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Emam SM, Rayes SME, Ali IAI, Soliman HA, Nafie MS. Synthesis of phthalazine-based derivatives as selective anti-breast cancer agents through EGFR-mediated apoptosis: in vitro and in silico studies. BMC Chem 2023; 17:90. [PMID: 37501139 PMCID: PMC10375784 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The parent 2-(4-benzyl-1-oxophthalazin-2(1H)-yl)-acetohydrazide (4) has twenty-nine compounds. The starting material for their corresponding mono, dipeptides and reactions with active methylene compounds were produced by chemoselective N-alkylation of 4-Benzyl-2H-phthalazin-1-one (2) with ethyl chloroacetate to afford (4-benzyl-1-oxo-1H-phthalazin-2-yl) methyl acetate (3). The ester 3 was hydrazinolyzed to give hydrazide 4, then azide 5 coupled with amino acid ester hydrochloride and/or amines to produce several monopeptides, then the methyl (2-(4-benzyl-1-oxophthalazin-2(1H)-yl) acetyl) glycinate (7a) was hydrazinolyzed to produce corresponding hydrazide 2-(4-benzyl-1-oxophthalazin-2(1H)-yl)-N-(2-hydrazineyl-2-oxo ethyl) acetamide (8a). The hydrazide 8a under azide coupling method was coupled with amino acid ester hydrochloride and/or amines to produce several dipeptides, and the hydrazide 8a was also condensed and/or cyclized with several carbonyl compounds. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was tested using MTT assay, as well as apoptosis-induction through EGFR inhibition. Compounds 11d, 12c and 12d exhibited potent cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 0.92, 1.89 and 0.57 μM against MDA-MB-231 cells compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 1.02 μM). Interestingly compound 12d exhibited promising potent EGFR inhibition with an IC50 value 21.4 nM compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 80 nM). For apoptosis, compound 12d induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by 64.4-fold (42.5% compared to 0.66 for the control); hence, this compound may serve as a potential target-oriented anti-breast cancer agent. These results agreed with the molecular docking studies that highlighted the binding disposition of compound 12d towards EGFR protein. Hence, compound 12d may serve as a potential and selective anti-breast cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Emam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Rayes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim A I Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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2
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Meanwell NA. The pyridazine heterocycle in molecular recognition and drug discovery. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-69. [PMID: 37362319 PMCID: PMC10015555 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The pyridazine ring is endowed with unique physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, a high dipole moment that subtends π-π stacking interactions and robust, dual hydrogen-bonding capacity that can be of importance in drug-target interactions. These properties contribute to unique applications in molecular recognition while the inherent polarity, low cytochrome P450 inhibitory effects and potential to reduce interaction of a molecule with the cardiac hERG potassium channel add additional value in drug discovery and development. The recent approvals of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist relugolix (24) and the allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib (25) represent the first examples of FDA-approved drugs that incorporate a pyridazine ring. In this review, the properties of the pyridazine ring are summarized in comparison to the other azines and its potential in drug discovery is illustrated through vignettes that explore applications that take advantage of the inherent physicochemical properties as an approach to solving challenges associated with candidate optimization. Graphical Abstract
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Raffaini G, Catauro M. Surface Interactions between Ketoprofen and Silica-Based Biomaterials as Drug Delivery System Synthesized via Sol–Gel: A Molecular Dynamics Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082759. [PMID: 35454451 PMCID: PMC9028380 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems for a controlled drug release are drawing increasing attention thanks to their possible pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. It is important to control the local administration of drugs, especially when the drug exhibits problems diffusing across biological barriers. Thus, in an appropriate concentration, it would be released in situ, reducing side effects due to interactions with the biological environment after implantation. A theoretical study based on Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics methods is performed to investigate possible surface interactions between the amorphous SiO2 surface and the ketoprofen molecules, an anti-inflammatory drug, considering the role of drug concentration. These theoretical results are compared with experimental data obtained by analyzing, through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the interaction between the SiO2 amorphous surface and two percentages of the ketoprofen drug entrapped in a silica matrix obtained via the sol–gel method and dried materials. The loaded drug in these amorphous bioactive material forms hydrogen bonds with the silica surface, as found in this theoretical study. The surface interactions are essential to have a new generation of biomaterials not only important for biocompatibility, with specific structural and functional properties, but also able to incorporate anti-inflammatory agents for release into the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Raffaini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering ‘‘Giulio Natta’’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20131 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Michelina Catauro
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (M.C.)
