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He Y, Yuan J, Lv WX, Liu P, Teng F, Mo Q, Wu Z, Huang C, Liu Q, Wang H. Simple nucleophile/H2O promoted defluorinative ring-opening of gem-difluorocyclopropenes. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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2
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The Molecular Mechanism of Retina Light Injury Focusing on Damage from Short Wavelength Light. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8482149. [PMID: 35498134 PMCID: PMC9042598 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8482149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural visible light is an electromagnetic wave composed of a spectrum of monochromatic wavelengths, each with a characteristic color. Photons are the basic units of light, and their wavelength correlates to the energy of light; short-wavelength photons carry high energy. The retina is a fragile neuronal tissue that senses light and generates visual signals conducted to the brain. However, excessive and intensive light exposure will cause retinal light damage. Within the visible spectrum, short-wavelength light, such as blue light, carries higher energy, and thus the retinal injury, is more significant when exposed to these wavelengths. The damage mechanism triggered by different short-wavelength light varies due to photons carrying different energy and being absorbed by different photosensitive molecules in the retinal neurons. However, photooxidation might be a common molecular step to initiate cell death. Herein, we summarize the historical understanding of light, the key molecular steps related to retinal light injury, and the death pathways of photoreceptors to further decipher the molecular mechanism of retinal light injury and explore potential neuroprotective strategies.
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3
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Park JW, Jung KH, Lee JH, Moon SH, Cho YS, Lee KH. Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 enhances the cytotoxic effect of retinaldehyde on A549 cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99382-99393. [PMID: 29245909 PMCID: PMC5725100 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that aldehyde dehydrogenase1 (ALDH1) protects cancer cells from retinaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity, and that targeting this enzyme would enhance the therapeutic effect of retinaldehyde. ALDEFLUOR™ assays showed high ALDH activity in A549 and H522 cancer cells and low activity in H1666 and T47D cancer cells. Immunoblots showed that expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 was high in A549 and H522 cells, but low in H1666 cells. HPLC confirmed that N, N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) inhibits ALDH-mediated disposal of retinaldehyde in A549 cells and lysates. Treatment of A549 cells with retinaldehyde in the presence of DEAB augmented reactive oxygen species production and decreased glucose uptake and oxygen consumption. Importantly, DEAB substantially potentiated the ability of retinaldehyde to dose-dependently suppress the survival of A549 and H522 cells, whereas the added effect of DEAB was minor in H1666 and T47D cells. Gene silencing with specific siRNA revealed that ALDH1A1 contributed to protection of A549 cells against retinaldehyde toxicity. These results demonstrate that ALDH1 confers protection against retinaldehyde toxicity in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seok Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Zhou J, Jiang X, Jin C, Guo Z, Su B, Su W. One-Pot l
-Proline-Mediated Stereoselective α-C(sp2
)-H Fluorination of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes through Methoxyfluorination-Elimination. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region; Green Pharmaceuticals; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Can Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region; Green Pharmaceuticals; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Bin Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region; Green Pharmaceuticals; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region; Green Pharmaceuticals; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou China
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5
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Abstract
Visual systems detect light by monitoring the effect of photoisomerization of a chromophore on the release of a neurotransmitter from sensory neurons, known as rod and cone photoreceptor cells in vertebrate retina. In all known visual systems, the chromophore is 11-cis-retinal complexed with a protein, called opsin, and photoisomerization produces all-trans-retinal. In mammals, regeneration of 11-cis-retinal following photoisomerization occurs by a thermally driven isomerization reaction. Additional reactions are required during regeneration to protect cells from the toxicity of aldehyde forms of vitamin A that are essential to the visual process. Photochemical and phototransduction reactions in rods and cones are identical; however, reactions of the rod and cone visual pigment regeneration cycles differ, and perplexingly, rod and cone regeneration cycles appear to use different mechanisms to overcome the energy barrier involved in converting all-trans- to 11-cis-retinoid. Abnormal processing of all-trans-retinal in the rod regeneration cycle leads to retinal degeneration, suggesting that excessive amounts of the retinoid itself or its derivatives are toxic. This line of reasoning led to the development of various approaches to modifying the activity of the rod visual cycle as a possible therapeutic approach to delay or prevent retinal degeneration in inherited retinal diseases and perhaps in the dry form of macular degeneration (geographic atrophy). In spite of great progress in understanding the functioning of rod and cone regeneration cycles at a molecular level, resolution of a number of remaining puzzling issues will offer insight into the amelioration of several blinding retinal diseases.
