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Nikas SP, Ji L, Liu Y, Georgiadis MO, Dopeshwarkar A, Straiker A, Kudalkar S, Sadybekov AV, Dvorakova M, Katritch V, Mackie K, Marnett L, Makriyannis A. Chiral Me-2-arachidonoyl Glycerols: The First Potent Endocannabinoid Glyceride Templates with Stability to COX-2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:965-971. [PMID: 38894922 PMCID: PMC11181503 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) is the principal endogenously produced ligand for the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors (CBRs). The lack of potent and efficacious 2-AG ligands with resistance against metabolizing enzymes represents a significant void in the armamentarium of research tools available for studying eCB system molecular constituents and their function. Herein we report the first endocannabinoid glyceride templates with remarkably high potency and efficacy at CBRs. Two of our lead chiral 2-AG analogs, namely, (13S)- and (13R)-Me-2-AGs, potently inhibit excitatory neurotransmission via CB1 while they are endowed with excellent resistance to the oxidizing enzyme COX-2. Our SAR results are supported by docking studies of the key analog and 2-AG on the crystal structures of CB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros P. Nikas
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lipin Ji
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yingpeng Liu
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Markos-Orestis Georgiadis
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Amey Dopeshwarkar
- Department
of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular
Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alex Straiker
- Department
of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular
Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Shalley Kudalkar
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anastasiia V. Sadybekov
- Department
of Quantitative and Computational Biology, and Department of Chemistry,
Bridge Institute, Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Michaela Dvorakova
- Department
of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular
Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department
of Quantitative and Computational Biology, and Department of Chemistry,
Bridge Institute, Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department
of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular
Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lawrence Marnett
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Sigurjónsson S, Lúthersson E, Magnússon CD, Gudmundsson HG, Das E, Haraldsson GG. Asymmetric Synthesis of Methoxylated Ether Lipids: Total Synthesis of n-3 Polyunsaturated Docosahexaenoic Acid-Like Methoxylated Ether Lipid. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14623-14635. [PMID: 36279500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-like methoxylated ether lipid (MEL) is reported. This compound constitutes an all-cis methylene skipped hexaene framework identical to that present in DHA, the well-known omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The polyene C22 hydrocarbon chain, bearing a methoxyl group in the 2-position and R-configuration at the resulting chiral center, is attached by an ether linkage to the pro-S hydroxymethyl group (sn-1 position) of a glycerol backbone. The asymmetric synthesis is highly convergent and based on the polyacetylene approach involving iterative copper-promoted coupling reactions of propargyl bromides with terminal alkynes and semihydrogenation of the resulting hexayne. Starting from enantiopure R-solketal and racemic epichlorohydrin, the targeted MEL was accomplished in an 8.2% yield over eight steps (longest linear sequence) involving an enantio- and diastereopure glyceryl glycidyl ether key C6-building blocks from which the polyynes were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Einar Lúthersson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Carlos D Magnússon
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Science and Mathematics, Volda University College, P.O. Box 500, 6101 Volda, Norway
| | | | - Erika Das
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Chen J, Gao S, Chen M. Cu-catalyzed C-C bond formation of vinylidene cyclopropanes with carbon nucleophiles. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10601-10606. [PMID: 32110346 PMCID: PMC7020789 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Cu-catalyzed addition of carbon nucleophiles to vinylidene cyclopropanes was reported. The reactions with 1,1-bisborylmethane provided homopropargylic boronate products by forming a C-C bond at the terminal carbon atom of the allene moiety of vinylidene cyclopropanes. Alkynyl boronates are also suitable nucleophile precursors in reactions with vinylidene cyclopropanes, and skipped diynes were obtained in high yields. In addition, the Cu-enolate generated from the initial addition of nucleophilic copper species to vinylidene cyclopropanes can be intercepted by an external electrophile. As such, vinylidene cyclopropane serves as a linchpin to connect a nucleophile and an electrophile by forming two carbon-carbon bonds sequentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , Auburn , AL 36849 , USA .
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , Auburn , AL 36849 , USA .
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , Auburn , AL 36849 , USA .
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Omega-3 PUFAs Lower the Propensity for Arachidonic Acid Cascade Overreactions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:285135. [PMID: 26301244 PMCID: PMC4537720 DOI: 10.1155/2015/285135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A productive view of the benefits from omega-3 (n-3) nutrients is that the dietary essential omega-6 (n-6) linoleic acid has a very narrow therapeutic window which is widened by n-3 nutrients. The benefit from moderate physiological actions of the arachidonic acid cascade can easily shift to harm from excessive pathophysiological actions. Recognizing the factors that predispose the cascade to an unwanted overactivity gives a rational approach for arranging beneficial interactions between the n-3 and n-6 essential nutrients that are initial components of the cascade. Much detailed evidence for harmful cascade actions was collected by pharmaceutical companies as they developed drugs to decrease those actions. A remaining challenge is to understand the factors that predispose the cascade toward unwanted outcomes and create the need for therapeutic interventions. Such understanding involves recognizing the similar dynamics for dietary n-3 and n-6 nutrients in forming the immediate precursors of the cascade plus the more vigorous actions of the n-6 precursor, arachidonic acid, in forming potent mediators that amplify unwanted cascade outcomes. Tools have been developed to aid deliberate day-to-day quantitative management of the propensity for cascade overactivity in ways that can decrease the need for drug treatments.
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Oger C, Balas L, Durand T, Galano JM. Are alkyne reductions chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective enough to provide pure (Z)-olefins in polyfunctionalized bioactive molecules? Chem Rev 2012. [PMID: 23194255 DOI: 10.1021/cr3001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR CNRS 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 av. Charles Flahault, Bât. D, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Shimada Y, Usuda K, Okabe H, Suzuki T, Matsumoto K. Deracemization of 1,2-diol monotosylate derivatives by a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis with the Mitsunobu inversion using polymer-bound triphenylphosphine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Brown ML, Eidam HA, Paige M, Jones PJ, Patel MK. Comparative molecular field analysis and synthetic validation of a hydroxyamide-propofol binding and functional block of neuronal voltage-dependent sodium channels. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7056-63. [PMID: 19747831 PMCID: PMC3569859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Voltage gated sodium channels represent an important therapeutic target for a number of neurological disorders including epilepsy. Unfortunately, medicinal chemistry strategies for discovering new classes of antagonist for trans-membrane ion channels have been limited to mostly broad screening compound arrays. We have developed new sodium channel antagonist based on a propofol scaffold using the ligand based strategy of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The resulting CoMFA model was correlated and validated to provide insights into the design of new antagonists and to prioritize synthesis of these new structural analogs (compounds 4 and 5) that satisfied the steric and electrostatic model. Compounds 4 and 5 were evaluated for [(3)H]-batrachotoxinin-A-20-alpha-benzoate ([(3)H]-BTX-B) displacement yielding IC(50)'s of 22 and 5.7 microM, respectively. We further examined the potency of these two compounds to inhibit neuronal sodium currents recorded from cultured hippocampal neurons. At a concentration of 50 microM, compounds 4 and 5 tonically inhibited sodium channels currents by 59+/-7.8% (n=5) and 70+/-7.5% (n=7), respectively. This clearly demonstrates that these compounds functionally antagonize native neuronal sodium channel currents. In summary, we have shown that CoMFA can be effectively used to discover new classes of sodium channel antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton L Brown
- Department of Oncology, 3970 Reservoir Road, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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