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4
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Mohd Imran, Mohammad Asif. Study of Various Pyridazine and Phthalazine Drugs with Diverse Therapeutical and Agrochemical Activities. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Asif M. Diverse Biologically Active Pyridazine Analogs: A Scaffold for the Highly Functionalized Heterocyclic Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079978018030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Synthesis & molecular modeling studies of bronchodilatory active indole–pyridine conjugates. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1787-1804. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Synthesis of novel bronchodilatory active indole–pyridine conjugates. Results/methodology: Indole–pyridine conjugates (6a–n, 8a–i and 10a–c) were synthesized in a facile pathway through reaction of 2-[(1-alkyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]malononitriles 4a,b with the corresponding ketone-containing compounds (5a–f, 7a–c and 9a,b) in the presence of sodium alkoxide. Single (6l, 8 g) and powder (6k, 8d) x-ray studies supported the structures. Results: Histamine precontracted isolated tracheal rings of guinea pig exhibited the potent bronchodilation properties of 6c (about double-fold potency relative to the standard reference, theophylline). Some of the synthesized conjugates (8d, 6c, 6f and 6e) revealed promising reduction of IL-8 production during lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammatory bioassay. Computational studies (3D pharmacophore, 2D-QSAR ‘quantitative structure–activity relationship’) showed high approximations to the bronchodilation properties and explained the parameters controlling biological observations.
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7
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A Synopsis of the Properties and Applications of Heteroaromatic Rings in Medicinal Chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Moustafa AH, El-Sayed HA, Abd El-Hady RA, Haikal AZ, El-Hashash M. Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antimicrobial Activity ofN- andS-Alkylated Phthalazine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Hassan A. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | | | | | - Maher El-Hashash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain-Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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9
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Beno BR, Yeung KS, Bartberger MD, Pennington LD, Meanwell NA. A Survey of the Role of Noncovalent Sulfur Interactions in Drug Design. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4383-438. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501853m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Beno
- Department of Computer-Assisted Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Michael D. Bartberger
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320, United States
| | - Lewis D. Pennington
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
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Janardan S, Suman P, Swapna G, Amrita A, Priya R, Siva R, Vijayakrishna K, Sivaramakrishna A. Evaluation of DNA Binding with Some Selected Hydrazide and Semicarbazide Derivatives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:596-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Dong C, Liao Z, Xu X, Zhou H. A New Pathway for Phthalazine DerivativesviaMetal-Free Cyclization ofortho-Alkynylphenyl Ketones and Hydrazine. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chune Dong
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zongquan Liao
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Haibing Zhou
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
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12
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Yaseen S, Ovais S, Bashir R, Rathore P, Samim M, Singh S, Nair V, Javed K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:491-8. [PMID: 23670888 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nine 4-arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide (2a-i) were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 2-aroylbenzoic acid (1a-i) and 4-hydrazinobenzenesulfonamide in ethanol. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and MS spectroscopy. Two compounds, 2b and 2i, showed significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of the standard drug celecoxib in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. These compounds (2b and 2i) had selective inhibitory activity towards the COX-2 enzyme. Compound 2b had a better selectivity ratio (COX-1/COX-2) compared to that of celecoxib and can be used as a novel template for the design of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Compounds 2d and 2i were screened for their antiproliferative activity toward 60 human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute (USA). The compounds 2d and 2i displayed mild activity toward the renal cancer cell line UO-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiya Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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13
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El-Wahab AHFA, Mohamed HM, El-Agrody AM, El-Nassag MA, Bedair AH. Synthesis, reactions and biological evaluation of benzyltriazolophthalazine derivatives. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2013; 4:10-19. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.4.1.10-19.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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14
