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Recommendations to Synthetize Old and New β-Lactamases Inhibitors: A Review to Encourage Further Production. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030384. [PMID: 35337181 PMCID: PMC8954882 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of bacteria producing β-lactamases enzymes (BLEs), able to inactivate the available β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs), causing the hydrolytic opening of their β-lactam ring, is one of the global major warnings. According to Ambler classification, BLEs are grouped in serine-BLEs (SBLEs) of class A, C, and D, and metal-BLEs (MBLEs) of class B. A current strategy to restore no longer functioning BLAs consists of associating them to β-lactamase enzymes inhibitors (BLEsIs), which, interacting with BLEs, prevent them hydrolyzing to the associated antibiotic. Worryingly, the inhibitors that are clinically approved are very few and inhibit only most of class A and C SBLEs, leaving several class D and all MBLEs of class B untouched. Numerous non-clinically approved new molecules are in development, which have shown broad and ultra-broad spectrum of action, some of them also being active on the New Delhi metal-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), which can hydrolyze all available BLAs except for aztreonam. To not duplicate the existing review concerning this topic, we have herein examined BLEsIs by a chemistry approach. To this end, we have reviewed both the long-established synthesis adopted to prepare the old BLEsIs, those proposed to achieve the BLEsIs that are newly approved, and those recently reported to prepare the most relevant molecules yet in development, which have shown high potency, providing for each synthesis the related reaction scheme.
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Wang YC, Huang SW, Chiang MH, Lee IM, Kuo SC, Yang YS, Chiu CH, Su YS, Chen TL, Wang FD, Lee YT. In vitro and in vivo activities of imipenem combined with BLI-489 against class D β-lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:451-459. [PMID: 33057603 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to our preliminary study, BLI-489 has the potential to inhibit the hydrolysing activity of OXA-51-like β-lactamase produced by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb). OBJECTIVES In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo activities of imipenem combined with BLI-489 against CRAb producing carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs), namely OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-51 and OXA-58, were determined. METHODS A chequerboard analysis of imipenem and BLI-489 was performed using 57 and 7 clinical CRAb isolates producing different CHDLs and MBLs, respectively. Four representative strains harbouring different CHDL genes were subjected to a time-kill assay to evaluate the synergistic effects. An in silico docking analysis was conducted to simulate the interactions between BLI-489 and the different families of CHDLs. The in vivo activities of this combination were assessed using a Caenorhabditis elegans survival assay and a mouse pneumonia model. RESULTS Chequerboard analysis showed that imipenem and BLI-489 had a synergistic effect on 14.3, 92.9, 100, 16.7 and 100% of MBL-, OXA-23-, OXA-24-like-, OXA-51-like- and OXA-58-producing CRAb isolates, respectively. In the time-kill assay, imipenem and BLI-489 showed synergy against OXA-24-like-, OXA-51-like- and OXA-58-, but not OXA-23-producing CRAb isolates after 24 h. The in silico docking analysis showed that BLI-489 could bind to the active sites of OXA-24 and OXA-58 to confer strong inhibition activity. The combination of imipenem and BLI-489 exhibited synergistic effects for the rescue of CRAb-infected C. elegans and mice. CONCLUSIONS Imipenem combined with BLI-489 has synergistic effects against CHDL-producing CRAb isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shih Su
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Der Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. An Updated Review on the Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Molecular Hybrids and Conjugates Bearing Imidazole Moiety. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215133. [PMID: 33158247 PMCID: PMC7663458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of serious infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, especially the nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens, has been acknowledged by Governments and scientists and is one of the world's major health problems. Various strategies have been and are currently investigated and developed to reduce and/or delay the bacterial resistance. One of these strategies regards the design and development of antimicrobial hybrids and conjugates. This unprecedented critical review, in which our continuing interest in the synthesis and evaluation of the bioactivity of imidazole derivatives is testified, aims to summarise and comment on the results obtained from the end of the 1900s until February 2020 in studies conducted by numerous international research groups on the synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial properties of imidazole-based molecular hybrids and conjugates in which the pharmacophoric constituents of these compounds are directly covalently linked or connected through a linker or spacer. In this review, significant attention was paid to summarise the strategies used to overcome the antibiotic resistance of pathogens whose infections are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. However, it does not include literature data on the synthesis and evaluation of the bioactivity of hybrids and conjugates in which an imidazole moiety is fused with a carbo- or heterocyclic subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi, 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (M.C.)
