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Wu YJ, Meanwell NA. Geminal Diheteroatomic Motifs: Some Applications of Acetals, Ketals, and Their Sulfur and Nitrogen Homologues in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9786-9874. [PMID: 34213340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetals and ketals and their nitrogen and sulfur homologues are often considered to be unconventional and potentially problematic scaffolding elements or pharmacophores for the design of orally bioavailable drugs. This opinion is largely a function of the perception that such motifs might be chemically unstable under the acidic conditions of the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract. However, even simple acetals and ketals, including acyclic molecules, can be sufficiently robust under acidic conditions to be fashioned into orally bioavailable drugs, and these structural elements are embedded in many effective therapeutic agents. The chemical stability of molecules incorporating geminal diheteroatomic motifs can be modulated by physicochemical design principles that include the judicious deployment of proximal electron-withdrawing substituents and conformational restriction. In this Perspective, we exemplify geminal diheteroatomic motifs that have been utilized in the discovery of orally bioavailable drugs or drug candidates against the backdrop of understanding their potential for chemical lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery and Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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2
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Eaton MC, Knight BJ, Brahmi R, Ferreira RB, Catalano VJ, Rheingold AL, Ghiviriga I, Murray LJ. Synthetic Factors Governing Access to Tris(β-diketimine) Cyclophanes versus Tripodal Tri-β-aminoenones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13579-13588. [PMID: 33107735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes are an important ligand class for investigating cooperative multimetallic interactions of bioinorganic clusters. Discussed herein are the synthetic factors governing access to tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes versus tripodal tri-β-aminoenones. Cyclophanes bearing Me, Et, and MeO cap substituents and β-Me, Et, or Ph arm substituents are obtained, and a modified condensation method produced α-Me β-Me cyclophane. These operationally simple procedures produce the ligands in gram quantities and in 22-94% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Eaton
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brian J Knight
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Robin Brahmi
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ricardo B Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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3
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Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of novel kyotorphin-nitroxide hybrid molecules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2005-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Nicolaou KC, Cai Q, Sun H, Qin B, Zhu S. Total Synthesis of Trioxacarcins DC-45-A1, A, D, C, and C7″-epi-C and Full Structural Assignment of Trioxacarcin C. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3118-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry,
BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Chemistry,
BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hongbao Sun
- Department of Chemistry,
BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Chemistry,
BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shugao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry,
BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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5
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Zeng L, Xu G, Gao P, Zhang M, Li H, Zhang J. Design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel class of glucosamine mimetic peptides containing 1,3-dioxane. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:109-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Wang J, Zhao Y, Men L, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Sun T, Geng Y, Yu Z. Secondary Metabolites of the Marine Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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8
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Novel β-carboline-tripeptide conjugates attenuate mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2441-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Tang S, Xie X, Wang X, He L, Xu K, She X. Concise Total Syntheses of (+)-Strictifolione and (6R)-6-[(4R,6R)-4,6-Dihydroxy-10-phenyldec-1-enyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8234-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101875w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shibing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuer He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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Bi W, Bi Y, Xue P, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang Z, Li M, Baudy-Floc’h M, Ngerebara N, Gibson KM, Bi L. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Indole Derivatives Reveal Improved Therapeutic Agents for Treatment of Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6763-7. [PMID: 20731361 DOI: 10.1021/jm100529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bi
- Department of Surgery, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yue Bi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Surgery, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Michèle Baudy-Floc’h
- UMR 6226 CNRS, ICMV, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes I, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Rüger AJ, Nieger M, Es-Sayed M, Bräse S. Novel 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3-Dioxanes and Oxazolidines as Potential Chemoprevention Agents and Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Huang F, Zhao M, Zhang X, Wang C, Qian K, Kuo RY, Morris-Natschke S, Lee KH, Peng S. Synthesis, DNA intercalation and 3D QSAR analysis of cis-2,4,5-trisubstituted-1,3-dithiolanes as a novel class of antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6085-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li X, Zhao M, Tang YR, Wang C, Zhang Z, Peng S. N-[2-(5,5-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl)ethyl]amino acids: Their synthesis, anti-inflammatory evaluation and QSAR analysis. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:8-18. [PMID: 17498849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Developing novel anti-inflammatory drugs is increasingly important in modern pharmaceutical industry. In this work, the reactions of both amino acids and their methylesters with 3-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl)propanal (2) were performed to either directly provide the goal products N-[2-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl)ethyl]amino acids (4a-s) in 9-65% yields or provide the intermediates N-[2-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl)ethyl]amino acid methylesters (3a-s) in 78-87% yields. The saponification of 3a-s provided 4a-s in 80-89% yields. Using a xylene-induced ear edema model, the anti-inflammatory activities of these newly synthesized anti-inflammatory agents were evaluated. The results indicated that comparing to the vehicle control 17 out of 4a-s significantly inhibited the development of inflammation in mice (p<0.01). In particular, eight out of 4a-s exhibited an even higher anti-inflammatory activity than the standard reference drug aspirin (p<0.05-0.01). A QSAR analysis was performed by use of the molecular descriptors generated from e-dragon software. The predictive accuracy of the established QSAR model implies that it may be promising for screening the new derivatives of 2-position amino acid substituted 1,3-dioxanes as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Gu K, Bi L, Zhao M, Wang C, Ju J, Peng S. Toward the development of chemoprevention agents. Part II: Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities of a new class of 5-amino-2-substitutedphenyl-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6273-90. [PMID: 17609123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A new series of optically pure 5-amino-2-substitutedphenyl-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes were designed and synthesized via a chemo-enzymatic combined method to develop new chemoprevention agents. Twenty-four of newly synthesized compounds significantly inhibited xylene-induced rat ear edema and exhibited comparable or better anti-inflammatory activities than the reference drug aspirin. Treatment of these anti-inflammatory agents did not prolong the tail bleeding time in rat. In addition, 5-amino-2-substitutedphenyl-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes exhibited good membrane permeability based on in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability assay. Furthermore, some preliminary structure-activity relationships were further analyzed among these compounds. Taken together, 5-amino-2-substitutedphenyl-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes may represent a new class of anti-inflammatory drugs with safer pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, PR China
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Gu K, Bi L, Zhao M, Wang C, Ju J, Peng S. Toward the development of chemoprevention agents. Part 1: Design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory activities of a new class of 2,5-disubstituted-dioxacycloalkanes. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4775-99. [PMID: 17512740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new class of 2,5-disubstituted-dioxacycloalkanes were designed and synthesized via stereoselective synthetic method as cancer chemoprevention agents. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were tested using the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model. Some of these compounds exhibited comparable or better anti-inflammatory activities than that of aspirin suggesting that they can be further developed as potential anti-inflammatory drug lead compounds. In addition, treatment of these anti-inflammatory agents did not prolong tail bleeding time in mice. The structure/activity relationships were also analyzed among these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, PR China
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17
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Gu K, Bi L, Zhao M, Wang C, Dolan C, Kao MC, Tok JBH, Peng S. Stereoselective synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities of 6- and 7-membered dioxacycloalkanes. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:1339-47. [PMID: 16263290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A class of 5-trifluoroacetylamino-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes, 5-benzoylamino-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes, and 5-amino-1,3-dioxacycloalkane compounds were stereoselectively synthesized as potential anti-inflammatory drug candidates. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were tested using the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model, from which multiple compounds possessing anti-inflammatory properties which surpass aspirin were identified; these compounds were then compared to establish structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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