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Gondoin A, Hampe C, Eudes R, Fayolle C, Pierre-Eugène C, Miteva M, Villoutreix BO, Charnay-Pouget F, Aitken DJ, Issad T, Burnol AF. Identification of insulin-sensitizing molecules acting by disrupting the interaction between the Insulin Receptor and Grb14. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16901. [PMID: 29203791 PMCID: PMC5715071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are characterized by a decreased action of insulin. During the course of the disease, usual treatments frequently fail and patients are finally submitted to insulinotherapy. There is thus a need for innovative therapeutic strategies to improve insulin action. Growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 (Grb14) is a molecular adapter that specifically binds to the activated insulin receptor (IR) and inhibits its tyrosine kinase activity. Molecules disrupting Grb14-IR binding are therefore potential insulin-sensitizing agents. We used Structure-Based Virtual Ligand Screening to generate a list of 1000 molecules predicted to hinder Grb14-IR binding. Using an acellular bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay, we identified, out of these 1000 molecules, 3 compounds that inhibited Grb14-IR interaction. Their inhibitory effect on insulin-induced Grb14-IR interaction was confirmed in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The more efficient molecule (C8) was further characterized. C8 increased downstream Ras-Raf and PI3-kinase insulin signaling, as shown by BRET experiments in living cells. Moreover, C8 regulated the expression of insulin target genes in mouse primary hepatocytes. These results indicate that C8, by reducing Grb14-IR interaction, increases insulin signalling. The use of C8 as a lead compound should allow for the development of new molecules of potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Gondoin
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France.,INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Cornelia Hampe
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France.,INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Richard Eudes
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Fayolle
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France.,INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Pierre-Eugène
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France.,INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Maria Miteva
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico, Paris, France
| | - Bruno O Villoutreix
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico, Paris, France
| | - Florence Charnay-Pouget
- CP3A Organic Synthesis Group, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - David J Aitken
- CP3A Organic Synthesis Group, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Tarik Issad
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France. .,INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France. .,INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.
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2
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Kranawetvogl A, Küppers J, Gütschow M, Worek F, Thiermann H, Elsinghorst PW, John H. Identification of novel disulfide adducts between the thiol containing leaving group of the nerve agent VX and cysteine containing tripeptides derived from human serum albumin. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1192-1203. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kranawetvogl
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Neuherbergstrasse 11 80937 Munich Germany
| | - Jim Küppers
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Neuherbergstrasse 11 80937 Munich Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Neuherbergstrasse 11 80937 Munich Germany
| | - Paul W. Elsinghorst
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
- Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Munich; Ingolstädter Landstrasse 102 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Neuherbergstrasse 11 80937 Munich Germany
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3
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Shi S, Nguyen PK, Cabral HJ, Diez-Barroso R, Derry PJ, Kanahara SM, Kumar VA. Development of peptide inhibitors of HIV transmission. Bioact Mater 2016; 1:109-121. [PMID: 29744399 PMCID: PMC5883972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of HIV has long faced the challenge of high mutation rates leading to rapid development of resistance, with ongoing need to develop new methods to effectively fight the infection. Traditionally, early HIV medications were designed to inhibit RNA replication and protein production through small molecular drugs. Peptide based therapeutics are a versatile, promising field in HIV therapy, which continues to develop as we expand our understanding of key protein-protein interactions that occur in HIV replication and infection. This review begins with an introduction to HIV, followed by the biological basis of disease, current clinical management of the disease, therapeutics on the market, and finally potential avenues for improved drug development.
