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Williams WL, Gutiérrez-Valencia NE, Doyle AG. Branched-Selective Cross-Electrophile Coupling of 2-Alkyl Aziridines and (Hetero)aryl Iodides Using Ti/Ni Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24175-24183. [PMID: 37888947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The arylation of 2-alkyl aziridines by nucleophilic ring-opening or transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling enables facile access to biologically relevant β-phenethylamine derivatives. However, both approaches largely favor C-C bond formation at the less-substituted carbon of the aziridine, thus enabling access to only linear products. Consequently, despite the attractive bond disconnection that it poses, the synthesis of branched arylated products from 2-alkyl aziridines has remained inaccessible. Herein, we address this long-standing challenge and report the first branched-selective cross-coupling of 2-alkyl aziridines with aryl iodides. This unique selectivity is enabled by a Ti/Ni dual-catalytic system. We demonstrate the robustness of the method by a twofold approach: an additive screening campaign to probe functional group tolerance and a feature-driven substrate scope to study the effect of the local steric and electronic profile of each coupling partner on reactivity. Furthermore, the diversity of this feature-driven substrate scope enabled the generation of predictive reactivity models that guided mechanistic understanding. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the branched selectivity arises from a TiIII-induced radical ring-opening of the aziridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neyci E Gutiérrez-Valencia
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Dongbang S, Doyle AG. Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling between Aziridines and Acetals as Alcohol-Derived Alkyl Radical Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20067-20077. [PMID: 36256882 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aziridines are readily available C(sp3) precursors that afford valuable β-functionalized amines upon ring opening. In this article, we report a Ni/photoredox methodology for C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling between aziridines and methyl/1°/2° aliphatic alcohols activated as benzaldehyde dialkyl acetals. Orthogonal activation modes of each alkyl coupling partner facilitate cross-selectivity in the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond-forming reaction: the benzaldehyde dialkyl acetal is activated via hydrogen atom abstraction and β-scission via a bromine radical (generated in situ from single-electron oxidation of bromide), whereas the aziridine is activated at the Ni center via reduction. We demonstrate that an Ni(II) azametallacycle, conventionally proposed in aziridine cross-coupling, is not an intermediate in the productive cross-coupling. Rather, stoichiometric organometallic and linear free energy relationship studies indicate that aziridine activation proceeds via Ni(I) oxidative addition, a previously unexplored elementary step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Dongbang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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3
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Yang M, Ye B, Chen J, Wu J. Visible-light Photocatalytic Alkylsulfonylation of Aroylhydrazides with Alkylsulfonyl Radicals. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yu L, Chi J, Xiao L, Li J, Tang Z, Tan S, Li P. Novel Thiochromanone Derivatives Containing a Sulfonyl Hydrazone Moiety: Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102925. [PMID: 34069070 PMCID: PMC8156870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel thiochromanone derivatives containing a sulfonyl hydrazone moiety were designed and synthesized. Their structures were determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Bioassay results showed that most of the target compounds revealed moderate to good antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicolaby, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Compound 4i had the best inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicolaby, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, with the EC50 values of 8.67, 12.65, and 10.62 μg/mL, which were superior to those of Bismerthiazol and Thiodiazole-copper. Meanwhile, bioassay results showed that all of the target compounds proved to have lower antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella zeae, Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahlia, and Botrytis cinerea than those of Carbendazim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Y.); (J.C.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Jiyan Chi
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Y.); (J.C.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lingling Xiao
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Y.); (J.C.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Jie Li
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Y.); (J.C.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhangfei Tang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Y.); (J.C.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Shuming Tan
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Y.); (J.C.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); or (P.L.); Tel.: +86-(0851)8559466 (S.T. & P.L.)
| | - Pei Li
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Y.); (J.C.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Z.T.)
- Qiandongnan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of National Medicine, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China
- Correspondence: (S.T.); or (P.L.); Tel.: +86-(0851)8559466 (S.T. & P.L.)