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4
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Thomas PW, Cammarata M, Brodbelt JS, Monzingo AF, Pratt RF, Fast W. A Lysine-Targeted Affinity Label for Serine-β-Lactamase Also Covalently Modifies New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1). Biochemistry 2019; 58:2834-2843. [PMID: 31145588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The divergent sequences, protein structures, and catalytic mechanisms of serine- and metallo-β-lactamases hamper the development of wide-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitors that can block both types of enzymes. The O-aryloxycarbonyl hydroxamate inactivators of Enterobacter cloacae P99 class C serine-β-lactamase are unusual covalent inhibitors in that they target both active-site Ser and Lys residues, resulting in a cross-link consisting of only two atoms. Many clinically relevant metallo-β-lactamases have an analogous active-site Lys residue used to bind β-lactam substrates, suggesting a common site to target with covalent inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that an O-aryloxycarbonyl hydroxamate inactivator of serine-β-lactamases can also serve as a classical affinity label for New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1). Rapid dilution assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and global kinetic fitting are used to map covalent modification at Lys211 and determine KI (140 μM) and kinact (0.045 min-1) values. Mass spectrometry of the intact protein and the use of ultraviolet photodissociation for extensive fragmentation confirm stoichiometric covalent labeling that occurs specifically at Lys211. A 2.0 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of inactivated NDM-1 reveals that the covalent adduct is bound at the substrate-binding site but is not directly coordinated to the active-site zinc cluster. These results indicate that Lys-targeted affinity labels might be a successful strategy for developing compounds that can inactivate both serine- and metallo-β-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R F Pratt
- Department of Chemistry , Wesleyan University , Middletown , Connecticut 06459 , United States
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5
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van den Akker F, Bonomo RA. Exploring Additional Dimensions of Complexity in Inhibitor Design for Serine β-Lactamases: Mechanistic and Intra- and Inter-molecular Chemistry Approaches. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:622. [PMID: 29675000 PMCID: PMC5895744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a bacterial resistance strategy, serine β-lactamases have evolved from cell wall synthesizing enzymes known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBP), by not only covalently binding β-lactam antibiotics but, also acquiring mechanisms of deacylating these antibiotics. This critical deacylation step leads to release of hydrolyzed and inactivated β-lactams, thereby providing resistance for the bacteria against these antibiotics targeting the cell wall. To combat β-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance, numerous β-lactamase inhibitors were developed that utilize various strategies to inactivate the β-lactamase. Most of these compounds are “mechanism-based” inhibitors that in some manner mimic the β-lactam substrate, having a carbonyl moiety and a negatively charged carboxyl or sulfate group. These compounds form a covalent adduct with the catalytic serine via an initial acylation step. To increase the life-time of the inhibitory covalent adduct intermediates, a remarkable array of different strategies was employed to improve inhibition potency. Such approaches include post-acylation intra- and intermolecular chemical rearrangements as well as affecting the deacylation water. These approaches transform the inhibitor design process from a 3-dimensional problem (i.e., XYZ coordinates) to one with additional dimensions of complexity as the reaction coordinate and time spent at each chemical state need to be taken into consideration. This review highlights the mechanistic intricacies of the design efforts of the β-lactamase inhibitors which so far have resulted in the development of “two generations” and 5 clinically available inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Focco van den Akker
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Medical Service and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Western Reserve University-VA Medical Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, United States
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6
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Current opinions in the infection control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Gao G, Zheng B, Fu Y, Li M, Wang B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Hou S, Walsh PJ. Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective α‐Arylation of Methyl Sulfones with Aryl Chlorides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yue Fu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiang‐Zhu Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jing‐Jing Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shi‐Cong Hou
- Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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8
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfenimine cephalosporin analogues as β-lactamase inhibitors. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-4413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Bassetti M, Ginocchio F, Mikulska M. New treatment options against gram-negative organisms. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2011; 15:215. [PMID: 21457501 PMCID: PMC3219411 DOI: 10.1186/cc9997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, AOU San Martino, L,go R, Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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10
