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Lv Q, Chi K, Shi X, Liu M, Li X, Zhou C, Shi L, Fan H, Liu H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang L, Wang Z. Nanozyme-like single-atom catalyst combined with artesunate achieves photothermal-enhanced nanocatalytic therapy in the near-infrared biowindow. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:686-697. [PMID: 36623782 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selectively generating active free radical (AFR) in tumor microenvironment (TME) can promote irreversible oxidation of biomolecules and damage tumor cells, resulting in effective tumor inhibition. However, therapeutic efficacy of AFR-based tumor suppression approaches is often limited by insufficient amount of H2O2 or O2 within TME. To overcome this obstacle, we design a pH/photothermal dual responsive nanosystem (PFeSA@AS) for combined photothermal and nanocatalytic therapy in the near-infrared biowindow. Here the Fe single-atom dispersed N, S-doped carbon nanosheets (FeSA) nanozyme is dispersed by phospholipid-polyethylene glycol-amine (DSPE-PEG-NH2), and further loads artesunate (AS) via an amide reaction. Upon 808-nm laser irradiation in TME, the AS is released and further be catalyzed by the FeSA nanozyme to produce cytotoxic C-centered AFRs, and further be accelerated due to the photothermal conversion performance of FeSA (23.35%). The nanocatalytic process of FeSA nanozyme is realized by density functional theory (DFT). The tumor inhibition rates of a CT26 xenograft model is 92% through a photothermal-enhanced nanocatalytic synergistic therapy, and negligible systematic toxicity is observed. This work offers a potential paradigm of multifunctional single atomic catalysts (SACs) for enhancing tumor nanocatalytic therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We designed a pH/photothermal dual responsive nanosystem (PFeSA@AS) for nanocatalytic therapy: (1) the nanosystem responsively releases AS under 808-nm laser irradiation in TME; (2) FeSA in the nanosystem can act as heme mimetic to convert AS into high cytotoxic C-centered free radicals for nanocatalytic therapy; (3) the photothermal conversion performance of FeSA further enhances the catalytic process to yield abundant AFR. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that this nanosystem can efficiently inhibit tumor growth through a photothermal-enhanced nanocatalytic synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Lv
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Chi
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Miaodeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huiling Fan
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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2
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Fu Y, Chen H, Fu W, Garcia-Borràs M, Yang Y, Liu P. Engineered P450 Atom-Transfer Radical Cyclases are Bifunctional Biocatalysts: Reaction Mechanism and Origin of Enantioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13344-13355. [PMID: 35830682 PMCID: PMC9339536 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New-to-nature radical biocatalysis has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to tame fleeting open-shell intermediates for stereoselective transformations. In 2021, we introduced a novel metalloredox biocatalysis strategy that leverages the innate redox properties of the heme cofactor of P450 enzymes, furnishing new-to-nature atom-transfer radical cyclases (ATRCases) with excellent activity and stereoselectivity. Herein, we report a combined computational and experimental study to shed light on the mechanism and origins of enantioselectivity for this system. Molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations revealed an unexpected role of the key beneficial mutation I263Q. The glutamine residue serves as an essential hydrogen bond donor that engages with the carbonyl moiety of the substrate to promote bromine atom abstraction and enhance the enantioselectivity of radical cyclization. Therefore, the evolved ATRCase is a bifunctional biocatalyst, wherein the heme cofactor enables atom-transfer radical biocatalysis, while the hydrogen bond donor residue further enhances the activity and enantioselectivity. Unlike many enzymatic stereocontrol rationales based on a rigid substrate binding model, our computations demonstrate a high degree of rotational flexibility of the allyl moiety in an enzyme-substrate complex and succeeding intermediates. Therefore, the enantioselectivity is controlled by the radical cyclization transition states rather than the substrate orientation in ground-state complexes in the preceding steps. During radical cyclization, anchoring effects of the Q263 residue and steric interactions with the heme cofactor concurrently control the π-facial selectivity, allowing for highly enantioselective C-C bond formation. Our computational findings are corroborated by experiments with ATRCase mutants generated from site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Wenzhen Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catalisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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3
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Sharma S, Ali ME. Nonreductive homolytic scission of endoperoxide bond for activation of artemisinin: A parallel mechanism to Heterolytic cleavage. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Knowledge City India
| | - Md. Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Knowledge City India
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4
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Costa EB, Silva RC, Espejo-Román JM, Neto MFDA, Cruz JN, Leite FHA, Silva CHTP, Pinheiro JC, Macêdo WJC, Santos CBR. Chemometric methods in antimalarial drug design from 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes analogues. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:677-695. [PMID: 32854545 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1803961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A set of 23 steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane analogues were studied using quantum-chemical method (B3LYP/6-31 G*) and multivariate analyses (PCA, HCA, KNN and SIMCA) in order to calculate the properties and correlate them with antimalarial activity (log RA) against Plasmodium falciparum clone D-6 from Sierra Leone. PCA results indicated 99.94% of the total variance and it was possible to divide the compounds into two classes: less and more active. Descriptors responsible for separating were: highest occupied molecular orbital energy (HOMO), bond length (O1-O2), Mulliken electronegativity (χ) and Bond information content (BIC0). We use HCA, KNN and SIMCA to explain relationships between molecular properties and biological activity of a training set and to predict antimalarial activity (log RA) of 13 compounds (#24-36) with unknown biological activity. We apply molecular docking simulations to identify intermolecular interactions with a selected biological target. The results obtained in multivariate analysis aided in the understanding of the activity of the new compound's design (#24-36). Thus, through chemometric analyses and docking molecular study, we propose theoretical synthetic routes for the most promising compounds 28, 30, 32 and 36 that can proceed to synthesis steps and in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Costa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal ABC , Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