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Bilginer S, Bardaweel SK, Sabbah DA, Gul HI. Docking Studies and Antiproliferative Activities of 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)- benzoxazolone Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3Kα). Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:716-724. [PMID: 32767959 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200807221731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a life-threatening group of diseases and universally, the second main cause of death. The design and development of new scaffolds targeting selective cancer cells are considered a promising goal for cancer treatment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE Chalcone derivatives; 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)-benzoxazolone, were previously prepared and evaluated against the oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-2, and were reported to have remarkably high tumor selectivity. The aim of this study was to further investigate the anticancer activities of the chalcone derivatives against human colon cancer cells with a possible elucidation of their mechanism of action. METHODS Computational studies were conducted to explore the potential interaction of the synthesized molecules with the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinaseα (PI3Kα). Biological evaluation of the antiproliferative activities associated with compounds 1-23 was carried out against the colon cancer cell line, HCT116. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured to study necrosis, while the caspase-3 activation and DNA measurements were used to evaluate apoptosis in the treated cells. RESULTS Glide studies against PI3Kα kinase domain demonstrated that the 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)- benzoxazolone scaffold forms H-bond with K802, Y836, E849, V851, N853, Q859, and D933, and it fits the fingerprint of PI3Kα active inhibitors. Biological evaluation of the reported compounds in HCT116 cell line confirmed that the series inhibited PI3Kα activity and induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 and reduction of DNA content. CONCLUSION The recently developed compounds might be employed as lead structures for the design of new antitumor drugs targeting PI3Kα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bilginer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Halise Inci Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ramu S, Baskar B. A simple and efficient metal free, additive, or base free dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoquinolines using oxygen as a clean oxidant. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal free dehydrogenation of various substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines via a simple and convenient metal free, atom economical route for the synthesis of corresponding isoquinolines under oxygen atmosphere in N-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP) is described. Metal free dehydrogenation was carried out without the use of additive or base. A scope of the methodology was demonstrated for a number of aryl and heteroaryl substitutions present at C1 position and ester moiety at C3 position and was found to be good substrates. Substituted isoquinolines (3a–3h) and their esters (3i–3m) were synthesized in very good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Ramu
- Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpet (Dt), Tamilnadu 603 203, India
- Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpet (Dt), Tamilnadu 603 203, India
| | - Baburaj Baskar
- Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpet (Dt), Tamilnadu 603 203, India
- Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpet (Dt), Tamilnadu 603 203, India
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7
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Chen R, Wu G, Yang K, Ye B, Chen Q, Wang Z. One-Pot Synthesis of N-Furanonyl Sulfonyl Hydrazone Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Yang K, Yang JQ, Luo SH, Mei WJ, Lin JY, Zhan JQ, Wang ZY. Synthesis of N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives and their biological evaluation in vitro and in vivo activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104518. [PMID: 33303210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of (E)-N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives have been rationally designed and efficiently synthesized by one-pot reaction with good yields for the first time. This green approach with wide substrate range and good selectivity can be achieved at room temperature in a short time in the presence of metal-free catalyst. The cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines of all newly obtained compounds have been evaluated by MTT assay. Among them, compound 5 k exhibits high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 14.35 μM. The cytotoxic mechanism may involve G2/M phase arrest pathway, which is probably caused by activating DNA damage. Comet test and immunofluorescence results show that compound 5 k can induce DNA damage in time- and dose-dependent manner. Importantly, 5 k also can effectively inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and angiogenesis in the zebrafish xenograft model. It is potential to further develop N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives as potent drugs for breast cancer treatment with higher cytotoxic activity by modifying the structure of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiong Yang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Jian-Yun Lin
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
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9
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Ahmed M, Imran M, Muddassar M, Hussain R, Khan MU, Ahmad S, Mehboob MY, Ashfaq S. Benzenesulfonohydrazides inhibiting urease: Design, synthesis, their in vitro and in silico studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Sabbah DA, Ibrahim AH, Talib WH, Alqaisi KM, Sweidan K, Bardaweel SK, Sheikha GA, Zhong HA, Al-Shalabi E, Khalaf RA, Mubarak MS. Ligand-Based Drug Design: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Benzoin Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents. Med Chem 2019; 15:417-429. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180912111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) has emerged as a promising target
for anticancer drug design.
Objectives:
Target compounds were designed to investigate the effect of the p-OCH3 motifs on
ligand/PI3Kα complex interaction and antiproliferative activity.
Methods:
Synthesis of the proposed compounds, biological examination tests against human colon
adenocarcinoma (HCT-116), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and breast carcinoma (T47D) cell
lines, along with Glide docking studies.
