycopeptides, will be drawn. Finally, implications for the designof new therapeutic compounds will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., MB-44, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA,
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18
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. SS, . QB, . BT, . HA, . DN, . SP, . MN, . MZ. Evaluation of Serum Bactericidal Activity Specific for Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A and B: Effect of Immunization with Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A Polysaccharide and Serogroup B Outer Membrane Vesicle Conjugate as a Bivalent Meningococcus Vaccine Candidate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2007.436.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Singh Y, Spinelli N, Defrancq E, Dumy P. A novel heterobifunctional linker for facile access to bioconjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1413-9. [PMID: 16557331 DOI: 10.1039/b518151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of a novel heterobifunctional linker molecule is described. The linker contains a thiol-reactive nitropyridyl disulfide group (Npys) and an aldehyde-reactive aminooxy group with a propensity to form disulfide and oxime linkages. The utility of the linker molecule to cross-link different biomolecules has been demonstrated by employing it in the efficient preparation of a peptide-oligonucleotide conjugate. The linker reported herein could be a useful tool for cross-coupling of different but appropriately functionalised biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashveer Singh
- LEDSS, UMR CNRS 5616, ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, 301 rue de la Chimie, BP 53, F 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Ruttens B, Kováč P. Synthesis of a Phosphorylated Disaccharide Fragment of the O-Specific Polysaccharide ofVibrio cholerae O139, Functionalized for Conjugation. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Al-Harrasi A, Reissig HU. Synthesis of Enantiopure Carbohydrate Mimetics by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Rearrangement of 1,3-Dioxolanyl-Substituted 1,2-Oxazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:6227-31. [PMID: 16161174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14 195 Berlin, Germany
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Al-Harrasi A, Reißig HU. Enantiomerenreine Kohlenhydratmimetika durch Lewis-Säure-induzierte Umlagerung von 1,3-dioxolanylsubstituierten 1,2-Oxazinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Roy R. New trends in carbohydrate-based vaccines. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2004; 1:327-36. [PMID: 24981502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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