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Brkic A, Leibundgut M, Jablonska J, Zanki V, Car Z, Petrovic Perokovic V, Marsavelski A, Ban N, Gruic-Sovulj I. Antibiotic hyper-resistance in a class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with altered active site signature motif. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5498. [PMID: 37679387 PMCID: PMC10485003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics target key biological processes that include protein synthesis. Bacteria respond by developing resistance, which increases rapidly due to antibiotics overuse. Mupirocin, a clinically used natural antibiotic, inhibits isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS), an enzyme that links isoleucine to its tRNAIle for protein synthesis. Two IleRSs, mupirocin-sensitive IleRS1 and resistant IleRS2, coexist in bacteria. The latter may also be found in resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Here, we describe the structural basis of mupirocin resistance and unravel a mechanism of hyper-resistance evolved by some IleRS2 proteins. We surprisingly find that an up to 103-fold increase in resistance originates from alteration of the HIGH motif, a signature motif of the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to which IleRSs belong. The structural analysis demonstrates how an altered HIGH motif could be adopted in IleRS2 but not IleRS1, providing insight into an elegant mechanism for coevolution of the key catalytic motif and associated antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brkic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Leibundgut
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Jablonska
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - V Zanki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Z Car
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Petrovic Perokovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Marsavelski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - I Gruic-Sovulj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chen B, Li L, Chen J, Huang Y. A Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between Aliphatic Aldehydes And Sulfonium Salts. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Jiean Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
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Grygorenko OO, Moskvina VS, Kleban I, Hryshchyk OV. Synthesis of saturated and partially saturated heterocyclic boronic derivatives. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wencewicz TA. Crossroads of Antibiotic Resistance and Biosynthesis. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3370-3399. [PMID: 31288031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of antibiotics and self-protection mechanisms employed by antibiotic producers are an integral part of the growing antibiotic resistance threat. The origins of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes found in human pathogens have been traced to ancient microbial producers of antibiotics in natural environments. Widespread and frequent antibiotic use amplifies environmental pools of antibiotic resistance genes and increases the likelihood for the selection of a resistance event in human pathogens. This perspective will provide an overview of the origins of antibiotic resistance to highlight the crossroads of antibiotic biosynthesis and producer self-protection that result in clinically relevant resistance mechanisms. Some case studies of synergistic antibiotic combinations, adjuvants, and hybrid antibiotics will also be presented to show how native antibiotic producers manage the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Wencewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Raghavan S, Ravi A. Synthesis of an advanced intermediate enroute to thiomarinol antibiotics. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hall DG, Rybak T, Verdelet T. Multicomponent Hetero-[4 + 2] Cycloaddition/Allylboration Reaction: From Natural Product Synthesis to Drug Discovery. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2489-2500. [PMID: 27753496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCR), transformations employing three or more simple substrates in a single and highly atom-economical operation, are very attractive in both natural product synthesis and diversity-oriented synthesis of druglike molecules. Several popular multicomponent reactions were designed by combining two well-established individual reactions that utilize mutually compatible substrates. In this regard, it is not surprising that the merging of two reactions deemed as workhorses of stereoselective synthesis, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition and carbonyl allylboration, would produce a powerful and highly versatile tandem MCR process. The idea of using 1,3-dienylboronates in [4 + 2] cycloadditions as a means to produce cyclic allylic boronates was first reported by Vaultier and Hoffmann in 1987. In their seminal study, a 1-boronodiene was reacted with electron-poor alkenes, and the intermediate cycloadducts were isolated and added to aldehydes in a separate step leading to α-hydroxyalkylated carbocycles via a highly diastereoselective allylboration reaction. The one-pot three-component variant was realized in 1999 by Lallemand and co-workers, and soon after groups led by Hall and Carboni reported heterocyclic variants of the tandem [4 + 2] cycloaddition/allylboration to prepare α-hydroxyalkylated piperidine and pyran containing compounds, respectively. These classes of heterocycles are ubiquitous in Nature and are important components of pharmaceuticals. This Account summarizes the development and evolution of this powerful multicomponent reaction for accessing nonaromatic heterocycles and its many applications in natural products synthesis and drug discovery. The aza[4 + 2]cycloaddition/allylboration MCR was first optimized in our laboratory using 4-boronylhydrazonobutadienes and N-substituted maleimides, and it was exploited in the preparation of combinatorial libraries of polysubstituted