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Teodori E, Braconi L, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Dei S. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline Scaffold in ABC Transporter Inhibitors that Act as Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversers. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2535-2569. [PMID: 36284399 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221025111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of anticancer chemotherapy is often due to the development of resistance to a variety of anticancer drugs. This phenomenon is called multidrug resistance (MDR) and is related to the overexpression of ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance- associated protein 1 and breast cancer resistance protein. Over the past few decades, several ABC protein modulators have been discovered and studied as a possible approach to evade MDR and increase the success of anticancer chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the co-administration of pump inhibitors with cytotoxic drugs, which are substrates of the transporters, does not appear to be associated with an improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor agents. However, more recently discovered MDR reversing agents, such as the two tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives tariquidar and elacridar, are characterized by high affinity towards the ABC proteins and by reduced negative properties. Consequently, many analogs of these two derivatives have been synthesized, with the aim of optimizing their MDR reversal properties. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the MDR modulators carrying the tetraidroisoquinoline scaffold reported in the literature in the period 2009-2021, highlighting the structural characteristics that confer potency and/or selectivity towards the three ABC transport proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Many compounds have been synthesized in the last twelve years showing interesting properties, both in terms of potency and selectivity. Although clear structure-activity relationships can be drawn only by considering strictly related compounds, some of the compounds reviewed could be promising starting points for the design of new ABC protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Quan X, Du H, Xu J, Hou X, Gong X, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Jiang J, Lu L, Yuan S, Yang X, Shi L, Sun L. Novel Quinoline Compound Derivatives of NSC23925 as Potent Reversal Agents Against P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance. Front Chem 2020; 7:820. [PMID: 31921759 PMCID: PMC6931887 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a serious problem and a common cause of cancer treatment failure, leading to patient death. Although numerous reversal resistance inhibitors have been evaluated in preclinical or clinical trials, efficient and low-toxicity reversal agents have not been identified. In this study, a series of novel quinoline compound derivatives from NSC23925 were designed to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Among them, YS-7a showed a stronger inhibitory effect against P-gp than verapamil, as a positive control, when co-incubated with chemotherapy drugs at minimally cytotoxic concentrations. YS-7a suppressed the P-gp transport function without affecting the expression of P-gp but stimulated the ATPase activity of P-gp in a dose-dependent manner. Next, molecular docking was used to predict the six most probable binding sites, namely, SER270, VAL273, VAL274, ILE354, VAL357, and PHE390. Moreover, YS-7a had no effect on cytochrome P450 3A4 activity and showed little toxicity to normal cells. In addition, combined treatment of YS-7a with vincristine showed a better inhibitory effect than the positive control verapamil in vivo without a negative effect on mouse weight. Overall, our results showed that YS-7a could reverse cancer multidrug resistance through the inhibition of P-gp transport function in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that YS-7a may be a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Quan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
With an aim to generate non-toxic, specific and highly potent multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators, a novel series of anthranilic acid amide-substituted tariquidar derivatives were synthesized. The new compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity toward normal human colon fibroblasts (CCD18-Co), human gastric epithelial cell line (HFE) and primary rat liver cells, and for their ability to inhibit P-gp/BCRP-mediated drug efflux and reversal of P-gp and BCRP-mediated MDR in parental and drug-resistant cancer cell lines (LCC6 MDR1, MCF-7 FLV1000, R-HepG2, SW620-Ad300). While tariquidar is highly toxic to normal cells, the new derivatives exhibited much lower or negligible cytotoxicity. Some of the new tariquidar derivatives inhibited both P-gp and BCRP-mediated drug efflux whereas a few of them bearing a sulfonamide functional group (1, 5, and 16) are specific to P-gp. The new compounds were also found to potentiate the anticancer activity of the transporter substrate anticancer drugs in the corresponding transporter-overexpressing cell lines. The extent of resistance reversal was found to be consistent with the transporter inhibitory effect of the new derivatives. To further understand the mechanism of P-gp and BCRP inhibition, the tariquidar derivatives were found to interact with the transporters using an antibody-based UIC2 or 5D3 shift assay. Moreover, the transporters-inhibiting derivatives were found to modulate the ATPase activities of the two MDR transporters. Our data thus advocate further development of the new compounds for the circumvention of MDR.
