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Selas A, Martin-Encinas E, Fuertes M, Masdeu C, Rubiales G, Palacios F, Alonso C. A patent review of topoisomerase I inhibitors (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:473-508. [PMID: 33475439 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1879051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Topoisomerases are important targets for therapeutic improvement in the treatment of some diseases, including cancer. Inhibitors and poisons of topoisomerase I can limit the activity of this enzyme in its enzymatic cycle. This fact implies an anticancer effect of these drugs, since most cancer cells are characterized by both a higher activity of topoisomerase I and a higher replication rate compared to non-cancerous cells. Clinically approved inhibitors include camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives. However, their limitations have encouraged different research groups to prepare new compounds, proof of which are the numerous research works and patents, some of them in the last five years. AREAS COVERED This review covers patent literature on topoisomerase I inhibitors and their application published between 2016-present. EXPERT OPINION The highest contribution toward patent development has been obtained from academics or small biotechnology companies. The most important fields of innovation include the preparation of prodrugs or inhibitors combined with other agents, as biocompatible polymers or antibodies. A promising development of topoisomerase I inhibitors is expected in the next years, directed to the treatment of diverse diseases, specifically toward different types of cancer and infectious diseases, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Selas
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Endika Martin-Encinas
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Fuertes
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carme Masdeu
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gloria Rubiales
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Ghodsi F, Shahraki M, Habibi-Khorassani SM, Nassiri M, Fazilatkhah M. The Effect of Spatial Hindrance on Stereoselective Synthesis of Real Enaminoesters and Determination of the Relative Stability of the Two E- and Z-Isomers of Hypothetical Enaminoesters. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1485714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghodsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahraki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Nassiri
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Malihe Fazilatkhah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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Clere N, To KHT, Legeay S, Bertrand S, Helesbeux JJ, Duval O, Faure S. Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Low Dose Ethoxidine in a Murine Model of Ischemic Hindlimb: Correlation between Ethoxidine Levels and Increased Activation of the Nitric Oxide Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040627. [PMID: 28417947 PMCID: PMC6154657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethoxidine, a benzo[c]phenanthridine derivative, has been identified as a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase I in cancer cell lines. Our group has reported paradoxical properties of ethoxidine in cellular processes leading to angiogenesis on endothelial cells. Because low concentration ethoxidine is able to favor angiogenesis, the present study aimed to investigate the ability of 10-9 M ethoxidine to modulate neovascularization in a model of mouse hindlimb ischemia. After inducing unilateral hindlimb ischemia, mice were treated for 21 days with glucose 5% or with ethoxidine, to reach plasma concentrations equivalent to 10-9 M. Laser Doppler analysis showed that recovery of blood flow was 1.5 fold higher in ethoxidine-treated mice in comparison with control mice. Furthermore, CD31 staining and angiographic studies confirmed an increase of vascular density in ethoxidine-treated mice. This ethoxidine-induced recovery was associated with an increase of NO production through an enhancement of eNOS phosphorylation on its activator site in skeletal muscle from ischemic hindlimb. Moreover, real-time RT-PCR and western blots have highlighted that ethoxidine has pro-angiogenic properties by inducing a significant enhancement in vegf transcripts and VEGF expression, respectively. These findings suggest that ethoxidine could contribute to favor neovascularization after an ischemic injury by promoting the NO pathway and VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Clere
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Université Bretagne Loire, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology and Physiology, UFR Santé-School of Pharmacy, University of Angers, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Kim Hung Thien To
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology and Physiology, UFR Santé-School of Pharmacy, University of Angers, F-49045 Angers, France.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Samuel Legeay
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Université Bretagne Loire, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology and Physiology, UFR Santé-School of Pharmacy, University of Angers, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- EA 2160, Univ Nantes, Université Bretagne Loire, F-44200 Nantes, France.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Jean Jacques Helesbeux
- SONAS, SFR QUASAV 4207, UPRES EA921, Univ Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, F-49035 Angers, France.
| | - Olivier Duval
- SONAS, SFR QUASAV 4207, UPRES EA921, Univ Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, F-49035 Angers, France.
| | - Sébastien Faure
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Université Bretagne Loire, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology and Physiology, UFR Santé-School of Pharmacy, University of Angers, F-49045 Angers, France.
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Song GP, Li SM, Si HZ, Li YB, Li YS, Fan JH, Liang QQ, He HB, Ye HM, Cui ZN. Synthesis and bioactivity of novel xanthone and thioxanthone l-rhamnopyranosides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthone l-rhamnopyranoside derivative 11 was discovered as one of novel topo-I inhibitors.
