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Liu K, Wang L, Guo Z. An extensive review of studies on mycobacterium cell wall polysaccharide-related oligosaccharides – part III: synthetic studies and biological applications of arabinofuranosyl oligosaccharides and their analogs, derivatives and conjugates. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1630841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji′nan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji′nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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2
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Maiti K, Syal K, Chatterji D, Jayaraman N. Synthetic Arabinomannan Heptasaccharide Glycolipids Inhibit Biofilm Growth and Augment Isoniazid Effects in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1959-1970. [PMID: 28771901 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation, involving attachment to an adherent surface, is a critical survival strategy of mycobacterial colonies in hostile environmental conditions. Here we report the synthesis of heptasaccharide glycolipids based on mannopyranoside units anchored on to a branched arabinofuranoside core. Two types of glycolipids-2,3-branched and 2,5-branched-were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacies in inhibiting biofilm growth by the non-pathogenic mycobacterium variant Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biofilm formation was inhibited at a minimum biofilm growth inhibition concentration (MBIC) of 100 μg mL-1 in the case of the 2,5-branched heptasaccharide glycolipid. Further, we were able to ascertain that a combination of the drug isoniazid with the branched heptasaccharide glycolipid (50 μg mL-1 ) potentiates the drug, making it three times more effective, with an improved MBIC of 30 μg mL-1 . These studies establish that synthetic glycolipids not only act as inhibitors of biofilm growth, but also provide a synergistic effect when combined with significantly lowered concentrations of isoniazid to disrupt the biofilm structures of the mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnagopal Maiti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Kirtimaan Syal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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3
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Suthagar K, Fairbanks AJ. Synthesis and anti-mycobacterial activity of glycosyl sulfamides of arabinofuranose. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1748-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series ofarabino N-glycosyl sulfamides, forced to adopt the furanose form by removal of the 5-hydroxyl group, were synthesised as putative isosteric mimics of decaprenolphosphoarabinose, the donor processed by arabinosyltransferases during mycobacterial cell wall assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajitha Suthagar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8140
- New Zealand
| | - Antony J. Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8140
- New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre
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4
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Suthagar K, Watson AJ, Wilkinson BL, Fairbanks AJ. Synthesis of arabinose glycosyl sulfamides as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:153-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Umesiri FE, Sanki AK, Boucau J, Ronning DR, Sucheck SJ. Recent advances toward the inhibition of mAG and LAM synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:290-326. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Ayers B, Long H, Sim E, Smellie IA, Wilkinson BL, Fairbanks AJ. Stereoselective synthesis of β-arabino glycosyl sulfones as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:739-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Wilkinson BL, Long H, Sim E, Fairbanks AJ. Synthesis of Arabino glycosyl triazoles as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6265-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Tomioka H. Development of new antituberculous agents based on new drug targets and structure–activity relationship. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 3:21-49. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Rose NL, Completo GC, Lin SJ, McNeil M, Palcic MM, Lowary TL. Expression, purification, and characterization of a galactofuranosyltransferase involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinogalactan biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:6721-9. [PMID: 16704275 DOI: 10.1021/ja058254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The major structural component of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a lipidated polysaccharide, the mycoyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex. This glycoconjugate plays a key role in the survival of the organism, and thus, enzymes involved in its biosynthesis have attracted attention as sites for drug action. At the core of the mAGP is a galactan composed of D-galactofuranose residues attached via alternating beta-(1-->5) and beta-(1-->6) linkages. A single enzyme, glfT, has been shown to synthesize both glycosidic linkages. We report here the first high-level expression and purification of glfT by expression of the Rv3808c gene in Escherichia coli C41(DE3). Following a three-step purification procedure, 3-7 mg of protein of >95% purity was isolated from each liter of culture. We subsequently probed the substrate specificity of glfT by evaluating a panel of potential mono- and oligosaccharide substrates and demonstrated, for the first time, that trisaccharides are better substrates than disaccharides and that one disaccharide, in which the terminal D-galactofuranose residue is replaced with an L-arabinofuranose moiety, is a weak substrate. Kinetic characterization of the enzyme using four of the oligosaccharide acceptors gave K(m) values ranging from 204 microM to 1.7 mM. Through the use of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that this recombinant enzyme, like the wild-type protein, is bifunctional and can synthesize both beta-(1-->6) and beta-(1-->5)-linkages in an alternating fashion. Access to purified glfT is expected to facilitate the development of high-throughput assays for the identification of inhibitors of the enzyme, which are potential antituberculosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natisha L Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Vafiadi C, Topakas E, Alderwick LJ, Besra GS, Christakopoulos P. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of feruloyl d-arabinose as a potential anti-mycobacterial agent. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1771-4. [PMID: 17676274 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The feruloyl esterase (StFaeC) produced by Sporotrichum thermophile transfered the feruloyl group to D: -arabinose using a mixture of n-hexane, t-butanol and water. About 45% conversion of D: -arabinose to the feruloylated derivative was achieved. The compound had an MIC value against Mycobacterium bovis BCG of 25 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vafiadi
