Preparation of cyclic 2′,3′-carbamate derivatives of erythromycin macrolide antibiotics

Antibacterial activities of a series of novel 5-O-(4', 6'-O-dimodified)-mycaminose 14-membered ketolides

A series of novel 5-O-(4',6'-O-dimodified)-mycaminose 14-membered ketolides were assessed for their in vitro antibacterial activities against a panel of sensitive and resistant pathogens. Compound 1 and compound 2, two ester analogs, showed the best antibacterial activities against several macrolide-sensitive and macrolide-resistant strains. These results indicated that introducing ester to 6-OH and a small volume ether substituent to the 4-OH of mycaminose could improve the antibacterial activities of ketolides.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of desosamine-modified macrolide derivatives

Structural factors behind erm macrolide resistance were studied through synthesis of new macrolide derivates possessing truncated desosamine sugar moieties and subsequent determination of their antibacterial activity. Synthesized compounds with 2'-deoxy and 3'-desmethyl desosamine rings demonstrated decreased antibacterial activity on the native Staphylococcus aureus strain and were inactive against constitutively resistance S. aureus. The obtained results indicate that steric repulsion between the dimethylated A2058 and desosamine ring cannot be considered as a primary reason for erm-resistance.

New macrolide, lincosaminide and streptogramin B antibiotics

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD

New antibiotics are needed to overcome microbial resistance and to improve on the therapeutic index and clinical effectiveness of existing agents.

AREA COVERED IN THIS REVIEW

This review covers the journal and patent literature published from about the mid-2000s to 2010 to provide an overview of the large diversity of new chemical entities in the macrolide, lincosaminide and streptogramin B (MLS(B)) class.

WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN

The review identifies areas of the greatest effort and recent results in pursuing structure-activity relationships among MLS(B) antibiotics and highlights preclinical and clinical candidates that have arisen from these diverse discovery programs.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE

Research on the MLS(B) class appears promising for the eventual registration and commercialization of several new antibiotics that improve the clinical effectiveness of existing agents and combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Preparation and antibacterial activity of cyclic 2',3'-carbamate derivatives of azithromycin

In a study of the importance of a basic amino function in erythromycin derived antibiotics, N'-demethylazithromycin 2',3'-carbamate-11,12-carbonate has been prepared in six steps from (9E)-erythromycin A 9-oxime. Reactions with phosgene provided a cyclic carbonate from the vicinal 11,12-diol, and a cyclic 2',3'-carbamate from the vicinal dimethylamino-alcohol moiety of the desosamine sugar. Further transformations provided N,N'-di(demethyl)azithromycin 2',3'-carbamate-11,12-carbonate N-methylated at position 9a. The activity of the oxime was reduced in comparison with the parent azithromycin. Hence the N,N-dimethylamino group in the desosamine sugar is important for good antibacterial activity. The course of the phosgene reactions has been verified by an X-ray analysis.