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6
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Kajjout M, Smietana M, Leroy J, Rolando C. A new approach to the synthesis of (Z)-2-fluoro-2-alkenals via Wittig-type carbonyl condensation reactions of 2-(fluoromethyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-oxazine phosphonium bromide. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Abstract
The chromophore of all known visual pigments consists of 11-cis-retinal (derived from either vitamin A1 or A2) or a hydroxylated derivative, bound to a protein (opsin) via a Schiff base. Absorption of a photon results in photoisomerization of the chromophore to all-trans-retinal and conversion of the visual pigment to the signaling form. Regeneration of the 11-cis-retinal occurs in an adjacent tissue and involves several enzymes, several water-soluble retinoid-binding proteins, and intra- and intercellular diffusional processes. Rod photoreceptor cells depend completely on the output of 11-cis-retinal from adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Cone photoreceptors cells can use 11-cis-retinal from the RPE and from a second more poorly characterized cycle, which appears to involve adjacent Müller (glial) cells. Recent progress in the characterization of rod and cone visual cycle components and reactions will result in the development of approaches to the amelioration of blinding eye diseases associated with visual cycle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Saari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, USA.
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8
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Chen Y, Okano K, Maeda T, Chauhan V, Golczak M, Maeda A, Palczewski K. Mechanism of all-trans-retinal toxicity with implications for stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:5059-69. [PMID: 22184108 PMCID: PMC3281612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.315432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised clearance of all-trans-retinal (atRAL), a component of the retinoid cycle, increases the susceptibility of mouse retina to acute light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice featuring defective atRAL clearance were used to examine the one or more underlying molecular mechanisms, because exposure to intense light causes severe photoreceptor degeneration in these animals. Here we report that bright light exposure of Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice increased atRAL levels in the retina that induced rapid NADPH oxidase-mediated overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, such ROS generation was inhibited by blocking phospholipase C and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca(2+) release, indicating that activation occurs upstream of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation. Because multiple upstream G protein-coupled receptors can activate phospholipase C, we then tested the effects of antagonists of serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)R) and M(3)-muscarinic (M(3)R) receptors and found they both protected Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mouse retinas from light-induced degeneration. Thus, a cascade of signaling events appears to mediate the toxicity of atRAL in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration of Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice. A similar mechanism may be operative in human Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/genetics
- Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/metabolism
- Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/pathology
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Light/adverse effects
- Macular Degeneration/genetics
- Macular Degeneration/metabolism
- Macular Degeneration/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/metabolism
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Retinaldehyde/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Type C Phospholipases/genetics
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and
| | | | - Tadao Maeda
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and
- Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4965
| | - Vishal Chauhan
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and
- Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4965
| | | | - Akiko Maeda
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and
- Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4965
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9
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Maeda A, Golczak M, Chen Y, Okano K, Kohno H, Shiose S, Ishikawa K, Harte W, Palczewska G, Maeda T, Palczewski K. Primary amines protect against retinal degeneration in mouse models of retinopathies. Nat Chem Biol 2011; 8:170-8. [PMID: 22198730 PMCID: PMC3518042 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate vision is initiated by photoisomerization of the visual pigment chromophore 11-cis-retinal and is maintained by continuous regeneration of this retinoid through a series of reactions termed the retinoid cycle. However, toxic side reaction products, especially those involving reactive aldehyde groups of the photoisomerized product, all-trans-retinal, can cause severe retinal pathology. Here we lowered peak concentrations of free all-trans-retinal with primary amine-containing Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that did not inhibit chromophore regeneration in mouse models of retinal degeneration. Schiff base adducts between all-trans-retinal and these amines were identified by MS. Adducts were observed in mouse eyes only when an experimental drug protected the retina from degeneration in both short-term and long-term treatment experiments. This study demonstrates a molecular basis of all-trans-retinal-induced retinal pathology and identifies an assemblage of FDA-approved compounds with protective effects against this pathology in a mouse model that shows features of Stargardt's disease and age-related retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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10
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Zemmouri R, Kajjout M, Castanet Y, Eddarir S, Rolando C. Palladium-catalyzed stereoconvergent formylation of (E/Z)-β-bromo-β-fluorostyrenes: straightforward access to (Z)-α-fluorocinnamic aldehydes and (Z)-β-fluorocinnamic alcohols. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7691-8. [PMID: 21812490 DOI: 10.1021/jo200798h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here the stereoconvergent formylation of (E/Z)-β-bromo-β-fluorostyrene mixtures with carbon monoxide and sodium formate catalyzed by palladium. Optimization of reaction conditions leads to the corresponding pure (Z)-α-fluorocinnamaldehydes in good yields. The reaction was extended to styrenes bearing electro-attracting or electro-donating groups. The obtained α-fluoroaldehydes were smoothly reduced to the corresponding (Z)-β-fluorocinnamic alcohol by NaBH(4). The reaction could be performed on functionalized substrates as demonstrated by the access to the glucoside of β-fluoroconiferyl alcohol, (Z)-β-fluoroconiferin, a strong inhibitor of lignin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajae Zemmouri
- USR CNRS 3290, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, Université de Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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11
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Landelle G, Bergeron M, Turcotte-Savard MO, Paquin JF. Synthetic approaches to monofluoroalkenes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2867-908. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Retinal pigment epithelial cells: biological property and application in Parkinsonʼs disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200703010-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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