Results:
A series of 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl benzoates was synthesized and characterized
by means of FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and by elemental analysis. Biological investigation
demonstrated that the newly synthesized compounds exhibit antiproliferative activity in human colon
adenocarcinoma (HCT-116), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and breast carcinoma (T47D)
cell lines possibly via inhibition of PI3Kα and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Additionally, results
revealed that these compounds exert selective inhibitory activity, induce apoptosis, and suppress
VEGF production. Compound 3c exhibited promising antiproliferative activity in HCT-116 interrogating
that hydrogen bond-acceptor mediates ligand/PI3Kα complex formation on m- position.
Compounds 3e and 3i displayed high inhibitory activity in MCF-7 and T47D implying a wide cleft
discloses the o-attachment. Furthermore, compound 3g exerted selective inhibitory activity against
T47D. Glide docking studies against PI3Kα and ERα demonstrated that the series accommodate
binding to PI3Kα and/or ERα.
Conclusion:
The series exhibited a potential antitumor activity in human carcinoma cell lines encoding
PI3Kα and/or ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Ameerah H. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khalid M. Alqaisi
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Kamal Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ghassan A. Sheikha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A. Zhong
- DSC 362, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Eveen Al-Shalabi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Reema A. Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733, Jordan
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Li G, Zhang X, Ou H, Wang H, Liu D, Yang H, Wu Z. PIK-75 promotes homology-directed DNA repair. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:141-144. [PMID: 30935856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hao Ou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haoqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huaqiang Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Miller MS, Thompson PE, Gabelli SB. Structural Determinants of Isoform Selectivity in PI3K Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030082. [PMID: 30813656 PMCID: PMC6468644 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer, thrombosis, and inflammatory and immune diseases. The four highly homologous Class I isoforms, PI3K, PI3K, PI3K and PI3K have unique, non-redundant physiological roles and as such, isoform selectivity has been a key consideration driving inhibitor design and development. In this review, we discuss the structural biology of PI3Ks and how our growing knowledge of structure has influenced the medicinal chemistry of PI3K inhibitors. We present an analysis of the available structure-selectivity-activity relationship data to highlight key insights into how the various regions of the PI3K binding site influence isoform selectivity. The picture that emerges is one that is far from simple and emphasizes the complex nature of protein-inhibitor binding, involving protein flexibility, energetics, water networks and interactions with non-conserved residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Miller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Zheng B, Trieu TH, Li FL, Zhu XL, He YG, Fan QQ, Shi XX. Copper-Catalyzed Benign and Efficient Oxidation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Dihydroisoquinolines Using Air as a Clean Oxidant. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8243-8252. [PMID: 31458961 PMCID: PMC6644811 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A green chemical method for mild oxidation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) and 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (DHIQs) has been developed using air (O2) as a clean oxidant. DHIQs and THIQs could be efficiently oxidized to isoquinolines in dimethyl sulfoxide at 25 °C under an open air atmosphere with CuBr2 (20 mol %) as the catalyst; different bases [NaOEt and/or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene] were used for the reaction according to the patterns of substituents (R1, R2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tien Ha Trieu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Li
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Liang Zhu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Gang He
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Qi Fan
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Shi
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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14
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Structural, crystallographic, Hirshfeld surface, thermal and antimicrobial evaluation of new sulfonyl hydrazones. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Molecular dynamics and integrated pharmacophore-based identification of dual [Formula: see text] inhibitors. Mol Divers 2017; 22:95-112. [PMID: 29138965 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite increase in the understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it remains a tough challenge. The advent of kinases involved in key intracellular pathways in pathogenesis of RA may provide a new phase of drug discovery for RA. The present study is aimed to identify dual JAK3/[Formula: see text] inhibitors by developing an optimum pharmacophore model integrating the information revealed by ligand-based pharmacophore models and structure-based pharmacophore models (SBPMs). For JAK3 inhibitors, the addition of an aromatic ring feature and for [Formula: see text] the addition of a hydrophobic feature proposed by SBPMs lead to five-point pharmacophore (i.e., AADHR.54 (JAK3)) and six-point pharmacophore (i.e., AAAHRR.45 ([Formula: see text])). The obtained pharmacophores were validated and used for virtual screening and then for docking-based screening. Molecules were further evaluated for ADME properties, and their docked protein complexes were subjected to MM-GBSA energy calculations and molecular dynamic simulations. The top two hit compounds with novel scaffolds 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline and benzo[d]oxazole showed inhibitory activity for JAK3 and [Formula: see text].
