Versatile synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3-diamino-substituted 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogues

Structural analysis and biological activities of C25-amino and C25-nitro vitamin D analogs

Intense synthetic efforts have been directed towards the development of noncalcemic analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. We describe here the structural analysis and biological evaluation of two derivatives of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ with modifications limited to the replacement of the 25-hydroxyl group by a 25-amino or 25-nitro groups. Both compounds are agonists of the vitamin D receptor. They mediate biological effects similar to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, the 25-amino derivative being the most potent one while being less calcemic than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. The in vivo properties of the compounds make them of potential therapeutic value.

Synthesis of vitamin D3 analogues with A-ring modifications to directly measure vitamin D levels in biological samples

C-3-substituted 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 analogues were synthesized as tools to directly measure levels of vitamin D in biological samples. The strategy involves vinyloxycarbonylation of the 3β-hydroxy group and formation of a carbamate bond with a hydroxyl or amino group at the end of the alkyl chain. Biotinylated conjugates of synthesized derivatives were generated to be linked with vitamin D binding protein (DBP). The spacer group present in the alkyl chain is important in the binding of antibodies to the analogue-DBP complex. When compared to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-DBP, the binding of some antibodies to the analogue-DBP complex of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 derivative 10 that posses an 8-aminoctyl alkyl chain is significantly reduced, but this analogue displaced [26,27-(3)H]-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 from DBP. In contrast, the 8-hydroxyoctyl alkyl chain analogue 9 showed less displacement.