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Kanj SS, Kanafani ZA. Current concepts in antimicrobial therapy against resistant gram-negative organisms: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mayo Clin Proc 2011; 86:250-9. [PMID: 21364117 PMCID: PMC3046948 DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative pathogens has been progressive and relentless. Pathogens of particular concern include extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Classic agents used to treat these pathogens have become outdated. Of the few new drugs available, many have already become targets for bacterial mechanisms of resistance. This review describes the current approach to infections due to these resistant organisms and elaborates on the available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souha S Kanj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Cairo Street, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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11
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New Treatment Options against Gram-negative Organisms. ANNUAL UPDATE IN INTENSIVE CARE AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18081-1_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Bebrone C, Lassaux P, Vercheval L, Sohier JS, Jehaes A, Sauvage E, Galleni M. Current challenges in antimicrobial chemotherapy: focus on ß-lactamase inhibition. Drugs 2010; 70:651-79. [PMID: 20394454 DOI: 10.2165/11318430-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of the three classical beta-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, tazobactam and sulbactam) in combination with beta-lactam antibacterials is currently the most successful strategy to combat beta-lactamase-mediated resistance. However, these inhibitors are efficient in inactivating only class A beta-lactamases and the efficiency of the inhibitor/antibacterial combination can be compromised by several mechanisms, such as the production of naturally resistant class B or class D enzymes, the hyperproduction of AmpC or even the production of evolved inhibitor-resistant class A enzymes. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel inhibitors. For serine active enzymes (classes A, C and D), derivatives of the beta-lactam ring such as 6-beta-halogenopenicillanates, beta-lactam sulfones, penems and oxapenems, monobactams or trinems seem to be potential starting points to design efficient molecules (such as AM-112 and LK-157). Moreover, a promising non-beta-lactam molecule, NXL-104, is now under clinical development. In contrast, an ideal inhibitor of metallo-beta-lactamases (class B) remains to be found, despite the huge number of potential molecules already described (biphenyl tetrazoles, cysteinyl peptides, mercaptocarboxylates, succinic acid derivatives, etc.). The search for such an inhibitor is complicated by the absence of a covalent intermediate in their catalytic mechanisms and the fact that beta-lactam derivatives often behave as substrates rather than as inhibitors. Currently, the most promising broad-spectrum inhibitors of class B enzymes are molecules presenting chelating groups (thiols, carboxylates, etc.) combined with an aromatic group. This review describes all the types of molecules already tested as potential beta-lactamase inhibitors and thus constitutes an update of the current status in beta-lactamase inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bebrone
- Biological Macromolecules, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Connolly TJ, Disharoon MW, Dragan V, Lewis JJ, Wehrenberg P, Zhao R. 2-Bromo-3-(cyclohexyloxy)acrylaldehyde: An Isolable Enol Ether of Bromomalonaldehyde Suitable for Use in the Manufacture of Imidazolecarboxaldehydes. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op100156y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence J. Connolly
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States, and 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, United States
| | - Michael W. Disharoon
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States, and 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, United States
| | - Vladimir Dragan
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States, and 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, United States
| | - Joseph J. Lewis
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States, and 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, United States
| | - Peter Wehrenberg
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States, and 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, United States
| | - Ralph Zhao
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States, and 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, United States
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15
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Malik S, Nadir UK, Pandey PS. Microwave-Assisted Regioselective Synthesis of trans-1-Arenesulfonyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylazetidines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903136100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Malik
- a Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Upender K. Nadir
- a Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod S. Pandey