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17
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Stiz D, Campos A, Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz A, Ernesto de Carvalho J, Corrêa R, Cechinel-Filho V. Antiproliferative effect of synthetic cyclic imides (methylphtalimides, carboxylic acid phtalimides and itaconimides) against human cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:423-427. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work describes the antiproliferative potential of 14 cyclic imides (methylphtalimides, carboxylic acid phtalimides and itaconimides) against several human cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated using the sulforhodamine B assay. Although some compounds from methylphtalimide and carboxylic acid phtalimide classes exhibited a selective antiproliferative activity, the itaconimides (11–14) exhibited the best results, especially compound 14, which presented a TGI (concentration that produces total growth inhibition) value of 0.0043 μM against glioma (U251), being inactive against the non-tumor cell line (HaCat). Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in silico evaluations suggest that these compounds are promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorimar Stiz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí – UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí – UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí – UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí – UNIVALI, Caixa postal 360, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil , Tel.: +55-473-341-7557
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18
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Kaur M, Silakari O. Identification of new dual spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and phosphoionositide-3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitors using ligand and structure-based integrated ideal pharmacophore models. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 27:469-499. [PMID: 27431536 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1209555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the complex pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders, it is very challenging to develop successful treatment strategies. Single-target agents are not desired therapeutics for such multi-factorial disorders. Considering the current need for the treatment of complex autoimmune disorders, dual inhibitors of Syk and PI3Kδ have been designed using ligand and structure-based molecular modelling strategies. In the present work, structure and ligand-based pharmacophore modelling was implemented for a varied set of Syk and PI3Kδ inhibitors. Ligand-based pharmacophore models (LBPMs) were developed for two kinases: ADPR.14 (r(2)train = 0.809) for Syk, comprising one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, one positive ionisable and one ring aromatic feature, and for PI3Kδ: AAARR.45 (r(2)train = 0.942) consisting of three hydrogen bond acceptor and two ring aromatic features. The generated e-pharmacophore models revealed an additional ring aromatic and hydrophobic feature important for Syk and PI3Kδ inhibition, respectively. Subsequently, LBPMs were modified resulting in APDRR.14 hypothesis for Syk inhibitors and AAAHRR.45 hypothesis for PI3Kδ inhibitors employed for virtual screening. Thus, the combination of ligand and structure-based pharmacophore modelling helped in developing ideal pharmacophore models that may be an efficient tool for the designing of novel dual inhibitors of Syk and PI3Kδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaur
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , India
| | - O Silakari
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , India
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19
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Sweidan K, Sabbah DA, Bardaweel S, Dush KA, Sheikha GA, Mubarak MS. Computer-aided design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new indole-2-carboxamide derivatives as PI3Kα/EGFR inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2685-90. [PMID: 27084677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based drug design and molecular modeling were employed to identify a new series of indole-2-carboxamides as potential anticancer agents. These compounds were synthesized and characterized with the aid of several spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry as well as by elemental analysis. Molecular docking studies confirmed that the newly synthesized compounds accommodate PI3Kα and EGFR kinase catalytic sites and form H-bonding with the key binding residues. The antitumor activity of these new compounds against an array of cancer cell lines (human colon carcinoma (HCT116), leukemia (K562), and breast cancer (MDA231) was evaluated. Results revealed that these compounds were selective against the kinase domain, and none of them showed any inhibitory activity against K562. In addition, results showed that compound 13 exhibited high potency in HCT116 and MDA231 with IC50 values of 19 and 15μM, respectively. Our findings recommend that further optimization of this series would be beneficial for colon and breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, PO Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan.