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, Athens, 15700, Greece
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Joe M, Bai Y, Nacario RC, Lowary TL. Synthesis of the Docosanasaccharide Arabinan Domain of Mycobacterial Arabinogalactan and a Proposed Octadecasaccharide Biosynthetic Precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:9885-901. [PMID: 17655235 DOI: 10.1021/ja072892+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two major components of the cell wall in mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), are polysaccharides containing arabinofuranose residues. In one of these polysaccharides, arabinogalactan, this arabinan domain consists of three identical motifs of 22 arabinofuranose residues, which are in turn attached to an underlying galactofuranan backbone. Recent studies have proposed that this docosanasaccharide motif, and a structurally related arabinan present in another cell wall polysaccharide, lipoarabinomannan, are biosynthesized from a common octadecasaccharide precursor. To facilitate the testing of this hypothesis, we report here the first total syntheses of these 18- and 22-residue oligosaccharides both functionalized with an aminooctyl linker arm. The route to the target compounds involved the preparation of four tri- to heptasaccharide building blocks possessing only benzoyl protecting groups that were coupled in a highly convergent manner via glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. Each of the targets could be prepared in only six steps from these intermediates, and in both cases more than 10 mg of material was obtained. These compounds are expected to be useful tools in probing the biosynthesis of these arabinan-containing polysaccharides. Such studies are essential prerequisites for the identification of novel anti-TB agents that target arabinan assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maju Joe
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Janin YL. Antituberculosis drugs: ten years of research. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:2479-513. [PMID: 17291770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is today amongst the worldwide health threats. As resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have slowly emerged, treatment failure is too often a fact, especially in countries lacking the necessary health care organisation to provide the long and costly treatment adapted to patients. Because of lack of treatment or lack of adapted treatment, at least two million people will die of tuberculosis this year. Due to this concern, this infectious disease was the focus of renewed scientific interest in the last decade. Regimens were optimized and much was learnt on the mechanisms of action of the antituberculosis drugs used. Moreover, the quest for original drugs overcoming some of the problems of current regimens also became the focus of research programmes and many new series of M. tuberculosis growth inhibitors were reported. This review presents the drugs currently used in antituberculosis treatments and the most advanced compounds undergoing clinical trials. We then provide a description of their mechanism of action along with other series of inhibitors known to act on related biochemical targets. This is followed by other inhibitors of M. tuberculosis growth, including recently reported compounds devoid of a reported mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves L Janin
- URA 2128 CNRS-Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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13
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Smellie IA, Bhakta S, Sim E, Fairbanks AJ. Synthesis of putative chain terminators of mycobacterial arabinan biosynthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2257-66. [PMID: 17609757 DOI: 10.1039/b704788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a variety of arabinose derivatives that have been modified at C-5 was achieved from d-arabinose. The 5-fluoro and 5-methoxy compounds were converted into the corresponding farnesyl phosphodiesters as putative chain terminators of mycobacterial arabinan biosynthesis. Biological testing of these materials revealed no effective anti-mycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Smellie
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3TA
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Joe M, Lowary TL. Synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro analogs of polyprenyl beta-D-arabinofuranosyl phosphates. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2723-30. [PMID: 16973140 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described is the synthesis of polyprenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl phosphate derivatives, including an analog of decaprenyl beta-D-arabinofuranosyl phosphate, the donor species used by the arabinosyltransferases involved in mycobacterial cell-wall biosynthesis. The targets were synthesized via a route involving the synthesis of a protected beta-D-arabinofuranosyl phosphate derivative, its coupling with a polyprenyl trichloroacetimidate, and then deprotection of the resulting product. The use of arabinofuranosyl phosphates with the monosaccharide hydroxyl groups protected as either silyl ethers or benzoate esters was explored. Although the coupling yields between the phosphate and polyprenyl trichloroacetimidates were comparable with either type of protecting group, access to the benzoyl-protected derivative was more efficient and therefore gave the products in higher overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maju Joe
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2G2
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An olefin cross metathesis approach to C-disaccharide analogs of the α-d-arabinofuranosyl-(1→5)-α-d-arabinofuranoside motif found in the mycobacterial cell wall. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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