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Probst M, Aeschimann W, Chau TTH, Langenegger SM, Stocker A, Häner R. Structural insight into DNA-assembled oligochromophores: crystallographic analysis of pyrene- and phenanthrene-modified DNA in complex with BpuJI endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:7079-89. [PMID: 27422870 PMCID: PMC5009758 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of the DNA duplex as a supramolecular scaffold is an established approach for the assembly of chromophore aggregates. In the absence of detailed structural insight, the characterization of thus assembled oligochromophores is, today, largely based on solution-phase spectroscopy. Here, we describe the crystal structures of three DNA-organized chromophore aggregates. DNA hybrids containing non-nucleosidic pyrene and phenanthrene building blocks were co-crystallized with the recently described binding domain of the restriction enzyme BpuJI. Crystal structures of these complexes were determined at 2.7, 1.9 and 1.6 Å resolutions. The structures reveal aromatic stacking interactions between pyrene and/or phenanthrene units within the framework of the B-DNA duplex. In hybrids containing a single modification in each DNA strand near the end of the duplex, the two polyaromatic hydrocarbons are engaged in a face-to-face stacking orientation. Due to crystal packing and steric effects, the terminal GC base pair is disrupted in all three crystal structures, which results in a non-perfect stacking arrangement of the aromatic chromophores in two of the structures. In a hybrid containing a total of three pyrenes, crystal lattice induced end-to-end stacking of individual DNA duplexes leads to the formation of an extended aromatic π-stack containing four co-axially arranged pyrenes. The aromatic planes of the stacked pyrenes are oriented in a parallel way. The study demonstrates the value of co-crystallization of chemically modified DNA with the recombinant binding domain of the restriction enzyme BpuJI for obtaining detailed structural insight into DNA-assembled oligochromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Probst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Walter Aeschimann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thi T H Chau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Langenegger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Achim Stocker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Abstract
Formation of the so far elusive chrysene excimer in solution is achieved by using DNA as a supramolecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Khorev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline D. Bösch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Probst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Asanuma H, Fujii T, Kato T, Kashida H. Coherent interactions of dyes assembled on DNA. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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4
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Nussbaumer AL, Samain F, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Supramolecular polymerization of oligopyrenotides--control by single, natural nucleotides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4891-8. [PMID: 22610059 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic heptapyrenotides (Py(7)) assemble into supramolecular polymers. Here we present a comprehensive spectroscopic study of aggregates and co-aggregates of the non-chiral Py(7) and its mono- or di-substituted nucleotide analogs (Py(7)-N and N-Py(7)-N'). The data show that the formation of supramolecular polymers from oligopyrenotides is highly sensitive to the nature of the attached, chiral auxiliary. A single natural nucleotide may be sufficient for the fine tuning of the aggregates' properties by changing the mechanism of aggregation from an isodesmic to a nucleation-elongation process, which results in a high degree of amplification of chirality in the formed supramolecular polymers. Watson-Crick complementarity does not play a significant role, since co-aggregates of oligomers modified with complementary nucleotides show no signs of supramolecular polymerization. Depending on the nucleotide, the helical sense of the polymers is shifted to an M-helix or a P-helix. The findings demonstrate the value of oligopyrenotides as oligomeric building blocks for the generation of optically active supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina L Nussbaumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Malinovskii VL, Nussbaumer AL, Häner R. Oligopyrenotides: chiral nanoscale templates for chromophore assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4905-8. [PMID: 22492542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Getting organized: DNA-like supramolecular polymers formed of short oligopyrenotides serve as a helical scaffold for the molecular assembly of ligands. The cationic porphyrin meso-tetrakis(1-methylpyridin-4-yl)porphyrin interacts with the helical polymers in a similar way as with poly(dA:dT).