| | - J M Espejo-Román
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - M F de A Neto
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana , Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - J N Cruz
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
| | - F H A Leite
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana , Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - C H T P Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J C Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
| | - W J C Macêdo
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Simulação de Sistema, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - Campus Capanema , Capanema, Brazil
| | - C B R Santos
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Simulação de Sistema, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - Campus Capanema , Capanema, Brazil
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Geroldinger G, Tonner M, Quirgst J, Walter M, De Sarkar S, Machín L, Monzote L, Stolze K, Catharina Duvigneau J, Staniek K, Chatterjee M, Gille L. Activation of artemisinin and heme degradation in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes: A possible link. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113737. [PMID: 31786259 PMCID: PMC7116464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoperoxides (EPs) appear to be promising drug candidates against protozoal diseases, including malaria and leishmaniasis. Previous studies have shown that these drugs need an intracellular activation to exert their pharmacological potential. The efficiency of these drugs is linked to the extensive iron demand of these intracellular protozoal parasites. An essential step of the activation mechanism of these drugs is the formation of radicals in Leishmania. Iron is a known trigger for intracellular radical formation. However, the activation of EPs by low molecular iron or by heme iron may strongly depend on the structure of the EPs themselves. In this study, we focused on the activation of artemisinin (Art) in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) in comparison to reference compounds. Viability assays in different media in the presence of different iron sources (hemin/fetal calf serum) showed that IC50 values of Art in LtP were modulated by assay conditions, but overall were within the low micromolar range. Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of LtP showed that Art shifted the redox state of the labile iron pool less than the EP ascaridole questioning its role as a major activator of Art in LtP. Based on the high reactivity of Art with hemin in previous biomimetic experiments, we focused on putative heme-metabolizing enzymes in Leishmania, which were so far not well described. Inhibitors of mammalian heme oxygenase (HO; tin and chromium mesoporphyrin) acted antagonistically to Art in LtP and boosted its IC50 value for several magnitudes. By inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP-OES, ICP-MS) we showed that these inhibitors do not block iron (heme) accumulation, but are taken up and act within LtP. These inhibitors blocked the conversion of hemin to bilirubin in LtP homogenates, suggesting that an HO-like enzyme activity in LtP exists. NADPH-dependent degradation of Art and hemin was highest in the small granule and microsomal fractions of LtP. Photometric measurements in the model Art/hemin demonstrated that hemin requires reduction to heme and that subsequently an Art/heme complex (λmax 474 nm) is formed. EPR spin-trapping in the system Art/hemin revealed that NADPH, ascorbate and cysteine are suitable reductants and finally activate Art to acyl-carbon centered radicals. These findings suggest that heme is a major activator of Art in LtP either via HO-like enzyme activities and/or chemical interaction of heme with Art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Geroldinger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Tonner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Quirgst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sritama De Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Laura Machín
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
| | - Klaus Stolze
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Staniek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Theoretical research in structure characteristics of different inhibitors and differences of binding modes with CBP bromodomain. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:712-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Zin NM, Remali J, Nasrom MN, Ishak SA, Baba MS, Jalil J. Bioactive compounds fractionated from endophyte Streptomyces SUK 08 with promising ex-vivo antimalarial activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Gold D, Alian M, Domb A, Karawani Y, Jbarien M, Chollet J, Haynes RK, Wong HN, Buchholz V, Greiner A, Golenser J. Elimination of Schistosoma mansoni in infected mice by slow release of artemisone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2017; 7:241-247. [PMID: 28511056 PMCID: PMC5430492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current treatment of schistosomiasis is based on the anti-helminthic drug praziquantel (PZQ). PZQ affects only the adult stages of schistosomes. In addition, resistance to PZQ is emerging. We suggest a drug, which could serve as a potential alternative or complement to PZQ, and as a means of treating infections at earlier, pre-granuloma stage. Derivatives of the peroxidic antimalarial drug artemisinin have been indicated as alternatives, because both plasmodia and schistosomes are blood-feeding parasites. The mechanism of action of artemisinins is related to oxidative effects of the artemisinins on intracellular reductants leading to formation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. We used artemisone, which has improved pharmacokinetics and anti-plasmodial activity, and reduced toxicity compared to