- a Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Inhibitor resistance in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase, a preeminent property of this class A beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 54:890-7. [PMID: 20008772 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00693-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As resistance determinants, KPC beta-lactamases demonstrate a wide substrate spectrum that includes carbapenems, oxyimino-cephalosporins, and cephamycins. In addition, clinical strains harboring KPC-type beta-lactamases are often identified as resistant to standard beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations in susceptibility testing. The KPC-2 carbapenemase presents a significant clinical challenge, as the mechanistic bases for KPC-2-associated phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate resistance by KPC-2 to beta-lactamase inhibitors by determining that clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are hydrolyzed by KPC-2 with partition ratios (kcat/kinact ratios, where kinact is the rate constant of enzyme inactivation) of 2,500, 1,000, and 500, respectively. Methylidene penems that contain an sp2-hybridized C3 carboxylate and a bicyclic R1 side chain (dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c][1,3]thiazole [penem 1] and dihydropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,4]thiazine [penem 2]) are potent inhibitors: Km of penem 1, 0.06+/-0.01 microM, and Km of penem 2, 0.006+/-0.001 microM. We also demonstrate that penems 1 and 2 are mechanism-based inactivators, having partition ratios (kcat/kinact ratios) of 250 and 50, respectively. To understand the mechanism of inhibition by these penems, we generated molecular representations of both inhibitors in the active site of KPC-2. These models (i) suggest that penem 1 and penem 2 interact differently with active site residues, with the carbonyl of penem 2 being positioned outside the oxyanion hole and in a less favorable position for hydrolysis than that of penem 1, and (ii) support the kinetic observations that penem 2 is the better inhibitor (kinact/Km=6.5+/-0.6 microM(-1) s(-1)). We conclude that KPC-2 is unique among class A beta-lactamases in being able to readily hydrolyze clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. In contrast, penem-type beta-lactamase inhibitors, by exhibiting unique active site chemistry, may serve as an important scaffold for future development and offer an attractive alternative to our current beta-lactamase inhibitors.
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Drawz SM, Bethel CR, Hujer KM, Hurless KN, Distler AM, Caselli E, Prati F, Bonomo RA. The role of a second-shell residue in modifying substrate and inhibitor interactions in the SHV beta-lactamase: a study of ambler position Asn276. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4557-66. [PMID: 19351161 DOI: 10.1021/bi9003292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamases of the TEM and SHV families that arise by single amino acid substitutions are a significant threat to the efficacy of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. To better understand the basis of the inhibitor-resistant phenotype in SHV, we performed mutagenesis to examine the role of a second-shell residue, Asn276. Of the 19 variants expressed in Escherichia coli, only the Asn276Asp enzyme demonstrated reduced susceptibility to ampicillin/clavulanate (MIC increased from 50/2 --> 50/8 microg/mL) while maintaining high-level resistance to ampicillin (MIC = 8192 microg/mL). Steady-state kinetic analyses of Asn276Asp revealed slightly diminished k(cat)/K(m) for all substrates tested. In contrast, we observed a 5-fold increase in K(i) for clavulanate (7.4 +/- 0.9 microM for Asn276Asp vs 1.4 +/- 0.2 microM for SHV-1) and a 40% reduction in k(inact)/K(I) (0.013 +/- 0.002 microM(-1 )s(-1) for Asn276Asp vs 0.021 +/- 0.004 microM(-1) s(-1) for SHV-1). Timed electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of clavulanate-inhibited SHV-1 and SHV Asn276Asp showed nearly identical mass adducts, arguing for a similar pathway of inactivation. Molecular modeling shows that novel electrostatic interactions are formed between Arg244Neta2 and both 276AspOdelta1 and Odelta2; these new forces restrict the spatial position of Arg244, a residue important in the recognition of the C(3)/C(4) carboxylate of beta-lactam substrates and inhibitors. Testing the functional consequences of this interaction, we noted considerable free energy costs (+DeltaDeltaG) for substrates and inhibitors. A rigid carbapenem (meropenem) was most affected by the Asn276Asp substitution (46-fold increase in K(i) vs SHV-1). We conclude that residue 276 is an important second-shell residue in class A beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to substrates and inhibitors, and only Asn is able to precisely modulate the conformational flexibility of Arg244 required for successful evolution in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Drawz
- Department of Pathology, CaseWestern Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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18
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Efficacy of piperacillin combined with the Penem beta-lactamase inhibitor BLI-489 in murine models of systemic infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1698-700. [PMID: 19188386 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01549-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo efficacy of piperacillin in combination with the penem inhibitor BLI-489 was determined using acute lethal systemic infections in mice. On the basis of preliminary results with various ratios, a dosing ratio of 8:1 was found to be optimal for retention of enhanced efficacy. Piperacillin-BLI-489 dosed at an 8:1 ratio was efficacious against murine infections caused by class A (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases), class C (AmpC), and class D beta-lactamase-expressing pathogens.