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Dezhenkova LG, Tsvetkov VB, Shtil AA. Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors: chemical structure, mechanisms of action and role in cancer chemotherapy. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n01abeh004363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Choshi T, Hibino S, Kurata Y, Ishihara Y, Hatae N, Nishiyama T. Total Synthesis of the Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloids, Terihanine and Isoterihanine, and Their Antitumor Activity. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Deane FM, O'Sullivan EC, Maguire AR, Gilbert J, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A, McCarthy FO. Synthesis and evaluation of novel ellipticines as potential anti-cancer agents. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1334-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Thai KM, Bui QH, Tran TD, Huynh TNP. QSAR modeling on benzo[c]phenanthridine analogues as topoisomerase I inhibitors and anti-cancer agents. Molecules 2012; 17:5690-712. [PMID: 22580401 PMCID: PMC6268722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[c]phenanthridine (BCP) derivatives were identified as topoisomerase I (TOP-I) targeting agents with pronounced antitumor activity. In this study, hologram-QSAR, 2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR models were developed for BCPs on topoisomerase I inbibitory activity and cytotoxicity against seven tumor cell lines including RPMI8402, CPT-K5, P388, CPT45, KB3-1, KBV-1and KBH5.0. The hologram, 2D, and 3D-QSAR models were obtained with the square of correlation coefficient R² = 0.58-0.77, the square of the crossvalidation coefficient q² = 0.41-0.60 as well as the external set's square of predictive correlation coefficient r² = 0.5-0.80. Moreover, the assessment method based on reliability test with confidence level of 95% was used to validate the predictive power of QSAR models and to prevent over-fitting phenomenon of classical QSAR models. Our QSAR model could be applied to design new analogues of BCPs with higher antitumor and topoisomerase I inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khac-Minh Thai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Thai KM, Nguyen TQ, Ngo TD, Tran TD, Huynh TNP. A support vector machine classification model for benzo[c]phenathridine analogues with toposiomerase-I inhibitory activity. Molecules 2012; 17:4560-82. [PMID: 22510606 PMCID: PMC6268465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[c]phenanthridine (BCP) derivatives were identified as topoisomerase I (TOP-I) targeting agents with pronounced antitumor activity. In this study, a support vector machine model was performed on a series of 73 analogues to classify BCP derivatives according to TOP-I inhibitory activity. The best SVM model with total accuracy of 93% for training set was achieved using a set of 7 descriptors identified from a large set via a random forest algorithm. Overall accuracy of up to 87% and a Matthews coefficient correlation (MCC) of 0.71 were obtained after this SVM classifier was validated internally by a test set of 15 compounds. For two external test sets, 89% and 80% BCP compounds, respectively, were correctly predicted. The results indicated that our SVM model could be used as the filter for designing new BCP compounds with higher TOP-I inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khac-Minh Thai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Kou JF, Qian C, Wang JQ, Chen X, Wang LL, Chao H, Ji LN. Chiral ruthenium(II) anthraquinone complexes as dual inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 17:81-96. [PMID: 21858685 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases (I and II) have been one of the excellent targets in anticancer drug development. Here two chiral ruthenium(II) anthraquinone complexes, Δ- and Λ-[Ru(bpy)(2)(ipad)](2+), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and ipad is 2-(anthracene-9,10-dione-2-yl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, were synthesized and characterized. As expected, both of the Ru(II) complexes intercalate into DNA base pairs and possess an obviously greater affinity with DNA. Topoisomerase inhibition and DNA strand passage assay confirmed that the two complexes are efficient dual inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II by interference with the DNA religation. In MTT cytotoxicity studies, two Ru(II) complexes exhibited antitumor activity against HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2 and BEL-7402 tumor cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis shows an increase in the percentage of cells with apoptotic morphological features in the sub-G1 phase for Ru(II) complexes. Nuclear chromatin cleavage has also been observed from AO/EB staining assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The results demonstrated that Δ- and Λ-[Ru(bpy)(2)(ipad)](2+) act as dual inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II, and cause DNA damage that can lead to cell cycle arrest and/or cell death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Ishihara Y, Azuma S, Choshi T, Kohno K, Ono K, Tsutsumi H, Ishizu T, Hibino S. Total synthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids based on a microwave-assisted electrocyclic reaction of the aza 6π-electron system and structural revision of broussonpapyrine. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McInnes FJ, Anthony NG, Kennedy AR, Wheate NJ. Solid state stabilisation of the orally delivered drugs atenolol, glibenclamide, memantine and paracetamol through their complexation with cucurbit[7]uril. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:765-73. [PMID: 20135032 DOI: 10.1039/b918372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of the cardiovascular beta-blocker drug atenolol, the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide, the Alzheimer's NMDA glutamate receptor drug memantine and the analgesic/antipyretic drug paracetamol by cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) has been studied by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, molecular modelling, fluorescence displacement assays and differential scanning calorimetry. All four drugs form 1 : 1 host-guest complexes with CB[7], but the exchange kinetics and location of the binding is different for each drug. Atenolol is bound over the central phenyl ring with a binding constant of 4.2 x 10(4) M(-1), whereas glibenclamide is bound over the terminal cyclohexyl group with a binding constant of 1.7 x 10(5) M(-1), and memantine is totally bound within the CB[7] cavity. Paracetamol is bound in two locations, over the central phenyl ring and over the methyl group, with the CB[7] molecule shuttling quickly between the two sites. Inclusion by CB[7] was shown by differential scanning calorimetry to physically stabilise all four drugs, which has applications preventing drug degradation and improving drug processing and formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J McInnes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, United KingdomG4 0NR
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