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Frackenpohl J, Abel SAG, Alnafta N, Barber DM, Bojack G, Brant NZ, Helmke H, Mattison RL. Inspired by Nature: Isostere Concepts in Plant Hormone Chemistry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18141-18168. [PMID: 37277148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical concepts such as isosteres and scaffold hopping have proven to be powerful tools in agrochemical innovation processes. They offer opportunities to modify known molecular lead structures with the aim to improve a range of parameters, including biological efficacy and spectrum, physicochemical properties, stability, and toxicity. While recent biochemical insights into plant-specific receptors and signaling pathways trigger the discovery of the first lead structures, the disclosure of such a new chemical structure sparks a broad range of synthesis activities giving rise to diverse chemical innovation and often a considerable boost in biological activity. Herein, recent examples of isostere concepts in plant-hormone chemistry will be discussed, outlining how synthetic creativity can broaden the scope of natural product chemistry and giving rise to new opportunities in research fields such as abiotic stress tolerance and growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frackenpohl
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steven A G Abel
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Neanne Alnafta
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David M Barber
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guido Bojack
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicola Z Brant
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Helmke
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Mattison
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Tang D, Huang Q, Wei K, Yang X, Wei F, Miao J. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways Involved in Growth and Development of Mesona chinensis Benth Under Red- and Blue-Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761068. [PMID: 34899784 PMCID: PMC8656965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesona chinensis Benth (MCB) is an important Chinese herbal medicine. The plant factories might be one of the ways to solve the shortage of MCB supply. In this study, the MCB seedlings were treated under the red (R) and blue (B) lights in the plant factory. Results showed that the red light promoted the growth and development of MCB in comparison with the blue light. Under the red-light condition, the biomass, plant height, and root characteristics were significantly higher than those under blue-light condition, while the soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) under the red-light treatment was significantly lower than that under the blue-light treatment. Red light also significantly promoted the content of soluble sugar and pectin of MCB compared with blue light. Transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 4,165 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected including 2,034 upregulated and 2,131 downregulated. Of these, 1,112 DEGs including 410 upregulated and 702 downregulated genes were associated with 111 pathways. Moreover, a total of 8,723 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were identified in R vs. B, and these TFs were distributed in 56 gene families. Metabonomic results revealed that a total of 184 metabolites and 99 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (42 upregulated and 57 downregulated) were identified in the red- and blue-light treatments. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome unveiled that a total of 24 pathways included 70 compounds (metabolites) and were associated with 28 unigenes. In particular, these pathways included starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. The unigenes included asparagine synthetase (AS), thymidine kinase (TK), alpha, alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS), phosphatase IMPL1 (IMPL1), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (D4R), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase-like 6 (4CL6), bifunctional aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase 1 (thrA), and abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 2 isoform X1 (ABA8). It was indicated that these pathways and genes might play important roles in the growth and development of MCB. This study laid a foundation for the future research of MCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Qinfen Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Jianhua Miao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
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Assay for abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase activity of cloned plant cytochrome P450 oxidases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Anal Biochem 2018; 553:24-27. [PMID: 29777680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many processes, including response to drought, seed dormancy and abscission of leaves and fruits. For maintenance of ABA homeostasis, catabolism of ABA by 8'-hydroxylation and subsequent cyclisation to phaseic acid (PA) is crucial. However, detection of ABA 8'-hydroxylation activity is tedious. We present a simple and rapid method for detection of ABA 8'-hydroxylase activity by cloning cDNAs of interest and expressing the respective protein in yeast. Upon addition of ABA, PA is formed and subsequently quantified in the yeast cell culture supernatant by heart cutting 2D-HPLC or GC-MS.
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Bellotti M, Salis A, Grozio A, Damonte G, Vigliarolo T, Galatini A, Zocchi E, Benatti U, Millo E. Synthesis, structural characterization and effect on human granulocyte intracellular cAMP levels of abscisic acid analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:22-32. [PMID: 25496807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), in addition to regulating physiological functions in plants, is also produced and released by several mammalian cell types, including human granulocytes, where it stimulates innate immune functions via an increase of the intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]i). We synthesized several ABA analogs and evaluated the structure-activity relationship, by the systematical modification of selected regions of these analogs. The resulting molecules were tested for their ability to inhibit the ABA-induced increase of [cAMP]i in human granulocytes. The analogs with modified configurations at C-2' and C-3' abrogated the ABA-induced increase of the [cAMP]i and also inhibited several pro-inflammatory effects induced by exogenous ABA on granulocytes and monocytes. Accordingly, these analogs could be suitable as novel putative anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bellotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Hearth Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Grozio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vigliarolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Galatini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Umberto Benatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Okazaki M, Kittikorn M, Ueno K, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Kondo S, Ohnishi T, Todoroki Y. Abscinazole-E2B, a practical and selective inhibitor of ABA 8′-hydroxylase CYP707A. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3162-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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