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Güngör T, Önder FC, Tokay E, Gülhan ÜG, Hacıoğlu N, Tok TT, Çelik A, Köçkar F, Ay M. PRODRUGS FOR NITROREDUCTASE BASED CANCER THERAPY- 2: Novel amide/Ntr combinations targeting PC3 cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:383-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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2
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Azab ME, Khalifa NM, Sediek AA, Sabry NM, Al-Omar MM, Amr AEGE. Synthesis and Characterization of Some New N-Glycosides of Pyridine-2,6-bis-Carboxamides Derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 35:435-44. [PMID: 27556782 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pyridine-bridged 2,6-bis-carboxamide N-β-glycosides and Schiff's bases has been prepared starting from 2,6-bis-carboxamide pyridine hydrazide, which on treatment with appropriate monosaccharides, aromatic or heterocyclic aldehydes, and indoline-2,3-dione derivatives afforded the corresponding sugar hydrazones and pyridine-bridged 2,6-bis-carboxamide Schiff's bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Azab
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Abbassia , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nagy M Khalifa
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,c Therapeutical Chemistry Department , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Sediek
- d Chemical Industries Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt.,e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Al-Kamil Branch , University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermein M Sabry
- d Chemical Industries Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Al-Omar
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Galil E Amr
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,d Chemical Industries Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
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Piskov VB, Chernyshev VP, Karakotov SD. M-Dinitroaromatic Moiety as a Fragment of Biologically Active Compounds. Pharm Chem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-016-1361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Synthesis, molecular docking of novel 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives and their cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell lines. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Saradhi UVRV, Gupta SV, Chiu M, Wang J, Ling Y, Liu Z, Newman DJ, Covey JM, Kinghorn AD, Marcucci G, Lucas DM, Grever MR, Phelps MA, Chan KK. Characterization of silvestrol pharmacokinetics in mice using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. AAPS J 2011; 13:347-56. [PMID: 21499689 PMCID: PMC3160157 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of the plant natural product silvestrol in mice, using ansamitocin P-3 as the internal standard. The method was validated in plasma with a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL, accuracy ranging from 87 to 114%, and precision (coefficient of variation) below 15%. The validated method was used to characterize pharmacokinetics in C57BL/6 mice and metabolism in mouse, human and rat plasma, and liver microsomes. Mice were dosed with silvestrol formulated in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin via intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral routes followed by blood sampling up to 24 h. Intraperitoneal systemic availability was 100%, but oral administration resulted in only 1.7% bioavailability. Gradual degradation of silvestrol was observed in mouse and human plasma, with approximately 60% of the parent drug remaining after 6 h. In rat plasma, however, silvestrol was completely converted to silvestric acid (SA) within 10 min. Evaluation in microsomes provided further evidence that the main metabolite formed was SA, which subsequently showed no cytotoxic or cytostatic activity in a silvestrol-sensitive lymphoblastic cell line. The ability of the analytical assay to measure tissue levels of silvestrol was evaluated in liver, brain, kidney, and spleen. Results indicated the method was capable of accurately measuring tissue levels of silvestrol and suggested it has a relatively low distribution to brain. Together, these data suggest an overall favorable pharmacokinetic profile of silvestrol in mice and provide crucial information for its continued development toward potential clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. V. R. Vijaya Saradhi
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Sneha V. Gupta
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Ming Chiu
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Yonghua Ling
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Zhongfa Liu
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
| | | | | | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
- />College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - David M. Lucas
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
- />College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - Michael R. Grever
- />College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - Mitch A. Phelps
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
- />College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - Kenneth K. Chan
- />College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA
- />College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