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Nguyen HN, Cee VJ, Deak HL, Du B, Faber KP, Gunaydin H, Hodous BL, Hollis SL, Krolikowski PH, Olivieri PR, Patel VF, Romero K, Schenkel LB, Geuns-Meyer SD. Synthesis of 4-Substituted Chlorophthalazines, Dihydrobenzoazepinediones, 2-Pyrazolylbenzoic Acid, and 2-Pyrazolylbenzohydrazide via 3-Substituted 3-Hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3887-906. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor J. Cee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks,
California 91320, United States
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15
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El-Hashash MA, El-Kady AY, Taha MA, El-Shamy IE. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Condensed [4-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-1(2H)-oxo-phthalazin-2-yl]acetic Acid Hydrazide. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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El-Wahab AHA, Mohamed HM, El-Agrody AM, El-Nassag MA, Bedair AH. Synthesis and Biological Screening of 4-Benzyl-2H-phthalazine Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4058664 DOI: 10.3390/ph4081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of 4-benzyl-2-substituted phthalazin-1-one derivatives 2-8 is reported. Condensation of 4-benzyl-1-chlorophthalazine (9) with a series of different nucleophiles gave 4-benzylphthalazin-1-ylamino derivatives (10-13 and 16) and 4-amino-2-[N′-(4-benzylphthalazin-1-yl)-hydrazino]-6-arylpyrimidine-5-carbonitriles (14a,b). Interaction of 9 with ambident anions was also studied. 5-Benzyl-6,6a,12-triazobenzo[a]-anthracen-7-one (15) is obtained from 9 and anthranilic acid derivatives. Treatment of 16 with (EtO)3CH/Ac2O under reflux afforded the corresponding ethoxymethylene derivative 17, while aqueous ammonium hydroxide treatment afforded carboxamide derivative 18. The structures of the newly synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. Antimicrobial activities of some selected compounds were also studied and some of these were found to exhibit promising effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf H.F. Abd El-Wahab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 2097, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
| | - Hany M. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, 82621, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Agrody
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. El-Nassag
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Bedair
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Lamani DS, Reddy KRV, Naik HSB, Naik AB, Naik P. Synthesis, DNA Binding, and Antimicrobial Activity of Base-Catalyzed 2-Phenyl-3-pyrido[3,2][1,3,4]thiadiazolo [3,2]quinoline Derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500802705354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devappa S. Lamani
- a Department of Studies in Industrial Chemistry , Jnana Sahyadri Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
| | - K. R. Venugopala Reddy
- a Department of Studies in Industrial Chemistry , Jnana Sahyadri Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
| | - H. S. Bhojya Naik
- a Department of Studies in Industrial Chemistry , Jnana Sahyadri Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil B. Naik
- b Department of Physics , Karnataka University , Dharwad, India
| | - Prakash Naik
- a Department of Studies in Industrial Chemistry , Jnana Sahyadri Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
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18
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Studying the reactivity of (phthalazin-1(2H)-on-2-yl)methyl trichloroacetimidate towards different C- and O-nucleophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Keshk EM, El-Desoky SI, Hammouda MAA, Abdel-Rahman AH, Hegazi AG. Synthesis and Reactions of Some New Quinoline Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives of Potential Biological Activity. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701641304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Keshk
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - S. I. El-Desoky
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M. A. A. Hammouda
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - A. H. Abdel-Rahman
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - A. G. Hegazi
- b Microbiology Department , National Research Centre, Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
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20
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Zhai X, Li J, He L, Zheng S, Zhang YB, Gong P. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel 1,4-disubstituted phthalazines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Li J, Zhao YF, Yuan XY, Xu JX, Gong P. Synthesis and anticancer activities of novel 1,4-disubstituted phthalazines. Molecules 2006; 11:574-82. [PMID: 17971729 DOI: 10.3390/11070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2006] [Revised: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1-anilino-4-(arylsulfanylmethyl)phthalazines were designed and synthesized. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis and MS. The analogues 1-(3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-4-(3,4- difluorophenylthio-methyl)phthalazine (12) and 1-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylanilino)-4- (3,4-difluorophenyl-thiomethyl)phthalazine (13) showed higher activity than a cisplatin control when tested in vitro against two different cancer cell lines using the microculture tetrazolium method (MTT) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China.
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