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Malinovskii VL, Nussbaumer AL, Häner R. Oligopyrenotides: Chiral Nanoscale Templates for Chromophore Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Nah Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, United States
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Probst M, Wenger D, Biner SM, Häner R. The DNA three-way junction as a mould for tripartite chromophore assembly. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:755-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Kashida H, Asanuma H. Preparation of supramolecular chromophoric assemblies using a DNA duplex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:7196-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Adeyemi OO, Malinovskii VL, Biner SM, Calzaferri G, Häner R. Photon harvesting by excimer-forming multichromophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9589-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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12
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Garo F, Häner R. A DNA-based light-harvesting antenna. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:916-9. [PMID: 22162263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Garo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
Research in nucleic acids has made major advances in the past decade in multiple fields of science and technology. Here we discuss some of the most important findings in DNA and RNA research in the fields of biology, chemistry, biotechnology, synthetic biology, nanostructures and optical materials, with emphasis on how chemistry has impacted, and is impacted by, these developments. Major challenges ahead include the development of new chemical strategies that allow synthetically modified nucleic acids to enter into, and function in, living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Khakshoor
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Fax: +1 650 725 0259; Tel: +1 650 724 4741
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Fax: +1 650 725 0259; Tel: +1 650 724 4741
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14
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Nussbaumer AL, Studer D, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Amplification of Chirality by Supramolecular Polymerization of Pyrene Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5490-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Nussbaumer AL, Studer D, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Amplification of Chirality by Supramolecular Polymerization of Pyrene Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Wenger D, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Modulation of chiroptical properties by DNA-guided assembly of fluorenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3168-70. [PMID: 21283836 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05125j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular organization of fluorene building blocks in a DNA scaffold is described. The molecular assembly into ordered π-aggregates leads to distinct changes in the electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Biner SM, Kummer D, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Signal control by self-assembly of fluorophores in a molecular beacon—a model study. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2628-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Sinkeldam RW, Greco NJ, Tor Y. Fluorescent analogs of biomolecular building blocks: design, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2579-619. [PMID: 20205430 PMCID: PMC2868948 DOI: 10.1021/cr900301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renatus W. Sinkeldam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | | | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
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19
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Häner R, Garo F, Wenger D, Malinovskii VL. Oligopyrenotides: Abiotic, Polyanionic Oligomers with Nucleic Acid-like Structural Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7466-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102042p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Garo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L. Malinovskii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Dembska A, Juskowiak B. The fluorescence properties and lifetime study of G-quadruplexes single- and double-labeled with pyrene. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:1029-35. [PMID: 20358281 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report steady state fluorescence and lifetime emission studies of d(GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG) (TBA) and d(GGGTTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGG) (Htelom) oligonucleotides labeled with pyrene through a 3-aminopropyl linker. Such G-rich sequences are able to self-assemble into G-quadruplexes, especially in the presence of specific cations like potassium. A comparative studies with single- and double-labeled G-quadruplexes were carried out. For each probe we have measured fluorescence decays for emission wavelength of 390 and 480 nm in the varying concentration of potassium ion. We have calculated average lifetimes <τ> for every system as well as the fractional distribution α(i) of emitting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dembska
- Department of Chemistry, A.Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
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21
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Jeong HS, Park M, Yi JW, Joo T, Kim BH. Structural diversity induced by pyrene intercalators in homogeneous oligodeoxyguanylates. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:951-3. [PMID: 20485740 DOI: 10.1039/b926677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous oligodeoxyguanylates incorporating small-molecule intercalator pyrene moieties in a 1,5 relationship form various structures of dimer, trimer, tetramer and internal hairpin form that are yellowish in color because of the intermolecular interactions between the pyrene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, BK School of Molecular Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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22