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Ween MP, Armstrong MA, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. The role of ABC transporters in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:220-56. [PMID: 26100653 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of ovarian cancer patients develop chemoresistance which results in a lethal course of the disease. A well-established cause of chemoresistance involves the family of ATP-binding cassette transporters, or ABC transporters that transport a wide range of substrates including metabolic products, nutrients, lipids, and drugs across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. Expressions of various ABC transporters, shown to reduce the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapy drugs, are increased following chemotherapy and impact on ovarian cancer survival. Although clinical trials to date using ABC transporter inhibitors have been disappointing, ABC transporter inhibition remains an attractive potential adjuvant to chemotherapy. A greater understanding of their physiological functions and role in ovarian cancer chemoresistance will be important for the development of more effective targeted therapies. This article will review the role of the ABC transporter family in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance as well as the clinical attempts used to date to reverse chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ween
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
| | - M A Armstrong
- Data Management and Analysis Centre, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - M K Oehler
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Ricciardelli
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Saito N, Suwanborirux K, Kimura S, Pangkruang W, Yokoya M, Honda A, Puthongking P. Isolation, Structure Characterization, and Synthesis of Stabilized 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline Marine Natural Product from Potassium Cyanide Pretreated Thai Tunicate, Ecteinascidia thurstoni. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Leong MK, Chen HB, Shih YH. Prediction of promiscuous p-glycoprotein inhibition using a novel machine learning scheme. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33829. [PMID: 22439003 PMCID: PMC3306300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent membrane transporter that plays a pivotal role in eliminating xenobiotics by active extrusion of xenobiotics from the cell. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is highly associated with the over-expression of P-gp by cells, resulting in increased efflux of chemotherapeutical agents and reduction of intracellular drug accumulation. It is of clinical importance to develop a P-gp inhibition predictive model in the process of drug discovery and development. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An in silico model was derived to predict the inhibition of P-gp using the newly invented pharmacophore ensemble/support vector machine (PhE/SVM) scheme based on the data compiled from the literature. The predictions by the PhE/SVM model were found to be in good agreement with the observed values for those structurally diverse molecules in the training set (n = 31, r(2) = 0.89, q(2) = 0.86, RMSE = 0.40, s = 0.28), the test set (n = 88, r(2) = 0.87, RMSE = 0.39, s = 0.25) and the outlier set (n = 11, r(2) = 0.96, RMSE = 0.10, s = 0.05). The generated PhE/SVM model also showed high accuracy when subjected to those validation criteria generally adopted to gauge the predictivity of a theoretical model. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This accurate, fast and robust PhE/SVM model that can take into account the promiscuous nature of P-gp can be applied to predict the P-gp inhibition of structurally diverse compounds that otherwise cannot be done by any other methods in a high-throughput fashion to facilitate drug discovery and development by designing drug candidates with better metabolism profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max K Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Synthesis and evaluation of [11C]XR9576 to assess the function of drug efflux transporters using PET. Ann Nucl Med 2010; 24:403-12. [PMID: 20361276 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-010-0373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE XR9576 (tariquidar) is an anthranilic acid derivative and potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. XR9576 has undergone phase I and II studies as combined chemotherapy against cancer. XR9576 has been developed as a useful therapeutic agent but not as a PET probe. We therefore developed [(11)C]XR9576 as a PET probe and assessed whether PET studies using [(11)C]XR9576 are a promising approach to assess P-gp function primarily. METHODS We synthesized [(11)C]XR9576 by methylation of 7-O-desmethyl XR9576 with [(11)C]methyl iodide. In in vivo tissue distribution, the effects of co-injection with XR9576 on the uptake of [(11)C]XR9576 in mice were investigated. PET studies using [(11)C]XR9576 were performed in P-gp and/or Bcrp knockout mice as well as in wild-type mice. Metabolites of [(11)C]XR9576 were measured in the brain and plasma of mice. RESULTS [(11)C]XR9576 was successfully synthesized with suitable radioactivity for injection as well as appropriate radiochemical purity and stability. In in vivo tissue distribution, the brain uptake of [(11)C]XR9576 significantly increased about tenfold of control on co-injection with >10 mg/kg of XR9576. In PET studies, the AUC(brain) ([0-60 min]) in P-gp and P-gp/Bcrp knockout mice was 2- and 11-fold higher than that in wild-type mice. [(11)C]XR9576 showed a high metabolic stability (>90% unchanged form) in the brain and plasma of mice 30 min after injection. These results suggest that a tracer amount of [(11)C]XR9576 behave as the P-gp and Bcrp substrate, and the increased brain uptake or AUC(brain) of [(11)C]XR9576 correlates with P-gp and Bcrp functions. CONCLUSIONS PET studies using [(11)C]XR9576 may be a promising approach for evaluating deficiency of the function of drug efflux transporters targeting intracranial diseases and tumors.