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Venkatesan A, Agarwal A, Abe T, Ushirogochi H, Takasaki T, Mihira A, Mansour T. Targeting Val 216 in Class A β-Lactamases with Tricyclic 6-Methylidene Penems. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1658-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Establishment of in vitro susceptibility testing methodologies and comparative activities of piperacillin in combination with the penem {beta}-lactamase inhibitor BLI-489. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 53:370-84. [PMID: 19001109 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01047-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel bicyclic penem inhibitor BLI-489 has demonstrated activity as an inhibitor of class A, C, and D beta-lactamases. To determine the combination of piperacillin and BLI-489 to be used in susceptibility testing that would most accurately identify susceptible and resistant isolates, a predictor panel of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria was utilized to determine the reliability of the combination of piperacillin-BLI-489 at a constant inhibitor concentration of 2 or 4 microg/ml and at ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1. There were a number of strains that would be falsely reported as susceptible or intermediate if tested with the ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, whereas the constant concentration of 2 microg/ml of BLI-489 and the ratio of 8:1 had a tendency to overpredict resistance. Similar MICs were obtained with piperacillin-BLI-489 in a 4:1 ratio and when BLI-489 was held constant at 4 microg/ml. Based on these results, an in vitro testing methodology employing a constant concentration of 4 microg/ml BLI-489 was used to evaluate the combination of piperacillin-BLI-489 against a larger panel of recently identified clinical isolates. Approximately 55% of all of the enteric bacilli tested were nonsusceptible to piperacillin alone (MIC > or = 32 microg/ml). However, 92% of these piperacillin nonsusceptible strains were inhibited by < or =16 microg/ml piperacillin-BLI-489; in contrast, only 66% were inhibited by < or =16 microg/ml piperacillin-tazobactam. The combination of piperacillin-BLI-489 also demonstrated improved activity compared to that of piperacillin-tazobactam against the problematic extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and AmpC-expressing strains.
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Mansour TS, Agarwal A, Venkatesan A, Abe T, Mihira A, Takasaki T, Sato K, Ushirogochi H, Yamamura I, Isoda T, Li Z, Yang Y, Kumagai T. On the absolute configuration in 1,4-dihydrothiazepine covalent complexes derived from inhibition of class A and C beta-lactamases with 6-methylidene penems. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:1713-6. [PMID: 17868160 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek S Mansour
- Chemical and Screening Sciences and Infectious Diseases Wyeth Research, 401 North Middeltown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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Bassetti M, Righi E, Viscoli C. Novel β-lactam antibiotics and inhibitor combinations. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:285-96. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mansour TS, Bradford PA, Venkatesan AM. Recent Developments in β-Lactamases and Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Nikitenko AA, Winkley MW, Zeldis J, Kremer K, Chan AWY, Strong H, Jennings M, Jirkovsky I, Blum D, Khafizova G, Grosu GT, Venkatesan AM. Selective Hydrolysis of Ethyl 5,6-Dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole-2-carboxylate and Ethyl 5,6-Dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a Key Step in the Large-Scale Synthesis of Bicyclic Heteroaryl Carboxyaldehydes. Org Process Res Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/op050218b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Nikitenko
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - M. W. Winkley
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - J. Zeldis
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - K. Kremer
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - A. W.-Y. Chan
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - H. Strong
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - M. Jennings
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - I. Jirkovsky
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - D. Blum
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - G. Khafizova
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - G. T. Grosu
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
| | - A. M. Venkatesan
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A
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Barker JJ. Antibacterial drug discovery and structure-based design. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:391-404. [PMID: 16635801 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance continues to develop and pose a significant threat, both in hospitals and, more recently, in the community. A focus on other therapeutic areas by the larger pharmaceutical companies has left a shortfall in the pipeline of novel antibacterials. Recently, many new structures have been studied by structure-genomics initiatives, delivering a wealth of targets to consider. Using the tools of structure-based design, antibacterial discovery must exploit these targets to accelerate the process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Barker
- Evotec UK, 111 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RZ, UK.
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Fisher JF, Meroueh SO, Mobashery S. Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: compelling opportunism, compelling opportunity. Chem Rev 2005; 105:395-424. [PMID: 15700950 DOI: 10.1021/cr030102i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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