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Jacobs RT, Nare B, Phillips MA. State of the art in African trypanosome drug discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 11:1255-74. [PMID: 21401507 PMCID: PMC3101707 DOI: 10.2174/156802611795429167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
African sleeping sickness is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa where the WHO estimates that 60 million people are at risk for the disease. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is 100% fatal if untreated and the current drug therapies have significant limitations due to toxicity and difficult treatment regimes. No new chemical agents have been approved since eflornithine in 1990. The pentamidine analog DB289, which was in late stage clinical trials for the treatment of early stage HAT recently failed due to toxicity issues. A new protocol for the treatment of late-stage T. brucei gambiense that uses combination nifurtomox/eflornithine (NECT) was recently shown to have better safety and efficacy than eflornithine alone, while being easier to administer. This breakthrough represents the only new therapy for HAT since the approval of eflornithine. A number of research programs are on going to exploit the unusual biochemical pathways in the parasite to identify new targets for target based drug discovery programs. HTS efforts are also underway to discover new chemical entities through whole organism screening approaches. A number of inhibitors with anti-trypanosomal activity have been identified by both approaches, but none of the programs are yet at the stage of identifying a preclinical candidate. This dire situation underscores the need for continued effort to identify new chemical agents for the treatment of HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Jacobs
- SCYNEXIS, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2878
| | - Bakela Nare
- SCYNEXIS, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2878
| | - Margaret A. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041
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Endeshaw MM, Li C, de Leon J, Yao N, Latibeaudiere K, Premalatha K, Morrissette N, Werbovetz KA. Synthesis and evaluation of oryzalin analogs against Toxoplasma gondii. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5179-83. [PMID: 20675138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of 20 dinitroanilines and related compounds against the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is reported. Using in vitro cultures of parasites in human fibroblasts, we determined that most of these compounds selectively disrupted Toxoplasma microtubules, and several displayed sub-micromolar potency against the parasite. The most potent compound was N(1),N(1)-dipropyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine (18b), which displayed an IC(50) value of 36 nM against intracellular T. gondii. Based on these data and another recent report [Ma, C.; Tran, J.; Gu, F.; Ochoa, R.; Li, C.; Sept, D.; Werbovetz, K.; Morrissette, N. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010, 54, 1453], an antimitotic structure-activity relationship for dinitroanilines versus Toxoplasma is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla M Endeshaw
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1291, USA
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Dinitroaniline activity in Toxoplasma gondii expressing wild-type or mutant alpha-tubulin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:1453-60. [PMID: 20145086 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01150-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human parasite Toxoplasma gondii is sensitive to dinitroaniline compounds which selectively disrupt microtubules in diverse protozoa but which have no detectable effect on vertebrate host cell microtubules or other functions. Replication of wild-type T. gondii is inhibited by 0.5 to 2.5 microM oryzalin, but mutant parasites harboring amino acid substitutions in the predicted dinitroaniline binding site confer resistance up to 40 microM oryzalin. However, the precise interaction between dinitroanilines and the binding site in alpha-tubulin remains unclear. We have investigated the activity of 12 dinitroanilines and the related compound amiprophos methyl on wild-type and dinitroaniline-resistant parasite lines that contain proposed binding site mutations. These data indicate that dinitramine is the most effective dinitroaniline to inhibit Toxoplasma growth in wild-type parasites and most resistant lines. Dinitramine has an amine group at the meta position not present in any of the other dinitroanilines tested here that is predicted to form hydrogen bonds with residues Arg2 and Gln133 according to docking data. Remarkably, although the binding site mutation Ile235Val confers increased resistance to most dinitroanilines, it confers increased sensitivity to GB-II-5, a compound optimized for activity against kinetoplastid tubulin. Kinetoplastid parasites have a valine at position 235 of alpha-tubulin, whereas apicomplexan parasites have an isoleucine at this site. We suggest that this heterogeneity in binding site environment influences relative dinitroaniline sensitivity in distinct protozoan lineages and hypothesize that a mutation that makes the apicomplexan dinitroaniline binding site more like the kinetoplastid site increases sensitivity to a dinitroaniline optimized for activity in the latter parasites.