| | - Sanaa Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Khadeja Abu Dush
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ghassan Abu Sheikha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, PO Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
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20
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Heffron TP, Heald RA, Ndubaku C, Wei B, Augistin M, Do S, Edgar K, Eigenbrot C, Friedman L, Gancia E, Jackson PS, Jones G, Kolesnikov A, Lee LB, Lesnick JD, Lewis C, McLean N, Mörtl M, Nonomiya J, Pang J, Price S, Prior WW, Salphati L, Sideris S, Staben ST, Steinbacher S, Tsui V, Wallin J, Sampath D, Olivero AG. The Rational Design of Selective Benzoxazepin Inhibitors of the α-Isoform of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Culminating in the Identification of (S)-2-((2-(1-Isopropyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[f]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-9-yl)oxy)propanamide (GDC-0326). J Med Chem 2016; 59:985-1002. [PMID: 26741947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isoform PI3Kα have received substantial attention for their potential use in cancer therapy. Despite the particular attraction of targeting PI3Kα, achieving selectivity for the inhibition of this isoform has proved challenging. Herein we report the discovery of inhibitors of PI3Kα that have selectivity over the other class I isoforms and all other kinases tested. In GDC-0032 (3, taselisib), we previously minimized inhibition of PI3Kβ relative to the other class I insoforms. Subsequently, we extended our efforts to identify PI3Kα-specific inhibitors using PI3Kα crystal structures to inform the design of benzoxazepin inhibitors with selectivity for PI3Kα through interactions with a nonconserved residue. Several molecules selective for PI3Kα relative to the other class I isoforms, as well as other kinases, were identified. Optimization of properties related to drug metabolism then culminated in the identification of the clinical candidate GDC-0326 (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Heffron
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert A Heald
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Chudi Ndubaku
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martin Augistin
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstr. 7aD, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steven Do
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Edgar
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lori Friedman
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emanuela Gancia
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Jackson
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Jones
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leslie B Lee
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John D Lesnick
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cristina Lewis
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Neville McLean
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Mörtl
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstr. 7aD, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jim Nonomiya
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Price
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wei Prior
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Sideris
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven T Staben
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stefan Steinbacher
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstr. 7aD, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wallin
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alan G Olivero
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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21
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Discovery and SAR of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as inhibitors of CDK9. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6280-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Nemati F, Elhampour A, Zulfaghari S. Transition-Metal-Free C–S Bond Formation: Aqueous Synthesis of S-Aryl Dithiocarbamates by The use of Stable Arenediazonium Salts Mediated by Nano-Magnetic Supported Silica Sulfonic Acid. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1024311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Elhampour
- Department of ChemistrySemnan University, Semnan, Iran
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23
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Molecular modeling based approach, synthesis, and cytotoxic activity of novel benzoin derivatives targeting phosphoinostide 3-kinase (PI3Kα). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3120-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Kumar A, Kumar N, Roy P, Sondhi SM, Sharma A. Microwave-assisted synthesis of benzenesulfonohydrazide and benzenesulfonamide cyclic imide hybrid molecules and their evaluation for anticancer activity. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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A facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of 6-amino-2-oxo-4-aryl-4H-1,3-dithiine-5-carbonitrile derivatives in water. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Verma G, Marella A, Shaquiquzzaman M, Akhtar M, Ali MR, Alam MM. A review exploring biological activities of hydrazones. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2014; 6:69-80. [PMID: 24741273 PMCID: PMC3983749 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.129170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel compounds, hydrazones has shown that they possess a wide variety of biological activities viz. antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiplatelet, antimalarial, anticancer, antifungal, antitubercular, antiviral, cardio protective etc., Hydrazones/azomethines/imines possess-NHN = CH- and constitute an important class of compounds for new drug development. A number of researchers have synthesized and evaluated the biological activities of hydrazones. This review aims at highlighting the diverse biological activities of hydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Akranth Marella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mymoona Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Rahmat Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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27