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Overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer: clinical studies of p-glycoprotein inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:341-58. [PMID: 19949931 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the mainstay in the treatment and management of many cancers. However, this treatment modality is fraught with difficulties associated with toxicity and also the emergence of chemotherapy resistance is a considerable problem. Cancer scientists and oncologists have worked together for some time to find ways of understanding anticancer drug resistance and also to develop pharmacological strategies to overcome that resistance. The greatest focus has been on the reversal of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype by inhibition of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters. Inhibitors of ABC transporters--termed MDR modulators--have in the past been numerous and have occupied industry and academia in drug discovery programs. The field has been fraught with difficulties and disappointments but, nonetheless, we are currently considering the fourth generation of MDR modulator development with much data pending from the clinical trials with the third-generation modulators. First-generation MDR modulator compounds were very diverse and broad spectrum pharmacological agents which fuelled the excitement surrounding the research into the MDR phenotype in cancer at the time. Second-generation agents were very heavily evaluated in mechanistic studies and formed the basis for a number of oncology portfolios of big pharmaceutical companies. Given this input, a number of clinical trials were carried out, the results of which were somewhat disappointing. Even with the modest evidence of active combinations, trial data were considered promising enough to warrant development of the third-generation of modulators. A number of key molecules have been identified with potent, long lasting MDR reversal properties, and minimal pharmacokinetic interaction with the co-administered cytotoxic agent. The results from a number of these trials are eagerly awaited and there are many in the cancer research community who remain committed to this area of anticancer drug discovery.
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Colabufo NA, Berardi F, Cantore M, Contino M, Inglese C, Niso M, Perrone R. Perspectives of P-Glycoprotein Modulating Agents in Oncology and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pharmaceutical, Biological, and Diagnostic Potentials. J Med Chem 2009; 53:1883-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900743c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Facoltá di Farmacia, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Facoltá di Farmacia, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Cantore
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Facoltá di Farmacia, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Facoltá di Farmacia, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Inglese
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Facoltá di Farmacia, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Facoltá di Farmacia, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Perrone
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Facoltá di Farmacia, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Pajeva IK, Wiese M. Structure-activity relationships of tariquidar analogs as multidrug resistance modulators. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:435-44. [PMID: 19504188 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes the most recent achievements in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of tariquidar and its analogs. Tariquidar is one of the most promising representatives of the third generation of multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators created so far. This fact determines the strong interest of different research groups in the development of tariquidar-like structures as selective inhibitors of MDR transporters in resistant human cancer cells. After the discovery of tariquidar, a number of analogs have been synthesized and pharmacologically tested, thus supplying good data for comprehensive analyses of their structure-activity relationships. In the review, the structural and pharmacological data of newly synthesized tariquidar-like compounds are first presented. Next, the main achievements in the SAR studies are described focusing on two main transport proteins: P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. The reported results are discussed from the point of view of their significance and importance for future directions in the rational design of effective MDR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilza K Pajeva
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Preparation of nano-emulsified paclitaxel using MPEG–PLGA diblock copolymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Egger M, Li X, Müller C, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A, König B. Tariquidar Analogues: Synthesis by CuI-Catalysed N/O–Aryl Coupling and Inhibitory Activity against the ABCB1 Transporter. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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