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Häner R, Biner S, Langenegger S, Meng T, Malinovskii V. A Highly Sensitive, Excimer-Controlled Molecular Beacon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Häner R, Biner S, Langenegger S, Meng T, Malinovskii V. A Highly Sensitive, Excimer-Controlled Molecular Beacon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1227-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Malinovskii VL, Wenger D, Häner R. Nucleic acid-guided assembly of aromatic chromophores. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 39:410-22. [PMID: 20111767 DOI: 10.1039/b910030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rational formation of aromatic chromophore arrays is an intriguing challenge since ordered collectives of chromophores possess properties that are largely different from those of the individual molecules. Therefore, nucleic acids are increasingly used as scaffolds for the construction of multi-chromophore arrays. This tutorial review provides an introduction to the field of nucleic acid-guided chromophore assemblies for non-specialists and a reference point for those familiar with the area by highlighting the recent developments and describing some of the spectroscopic methods used for the study of oligonucleotide-chromophore conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Malinovskii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Ueno Y, Komatsuzaki S, Takasu K, Kawai S, Kitamura Y, Kitade Y. Synthesis and Properties of Oligonucleotides Containing Novel Fluorescent Biaryl Units. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Galievsky VA, Malinovskii VL, Stasheuski AS, Samain F, Zachariasse KA, Häner R, Chirvony VS. Photophysical characterization of oligopyrene modules for DNA-based nanosystems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1448-54. [PMID: 19789815 DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of free pyrenedicarboxamide (Py-DCA) in solution as well as of single-stranded and double-stranded oligonucleotides (ss and ds ONs) containing 1-7 pyrene building blocks per strand were studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the fluorescence quantum yield Phi(F) of free Py-DCA chromophore in solution is rather high (Phi(F) = 0.44). However, after incorporation of the chromophore into a ss ON the monomeric chromophore fluorescence is quenched more than 40-fold due to electron-transfer reactions with ON bases. An increase of the number n of neighboring pyrenes in an ON results in Phi(F) growth up to 0.25 at n = 6. Starting from n = 2, all fluorescence belongs mainly to excimer formed by pyrene chromophores. Sections composed of multiple pyrenes may be considered as robust functional entities that may serve as independent modules in DNA-based, functional nano-architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Galievsky
- B.I. Stepanov's Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Nezavisimosti ave. 68, 220072, Minsk, Belarus
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27
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Abstract
The self-organization of oligopyrene foldamers is described. Bi- and tri-segmental oligomers composed of nucleotides and non-nucleosidic, achiral pyrene monomers form double-stranded helical structures, as shown by absorbance, fluorescence, and CD spectroscopy. The mixed nature of alternating aromatic and phosphate groups ensures water solubility which, in turn, favors folding of the aromatic units. Pyrene molecules also assemble though interstrand stacking interactions. Structural organization of the pyrene units is an intrinsic property of the oligoaryl part and takes place independently from the sequence of the attached DNA. Chirality transfer from DNA to the pyrene segment leads to formation of a double helix, in which neighboring pyrene units are, in the present case, twisted in a right-handed manner. Pyrene helicity is most pronounced in a bi-segmental chimera, in which a DNA stem is present only at one end of the pyrene section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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28
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Teo YN, Wilson JN, Kool ET. Polyfluorophores on a DNA backbone: a multicolor set of labels excited at one wavelength. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:3923-33. [PMID: 19254023 DOI: 10.1021/ja805502k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We recently described the assembly of fluorescent deoxyriboside monomers ("fluorosides") into DNA-like phosphodiester oligomers (oligodeoxyfluorosides or ODFs) in which hydrocarbon and heterocyclic aromatic fluorophores interact both physically and electronically. Here we report the identification of a multicolor set of water-soluble ODF dyes that display emission colors across the visible spectrum, and all of which can be simultaneously excited by long-wavelength UV light at 340-380 nm. Multispectral dye candidates were chosen from a library of 4096 tetramer ODFs constructed on PEG-polystyrene beads using a simple long-pass filter to observe all visible colors at the same time. We resynthesized and characterized a set of 23 ODFs containing one to four individual chromophores and included 2-3 spacer monomers to increase aqueous solubility and minimize aggregation. Emission maxima of this set range from 376 to 633 nm, yielding apparent colors from violet to red, all of which can be visualized directly. The spectra of virtually all ODFs in this set varied considerably from the simple combination of monomer components, revealing extensive electronic interactions between the presumably stacked monomers. In addition, comparisons of anagrams in the set (isomers having the same components in a different sequence) reveal the importance of nearest-neighbor interactions in the emissive behavior. Preliminary experiments with human tumor (HeLa) cells, observing two ODFs by laser confocal microscopy, showed that they can penetrate the outer cellular membrane, yielding cytoplasmic localization. In addition, a set of four distinctly colored ODFs was incubated with live zebrafish embryos, showing tissue penetration, apparent biostability, and no apparent toxicity. The results suggest that ODF dyes may be broadly useful as labels in biological systems, allowing the simultaneous tracking of multiple species by color, and allowing visualization in moving systems where classical fluorophores fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Nah Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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29
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Bouquin N, Malinovskii VL, Guégano X, Liu SX, Decurtins S, Häner R. TTF-modified DNA. Chemistry 2008; 14:5732-6. [PMID: 18478519 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bouquin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern (Switzerland)
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30
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Bouquin N, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Anthraquinones as Artificial DNA Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Werder S, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Triazolylpyrenes: Synthesis, FluorescenceProperties, and Incorporation into DNA. Org Lett 2008; 10:2011-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8006474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Werder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L. Malinovskii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Bouquin N, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Highly efficient quenching of excimer fluorescence by perylene diimide in DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1974-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b802193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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