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors: Solubilized 4-substituted benzimidazole analogs of 2-(difluoromethyl)-1-[4,6-di(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1H-benzimidazole (ZSTK474). Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:137-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Talekar M, Ganta S, Amiji M, Jamieson S, Kendall J, Denny WA, Garg S. Development of PIK-75 nanosuspension formulation with enhanced delivery efficiency and cytotoxicity for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2013; 450:278-89. [PMID: 23632263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PIK-75 is a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor that shows selectivity toward p110-α over the other PI3K class Ia isoforms p110-β and p110-δ, but it lacks solubility, stability and other kinase selectivity. The purpose of this study was to develop folate-targeted PIK-75 nanosuspension for tumor targeted delivery and to improve therapeutic efficacy in human ovarian cancer model. High pressure homogenization was used to prepare the non-targeted and targeted PIK-75 nanosuspensions which were characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, saturation solubility and dissolution velocity. In vitro analysis of drug uptake, cell viability and cell survival was conducted in SKOV-3 cells. Drug pharmacokinetics and pAkt expression were determined in SKOV-3 tumor bearing mice. PIK-75 nanosuspensions showed an improvement in dissolution velocity and an 11-fold increase in saturation solubility over pre-milled PIK-75. In vitro studies in SKOV-3 cells indicated a 2-fold improvement in drug uptake and 0.4-fold decrease in IC50 value of PIK-75 following treatment with targeted nanosuspension compared to non-targeted nanosuspension. The improvement in cytotoxicity was attributed to an increase in caspase 3/7 and hROS activity. In vivo studies indicated a 5-10-fold increased PIK-75 accumulation in the tumor with both the nanosuspension formulations compared to PIK-75 suspension. The targeted nanosuspension showed an enhanced downregulation of pAkt compared to non-targeted formulation system. These results illustrate the opportunity to formulate PIK-75 as a targeted nanosuspension to enhance uptake and cytotoxicity of the drug in tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Talekar
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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29
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Development and evaluation of PIK75 nanosuspension, a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:824-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Inhibitor (PIK75) Containing Surface Functionalized Nanoemulsion for Enhanced Drug Delivery, Cytotoxicity and Pro-apoptotic Activity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2874-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Zhang ZM, Zhang XW, Zhao ZZ, Yan R, Xu R, Gong HB, Zhu HL. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential immunosuppressive agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3359-67. [PMID: 22520630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives derived from 4-methoxysalicylic acid or 4-methylsalicylic acid (6a-6z) have been first synthesized for their potential immunosuppressive activity. Among them, compound 6z displayed the most potent biological activity against lymph node cells (inhibition=38.76% for lymph node cells and IC(50)=0.31 μM for PI3Kγ). The preliminary mechanism of compound 6z inhibition effects was also detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and the compound exerted immunosuppressive activity via inducing the apoptosis of activated lymph node cells in a dose dependent manner. Docking simulation was performed to position compound 6z into the PI3Kγ structure active site to determine the probable binding model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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32
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Discovery of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines as p110α-selective PI3 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:69-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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34
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Machado KE, Oliveira KND, Santos-Bubniak L, Licínio MA, Nunes RJ, Santos-Silva MC. Evaluation of apoptotic effect of cyclic imide derivatives on murine B16F10 melanoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Heffron TP, Wei B, Olivero A, Staben ST, Tsui V, Do S, Dotson J, Folkes AJ, Goldsmith P, Goldsmith R, Gunzner J, Lesnick J, Lewis C, Mathieu S, Nonomiya J, Shuttleworth S, Sutherlin DP, Wan NC, Wang S, Wiesmann C, Zhu BY. Rational Design of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase α Inhibitors That Exhibit Selectivity over the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase β Isoform. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7815-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2007084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Heffron
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alan Olivero
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven T. Staben
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven Do
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jennafer Dotson
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Adrian J. Folkes
- Piramed Pharma, 957 Buckingham
Avenue, Slough, Berks SL1 4NL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Goldsmith
- Piramed Pharma, 957 Buckingham
Avenue, Slough, Berks SL1 4NL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Goldsmith
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Janet Gunzner
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Lesnick
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cristina Lewis
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simon Mathieu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jim Nonomiya
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Daniel P. Sutherlin
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nan Chi Wan
- Piramed Pharma, 957 Buckingham
Avenue, Slough, Berks SL1 4NL, United Kingdom
| | - Shumei Wang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christian Wiesmann
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bing-Yan Zhu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
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36