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Key Words
- AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- ART, antiretroviral therapy
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Drug development
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- FY, fiscal year
- HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy
- HCV, hepatitis C Virus
- HIV
- HIV treatment
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- INSTI, Integrase strand transfer inhibitors
- LEDGF, lens epithelium-derived growth factor
- NNRTI, Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- NRTI, Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
- Peptide inhibitor
- Peptide therapeutic
- R&D, research and development
- RT, reverse transcriptase
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter K. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Henry J. Cabral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | | | - Paul J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Vivek A. Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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4
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Chauhan J, Chen SE, Fenstermacher KJ, Naser-Tavakolian A, Reingewertz T, Salmo R, Lee C, Williams E, Raje M, Sundberg E, DeStefano JJ, Freire E, Fletcher S. Synthetic, structural mimetics of the β-hairpin flap of HIV-1 protease inhibit enzyme function. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7095-109. [PMID: 26474665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule mimetics of the β-hairpin flap of HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) were designed based on a 1,4-benzodiazepine scaffold as a strategy to interfere with the flap-flap protein-protein interaction, which functions as a gated mechanism to control access to the active site. Michaelis-Menten kinetics suggested our small-molecules are competitive inhibitors, which indicates the mode of inhibition is through binding the active site or sterically blocking access to the active site and preventing flap closure, as designed. More generally, a new bioactive scaffold for HIV-1PR inhibition has been discovered, with the most potent compound inhibiting the protease with a modest K(i) of 11 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shen-En Chen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Katherine J Fenstermacher
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Aurash Naser-Tavakolian
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tali Reingewertz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rosene Salmo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christian Lee
- PharmD Program, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Emori Williams
- Vivien T Thomas Medical Arts Academy, 100 N Calhoun St., Baltimore, MD 21223, USA
| | - Mithun Raje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eric Sundberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jeffrey J DeStefano
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ernesto Freire
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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5
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Gutiérrez A, Marzo I, Cativiela C, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Highly Cytotoxic Bioconjugated Gold(I) Complexes with Cysteine-Containing Dipeptides. Chemistry 2015; 21:11088-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Veselovsky AV, Zharkova MS, Poroikov VV, Nicklaus MC. Computer-aided design and discovery of protein-protein interaction inhibitors as agents for anti-HIV therapy. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:457-471. [PMID: 24716798 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.898689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are involved in most of the essential processes that occur in organisms. In recent years, PPI have become the object of increasing attention in drug discovery, particularly for anti-HIV drugs. Although the use of combinations of existing drugs, termed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has revolutionized the treatment of HIV/AIDS, problems with these agents, such as the rapid emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants and serious adverse effects, have highlighted the need for further discovery of new drugs and new targets. Numerous investigations have shown that PPI play a key role in the virus's life cycle and that blocking or modulating them has a significant therapeutic potential. Here we summarize the recent progress in computer-aided design of PPI inhibitors, mainly focusing on the selection of the drug targets (HIV enzymes and virus entry machinery) and the utilization of peptides and small molecules to prevent a variety of protein-protein interactions (viral-viral or viral-host) that play a vital role in the progression of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Veselovsky
- a Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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7
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Ko E, Raghuraman A, Perez LM, Ioerger TR, Burgess K. Exploring key orientations at protein-protein interfaces with small molecule probes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:167-73. [PMID: 23270593 PMCID: PMC3551583 DOI: 10.1021/ja3067258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule probes that selectively perturb protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are pivotal to biomedical science, but their discovery is challenging. We hypothesized that conformational resemblance of semirigid scaffolds expressing amino acid side-chains to PPI-interface regions could guide this process. Consequently, a data mining algorithm was developed to sample huge numbers of PPIs to find ones that match preferred conformers of a selected semirigid scaffold. Conformations of one such chemotype (1aaa; all methyl side-chains) matched several biomedically significant PPIs, including the dimerization interface of HIV-1 protease. On the basis of these observations, four molecules 1 with side-chains corresponding to the matching HIV-1 dimerization interface regions were prepared; all four inhibited HIV-1 protease via perturbation of dimerization. These data indicate this approach may inspire design of small molecule interface probes to perturb PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwa Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842
| | - Arjun Raghuraman
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842
| | - Lisa M. Perez
- Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3112
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842
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8
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Ponterini G. Fluorescence Observables and Enzyme Kinetics in the Investigation of PPI Modulation by Small Molecules: Detection, Mechanistic Insight, and Functional Consequences. DISRUPTION OF PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERFACES 2013. [PMCID: PMC7123529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37999-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The potential of fluorescence-based methods and kinetic analysis in the screening and molecular-scale mechanistic investigation of PPI modulation by small molecules is discussed through several representative examples collected and commented. These experimental approaches take advantage of a variety of observables. Changes in the protein aggregation pattern have been monitored through fluorescence properties such as spectra, intensities (related to quantum yields), time-decays, and anisotropies of intrinsic protein fluorophores, of extrinsic fluorescent tags and, even, of the same small molecules added to modulate PPIs, as well as through bimolecular excited-state processes such as static and collisional quenching, including electron and excitation-energy transfer, or exciton interaction, whose efficiencies are crucially structure dependent. Besides allowing for qualitative and quantitative information on the small-molecule induced PPI modulation, these approaches can take advantage from the sensitivity of fluorescence observables on fine structural details to shed light on the molecular-scale mechanisms of action and their functional consequences. Direct investigation of the latter by kinetic inhibition analysis represents a useful change in perspective whenever PPI are relevant for enzyme activity. Dissociative inhibition, that is, the ability of some small molecules to inhibit enzymes by disrupting their active oligomeric assembly is shortly reviewed.