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Dea-Ayuela MA, Castillo E, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Vega C, Rolón M, Bolás-Fernández F, Borrás J, González-Rosende ME. In vivo and in vitro anti-leishmanial activities of 4-nitro-N-pyrimidin- and N-pyrazin-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides, and N2-(4-nitrophenyl)-N1-propylglycinamide. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7449-56. [PMID: 19811921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds containing the nitrobenzene and sulfonamido moieties were synthesized and their leishmanicidal effect was assessed in vitro against Leishmaniainfantum promastigotes. Among the compounds evaluated, the p-nitrobenzenesulfonamides 4Aa and 4Ba, and the p-nitroaniline 5 showed significant activity with a good selectivity index. In a Balb/c mice model of L. Infantum, administration of compounds 4Aa, 4Ba or 5 (5mg/kg/day for 10 days, injected ip route) led to a clear-cut parasite burden reduction (ca. 99%). In an attempt to elucidate their mechanism of action, the DNA interaction of 4Aa and 5 was investigated by means of viscosity studies, thermal denaturation and nuclease activity assay. Both compounds showed nuclease activity in the presence of copper salt. The results suggest that compounds 4Aa, 4Ba and 5 represent possible candidates for drug development in the therapeutic control of leishmaniasis.
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Morgan RE, Ahn S, Nzimiro S, Fotie J, Phelps MA, Cotrill J, Yakovich AJ, Sackett DL, Dalton JT, Werbovetz KA. Inhibitors of tubulin assembly identified through screening a compound library. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 72:513-24. [PMID: 19090918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin is the proposed target for drugs against cancer and helminths and is also a validated target in kinetoplastid parasites. With the aim of identifying new lead compounds against Leishmania sp., tubulin isolated from L. tarentolae was used to screen a 10 000 compound library. One compound, Chembridge No. 7992831 (5), displayed an IC(50) of 13 microm against Leishmania tubulin in an in vitro assembly assay and showed a greater than threefold selectivity over mammalian tubulin. Another compound, Chembridge No. 9067250 (8), exhibited good activity against mammalian tubulin (IC(50) = 5.0 microm). This compound was also toxic to several cancer cell lines with IC(50) values in the region of 1 microm. Subsequent testing of analogues of 8 contained within the library identified two compounds with greater potency against mammalian tubulin (IC(50) values of 1.1 and 2.8 microm). The more potent antitubulin agent also showed promising activity against cancer cell lines in vitro, with IC(50) values ranging from 0.18 to 0.73 microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Morgan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Morgan RE, Werbovetz KA. Selective lead compounds against kinetoplastid tubulin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 625:33-47. [PMID: 18365657 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-77570-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites are responsible for the potentially fatal diseases leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease. The current treatments for these diseases are far from ideal and new compounds are needed as antiparasitic drug candidates. Tubulin is the accepted target for treatments against cancer and helminths, suggesting that kinetoplastid tubulin is also a suitable target for antiprotozoal compounds. Selective lead compounds against kinetoplastid tubulin have been identified that could represent a starting point for the development of new drug candidates against these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Morgan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Fennell BJ, Naughton JA, Barlow J, Brennan G, Fairweather I, Hoey E, McFerran N, Trudgett A, Bell A. Microtubules as antiparasitic drug targets. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:501-18. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.5.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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George TG, Endeshaw MM, Morgan RE, Mahasenan KV, Delfín DA, Mukherjee MS, Yakovich AJ, Fotie J, Li C, Werbovetz KA. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of 3,5-substituted-N1-phenyl-N4,N4-di-n-butylsulfanilamides as antikinetoplastid antimicrotubule agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6071-9. [PMID: 17618122 PMCID: PMC1994923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dinitroanilines are of interest as antiprotozoal lead compounds because of their selective activity against the tubulin of these organisms, but concern has been raised due to the potentially mutagenic nitro groups. Analogues of N(1)-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N(4),N(4)-di-n-butylsulfanilamide (GB-II-150, compound 2b), a selective antimitotic agent against African trypanosomes and Leishmania, have been prepared where the nitro groups are replaced with amino, chloro, cyano, carboxylate, methyl ester, amide, and methyl ketone moieties. Dicyano compound 5 displays IC(50) values that are comparable to 2b against purified leishmanial tubulin assembly (6.6 vs 7.4 microM), Trypanosoma brucei brucei growth in vitro (0.26 vs 0.18 microM), Leishmania donovani axenic amastigote growth in vitro (4.4 vs 2.3 microM), and in vitro toxicity against Vero cells (16 vs 9.7 microM). Computational studies provide a rationale for the antiparasitic order of activity of these analogues and further insight into the role of the substituents at the 3 and 5 positions of the sulfanilamide ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesmol G George
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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