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Rewcastle GW, Gamage SA, Flanagan JU, Frederick R, Denny WA, Baguley BC, Kestell P, Singh R, Kendall JD, Marshall ES, Lill CL, Lee WJ, Kolekar S, Buchanan CM, Jamieson SMF, Shepherd PR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel analogues of the pan class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor 2-(difluoromethyl)-1-[4,6-di(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1H-benzimidazole (ZSTK474). J Med Chem 2011; 54:7105-26. [PMID: 21882832 DOI: 10.1021/jm200688y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the pan class I PI 3-kinase inhibitor 2-(difluoromethyl)-1-[4,6-di(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1H-benzimidazole (ZSTK474) identified substitution at the 4 and 6 positions of the benzimidazole ring as having significant effects on the potency of substituted derivatives. The 6-amino-4-methoxy analogue displayed a greater than 1000-fold potency enhancement over the corresponding 6-aza-4-methoxy analogue against all three class Ia PI 3-kinase enzymes (p110α, p110β, and p110δ) and also displayed significant potency against two mutant forms of the p110α isoform (H1047R and E545K). This compound was also evaluated in vivo against a U87MG human glioblastoma tumor xenograft model in Rag1(-/-) mice, and at a dose of 50 mg/kg given by ip injection at a qd × 10 dosing schedule it dramatically reduced cancer growth by 81% compared to untreated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Rewcastle
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Wisterowicz K, Gobis K, Foks H, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E. The synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of benzenesulfonohydrazide derivatives. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sabbah DA, Vennerstrom JL, Zhong H. Docking studies on isoform-specific inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinases. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 50:1887-98. [PMID: 20866085 DOI: 10.1021/ci1002679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) is a promising target for anticancer drug design. Oncogenic mutation H1047R in the catalytic domain is observed in many tumors and may enhance PI3Kα kinase activity by affecting loop confirmations as well as membrane binding. We applied docking methods to 33 PI3K inhibitors against the wild type (wt) PI3Kα, the H1047R mutant of PI3Kα and the γ isoform of PI3K (PI3Kγ). We also investigated the effect of protein flexibility on ligand binding by docking the same set of ligands to conformations of the wt and mutant PI3Kα generated by molecular dynamics simulations. Our data suggests that conformational differences in Gln859, Ser854, Tyr836, and Ser774 between the PI3Kα wt and H1047R mutant may be used to design ligands that are active against both the wt and H1047R mutant isoforms. Gln859, Ser854 and Ser774 may play critical roles in ligand binding to the α isoform H1047R mutant while formation of H-bonds with Ser806 of PI3Kγ may enhance γ-isoform-specific inhibition. In addition to H-bond interactions, structural and size differences in the activation and hydrophobic domains of PI3Kα, PI3Kγ, and the PI3Kα H1047R mutant could be exploited to direct the design of isoform- and/or mutant-specific PI3K inhibitors. Our data provide a reasonable explanation for the activity and selectivity of small molecular PI3K inhibitors and are in good agreement with available experimental and computational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, USA
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Bortoluzzi AJ, Policarpi EB, Mora C, Oliveira KN, Nunes RJ. 4-[(1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl)meth-yl]-N'-[(E)-4-nitro-benzyl-idene]benzene-sulfono-hydrazide dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o627-8. [PMID: 21522382 PMCID: PMC3051948 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811004697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(26)H(18)N(4)O(6)S·C(2)H(6)OS, shows an E conformation of the hydrazone double bond. The presence of a methyl-ene group between the benzo[de]isoquinoline and benzene-sulfonyl moieties allows the 4-nitro-phenyl ring and the benzo[de]isoquinoline system to be parallel with respect to each other, so that the mol-ecule adopts a U-shaped spatial conformation. The dihedral angle between mean planes of these aromatic groups is 4.4 (1)°. This special arrangement enables neighboring mol-ecules to be inter-calated, forming slipped π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.535 (2) Å] between the 4-nitro-phenyl and benzo[de]isoquinoline groups and point-to-face C-H⋯π inter-actions between the benzo[de]isoquinoline and benzene-sulfonyl aromatic systems. In addition, the crystal packing also features an inter-molecular N-H⋯O inter-action involving the amine group and the dimethyl sulfoxide solvent mol-ecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adailton J. Bortoluzzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Everton B. Policarpi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Mora
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Kely N. Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J. Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
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Shuttleworth SJ, Silva FA, Cecil ARL, Tomassi CD, Hill TJ, Raynaud FI, Clarke PA, Workman P. Progress in the preclinical discovery and clinical development of class I and dual class I/IV phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:2686-714. [PMID: 21649578 PMCID: PMC3228236 DOI: 10.2174/092986711796011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) constitute an important family of lipid kinase enzymes that control a range of cellular processes through their regulation of a network of signal transduction pathways, and have emerged as important therapeutic targets in the context of cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Since the mid-late 1990s, considerable progress has been made in the discovery and development of small molecule ATP-competitive PI3K inhibitors, a number of which have entered early phase human trials over recent years from which key clinical results are now being disclosed. This review summarizes progress made to date, primarily on the discovery and characterization of class I and dual class I/IV subtype inhibitors, together with advances that have been made in translational and clinical research, notably in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Shuttleworth
- Karus Therapeutics Ltd., Southampton Science Park, Southampton, SO16 7NP, UK.