imidopiperidines that feature as many as four elements of chemical diversity. Biological screening of these druglike imidopiperidine libraries unveiled promising bioactive agents such as A12B4C3, the first reported inhibitor of the human DNA repair enzyme, polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase (hPNKP). Related applications of this MCR in target-oriented synthesis also led to total syntheses of palustrine alkaloids. The inverse electron-demand oxa[4 + 2] cycloaddition/allyboration variant can take advantage of Jacobsen's chiral Cr(III)salen catalyst, affording a rare example of catalytic enantioselective MCR, one that provides a rapid access to α-hydroxyalkyl dihydropyrans in high enantio- and diastereoselectivity. This process exploits 3-boronoacrolein pinacolate as the heterodiene with ethyl vinyl ether or various 2-substituted enol ethers, along with a wide variety of aldehydes in the allylation stage. This versatile methodology was deployed in total syntheses of thiomarinol antibiotics, goniodiol and its derivatives, and the complex anticancer macrolide palmerolide A. More recent work from our laboratory centered on the regio- and stereoselective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the dihydropyranyl boronates, thus providing a glimpse of the potential for new multicomponent variants that merge hetero[4 + 2] cycloadditions of 1-borylated heterodienes with transition metal-catalyzed transformations. This stereoselective MCR strategy holds great promise for provoking continuing applications in complex molecule synthesis and drug discovery, and is likely to inspire new and innovative MCR-based approaches to nonaromatic heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Taras Rybak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Tristan Verdelet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
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Catalytic enantioselective diversity-oriented synthesis of a small library of polyhydroxylated pyrans inspired from thiomarinol antibiotics. Mol Divers 2014; 18:701-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Eberlin L, Tripoteau F, Carreaux F, Whiting A, Carboni B. Boron-substituted 1,3-dienes and heterodienes as key elements in multicomponent processes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:237-50. [PMID: 24605143 PMCID: PMC3943648 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, multicomponent reactions involving boron substituted 1,3-dienes have emerged as important tools in synthetic organic chemistry. The most significant recent results and developments obtained in this area are reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Eberlin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 10A, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Fabien Tripoteau
- Oméga Cat System, 11, allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - François Carreaux
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 10A, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 10A, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Tripoteau F, Verdelet T, Hercouet A, Carreaux F, Carboni B. Boron- and silicon-substituted [3]-1-heterodendralenes as versatile building blocks for the rapid construction of polycyclic architectures. Chemistry 2011; 17:13670-5. [PMID: 22069230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Tripoteau
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6626 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
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Mupirocin: biosynthesis, special features and applications of an antibiotic from a gram-negative bacterium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:11-21. [PMID: 21336932 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mupirocin is a polyketide antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The biosynthetic cluster encodes 6 type I polyketide synthase multifunctional proteins and 29 single function proteins. The biosynthetic pathway belongs to the trans-AT group in which acyltransferase activity is provided by a separate polypeptide rather than in-cis as found in the original type I polyketide synthases. Special features of this group are in-cis methyltransferase domains and a trans-acting HMG-CoA synthase-cassette which insert α- and β- methyl groups respectively while enoyl reductase domains are absent from the condensing modules. In addition, for the mupirocin system, there is no obvious loading mechanism for initiation of the polyketide chain and many aspects of the pathway remain to be elucidated. Mupirocin inhibits isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase and has been used since 1985 to help prevent infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, particularly within hospitals. Resistance to mupirocin was first detected in 1987 and high-level resistance in S. aureus is due to a plasmid-encoded second isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, a more eukaryotic-like enzyme. Recent analysis of the biosynthetic pathway for thiomarinols from marine bacteria opens up possibilities to modify mupirocin so as to overcome this resistance.
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Abstract
Mupirocin, a polyketide antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, is used to control the carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on skin and in nasal passages as well as for various skin infections. Low-level resistance to the antibiotic arises by mutation of the mupirocin target, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, whereas high-level resistance is due to the presence of an isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase with many similarities to eukaryotic enzymes. Mupirocin biosynthesis is carried out by a combination of type I multifunctional polyketide synthases and tailoring enzymes encoded in a 75 kb gene cluster. Chemical synthesis has also been achieved. This knowledge should allow the synthesis of new and modified antibiotics for the future.
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