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9
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Pinyol E, Frutos S, Grillo-Bosch D, Giralt E, Clotet B, Esté JA, Diez A. Applications of 3-aminolactams: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a library of potential dimerisation inhibitors of HIV1-protease. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4348-54. [PMID: 22546925 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25291k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the context of our studies on the applications of 3-aminolactams as conformationally restricted pseudodipeptides, we report here the synthesis of a library of potential dimerisation inhibitors of HIV1-protease. Two of the pseudopeptides were active on the wild type virus (HIV1) at micromolar levels (EC(50)). Although the peptides showed lower anti-viral activity than previously reported dimerisation inhibitors, our results demonstrate that the piperidone moiety does not prevent cell penetration, and hence that such derivatization is compatible with potential anti-HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulàlia Pinyol
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Sousa SF, Tamames B, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ. Detailed atomistic analysis of the HIV-1 protease interface. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7045-57. [PMID: 21545127 DOI: 10.1021/jp200075s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 protease is a very attractive target for the development of new anti-HIV drugs and has been extensively studied over the past decades. In this study, we present a detailed atomic level characterization of the dimer interface in the enzyme HIV-1 protease through computational alanine scanning mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations. In addition to a full mapping of the amino acid residues present at the subunit interface, in terms of the corresponding energetic contribution for dimer formation and of their classification as hot spots, warm spots, and null spots, we trace a dynamic analysis of the subunit interacting and solvent accessible surface areas and of the most important hydrogen bonds between subunits. The results presented illustrate the high energetic importance for dimer formation of a small set of five amino acid residue pairs at the subunit interface-Leu5, Ile50, Arg87, Leu97, and Phe99-and provide important clues on the most important structural and energetic determinants for dimer formation. In addition, the results presented suggest several key targets at the subunit interface for the development of new molecules that aim to inhibit HIV-1 protease (PR) activity through blocking the formation of the fully active PR homodimeric form, providing important clues for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Filipe Sousa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Current and Novel Inhibitors of HIV Protease. Viruses 2009; 1:1209-39. [PMID: 21994591 PMCID: PMC3185513 DOI: 10.3390/v1031209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The design, development and clinical success of HIV protease inhibitors represent one of the most remarkable achievements of molecular medicine. This review describes all nine currently available FDA-approved protease inhibitors, discusses their pharmacokinetic properties, off-target activities, side-effects, and resistance profiles. The compounds in the various stages of clinical development are also introduced, as well as alternative approaches, aiming at other functional domains of HIV PR. The potential of these novel compounds to open new way to the rational drug design of human viruses is critically assessed.
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12
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Analysis and characterization of dimerization inhibition of a multi-drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease using a novel size-exclusion chromatographic approach. Biochem J 2009; 419:497-506. [PMID: 19149765 DOI: 10.1042/bj20082068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Active-site inhibitors of HIV-1 PR (protease) block viral replication by preventing viral maturation. However, HIV-1 often develops resistance to active-site inhibitors through multiple mutations in PR and therefore recent efforts have focused on inhibiting PR dimerization as an alternative approach. Dimerization inhibitors have been identified using kinetic analysis, but additional characterization of the effect of these inhibitors on PR by physical methods has been difficult. In the present study, we identified a PR(MDR) (multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 PR) that was highly resistant to autoproteolysis. Using this PR and a novel size-exclusion chromatographic approach that incorporated fluorescence and MS detection, we were able to demonstrate inhibition of dimerization using P27 (peptide 27), a peptide dimerization inhibitor of PR previously identified on the basis of kinetic analysis. Incubation of PR(MDR) with P27, or other dimerization inhibitors, led to a dose- and time-dependent formation of PR monomers based on the change in elution time by size exclusion and its similar elution time to engineered forms of monomeric PR, namely PR(T26A) and glutathionylated PR. In contrast, incubation of PR(MDR) with a potent active-site inhibitor did not change the elution time for the PR(MDR) dimer. The monomeric PR induced by P27 had fluorescent characteristics which were consistent with unfolded PR. Structure-activity studies identified the active regions of P27 and experiments were performed to examine the effect of other dimerization inhibitors on PR. The present study is the first characterization of dimerization inhibition of PR(MDR), a prime target for these inhibitors, using a novel size-exclusion chromatographic approach.
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13
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Targeting protein–protein interactions for therapeutic intervention: a challenge for the future. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:65-93. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the last two decades, an increasing research effort in academia and industry has focused on the modulation (both inhibition and stabilization) of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches and target-selective agents in drug discovery. Discussion: The diversity and complexity of highly dynamic systems such as PPIs present many challenges for the identification of drug-like molecules with the ability to modulate the PPI with the necessary selectivity and potency. In this review, a number of these strategies will be presented along with a critical overview of the challenges and potential solutions relating to the exploitation of PPIs as molecular targets. Conclusions: Both traditional drug discovery approaches and some more recently developed innovative strategies have already provided valuable tools for the discovery of PPI modulators, and a number of successful examples have highlighted the potential of targeting PPIs for therapeutic intervention, especially in the oncology area.
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Bannwarth L, Rose T, Dufau L, Vanderesse R, Dumond J, Jamart-Grégoire B, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Reboud-Ravaux M. Dimer Disruption and Monomer Sequestration by Alkyl Tripeptides Are Successful Strategies for Inhibiting Wild-Type and Multidrug-Resistant Mutated HIV-1 Proteases. Biochemistry 2008; 48:379-87. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801422u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Bannwarth
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Rose
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laure Dufau
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Régis Vanderesse
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien Dumond
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Jamart-Grégoire
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université Paris 6 UPMC, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France, Institut Pasteur, PFBMI, Département de Biologie Structurale, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, UMR 7568 CNRS-INPL, ENSIC 1, rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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