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Liew CY, Ma XH, Yap CW. Consensus model for identification of novel PI3K inhibitors in large chemical library. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 24:131-41. [PMID: 20148286 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) inhibitors have treatment potential for cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation and asthma. A consensus model consisting of three base classifiers (AODE, kNN, and SVM) trained with 1,283 positive compounds (PI3K inhibitors), 16 negative compounds (PI3K non-inhibitors) and 64,078 generated putative negatives was developed for predicting compounds with PI3K inhibitory activity of IC(50) < or = 10 microM. The consensus model has an estimated false positive rate of 0.75%. Nine novel potential inhibitors were identified using the consensus model and several of these contain structural features that are consistent with those found to be important for PI3K inhibitory activities. An advantage of the current model is that it does not require knowledge of 3D structural information of the various PI3K isoforms, which is not readily available for all isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yee Liew
- Pharmaceutical Data Exploration Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Han M, Zhang JZH. Class I Phospho-inositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) Isoform-Specific Inhibition Study by the Combination of Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 50:136-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ci900175n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Han
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - John Z. H. Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003
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Tahara S, Shibahara F, Maruyama T, Murai T. Iodine-mediated cyclization of N-thioacyl-1-(2-pyridyl)-1,2-aminoalcohols and their subsequent condensation leading to the formation of novel bis(1-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl)arylmethanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7009-11. [PMID: 19904377 DOI: 10.1039/b910172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of N-thioacyl-1-(2-pyridyl)-1,2-aminoalcohols with iodine and pyridine in THF at room temperature for 30 min leads to the formation of bis(1-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl)arylmethanes as green solids in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tahara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors: identification of new scaffolds using virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5842-7. [PMID: 19748269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we used virtual screening (VS) of the ZINC database of 2.5 million compounds to seek new PI3K inhibitory scaffolds. The VS flowchart implemented various filters, including a 3D-database screen, and extensive docking studies, to derive 89 derivatives that were experimentally assayed against the four PI3K isoforms. Seven compounds showed inhibitory activities between 1 and 100 microM, with four being sufficiently potent to constitute potential new scaffolds. The binding conformations of these four were analyzed to provide a rationalization of their activity profile.
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Chapter 17 Emerging Therapies Based on Inhibitors of Phosphatidyl-Inositol-3-Kinases. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(09)04417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Shuttleworth S, Silva F, Tomassi C, Cecil A, Hill T, Rogers H, Townsend P. Progress in the design and development of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors for the treatment of chronic diseases. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009; 48:81-131. [PMID: 21544958 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(09)04803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Shuttleworth
- Karus Therapeutics Ltd., 2 Venture Road, Southampton Science Park, Southampton, S016 7NP, UK
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Marone R, Cmiljanovic V, Giese B, Wymann MP. Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase: moving towards therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1784:159-85. [PMID: 17997386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) orchestrate cell responses including mitogenic signaling, cell survival and growth, metabolic control, vesicular trafficking, degranulation, cytoskeletal rearrangement and migration. Deregulation of the PI3K pathway occurs by activating mutations in growth factor receptors or the PIK3CA locus coding for PI3Kalpha, by loss of function of the lipid phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome ten (PTEN/MMAC/TEP1), by the up-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), or the impairment of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1/2). All these events are linked to growth and proliferation, and have thus prompted a significant interest in the pharmaceutical targeting of the PI3K pathway in cancer. Genetic targeting of PI3Kgamma (p110gamma) and PI3Kdelta (p110delta) in mice has underlined a central role of these PI3K isoforms in inflammation and allergy, as they modulate chemotaxis of leukocytes and degranulation in mast cells. Proof-of-concept molecules selective for PI3Kgamma have already successfully alleviated disease progress in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. As targeting PI3K moves forward to therapy of chronic, non-fatal disease, safety concerns for PI3K inhibitors increase. Many of the present inhibitor series interfere with target of rapamycin (TOR), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK(cs)) and activity of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene product (ATM). Here we review the current disease-relevant knowledge for isoform-specific PI3K function in the above mentioned diseases, and review the progress of >400 recent patents covering pharmaceutical targeting of PI3K. Currently, several drugs targeting the PI3K pathway have entered clinical trials (phase I) for solid tumors and suppression of tissue damage after myocardial infarction (phases I,II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Marone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
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