other artemisinins in clinical use against malaria. We infected adult mice by subcutaneous injection of S. mansoni cercariae (about 200) and treated them at various times post infection by the following methods: i. artemisone suspension administered by gavage (400-450 mg/kg); ii. subcutaneous injection of a gel containing a known concentration of artemisone (115-120 mg/kg); iii. subcutaneous insertion of the drug incorporated in a solid polymer (56-60 mg/kg); iv. intraperitoneal injection of the drug solubilized in DMSO (115-120 mg/kg). Drug administration in polymers was performed to enable slow release of the artemisone that was verified in vivo and in vitro bioassays using drug-sensitive malaria parasites. We found superior strong anti-schistosome effects up to a total reduction of worm number, mainly following repetitive treatments with the drug absorbed in the polymers (73.1% and 95.9% reduction in mice treated with artemisone in gel 7 and 14, and 21, 28 and 35 days post infection, respectively). The results indicate that artemisone has a potent anti-schistosome activity. Its main importance in this context is its effectiveness in treating hosts harboring juvenile schistosomes, before egg-deposition and induction of deleterious immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gold
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Mohammed Alian
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Domb
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yara Karawani
- The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Israel
| | - Maysa Jbarien
- The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Israel
| | - Jacques Chollet
- Swiss Tropical Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard K Haynes
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Ho Ning Wong
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Viola Buchholz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jacob Golenser
- The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Israel.
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9
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Persico M, Fattorusso R, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Chianese G, de Paola I, Zaccaro L, Rondinelli F, Lombardo M, Quintavalla A, Trombini C, Fattorusso E, Fattorusso C, Farina B. The interaction of heme with plakortin and a synthetic endoperoxide analogue: new insights into the heme-activated antimalarial mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45485. [PMID: 28383076 PMCID: PMC5382535 DOI: 10.1038/srep45485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work we performed a combined experimental and computational study on the interaction of the natural antimalarial endoperoxide plakortin and its synthetic analogue 4a with heme. Obtained results indicate that the studied compounds produce reactive carbon radical species after being reductively activated by heme. In particular, similarly to artemisinin, the formation of radicals prone to inter-molecular reactions should represent the key event responsible for Plasmodium death. To our knowledge this is the first experimental investigation on the reductive activation of simple antimalarial endoperoxides (1,2-dioxanes) by heme and results were compared to the ones previously obtained from the reaction with FeCl2. The obtained experimental data and the calculated molecular interaction models represent crucial tools for the rational optimization of our promising class of low-cost synthetic antimalarial endoperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Persico
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Pharmacy, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy.,Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Second University of Naples, Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, 81100, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB) CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Pharmacy, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy.,Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chianese
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Pharmacy, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy.,Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivan de Paola
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB) CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Laura Zaccaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB) CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Francesca Rondinelli
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Pharmacy, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy.,Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy.,Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Arianna Quintavalla
- Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy.,Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Claudio Trombini
- Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy.,Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fattorusso
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Pharmacy, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy.,Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Pharmacy, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy.,Italian Malaria Network - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca Sulla Malaria (CIRM) Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Via Del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Farina
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB) CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Naples, 80134, Italy.,Advanced Accelerator Applications, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, 81100, Italy
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10
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Vieira JB, Braga FS, Lobato CC, Santos CF, Costa JS, Bittencourt JAHM, Brasil DSB, Silva JO, Hage-Melim LIS, Macêdo WJC, Carvalho JCT, Santos CBR. A QSAR, pharmacokinetic and toxicological study of new artemisinin compounds with anticancer activity. Molecules 2014; 19:10670-97. [PMID: 25061720 PMCID: PMC6271355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190810670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Density Functional Theory (DFT) method and the 6-31G** basis set were employed to calculate the molecular properties of artemisinin and 20 derivatives with different degrees of cytotoxicity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 line. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to select the most important descriptors related to anticancer activity. The significant molecular descriptors related to the compounds with anticancer activity were the ALOGPS_log, Mor29m, IC5 and GAP energy. The Pearson correlation between activity and most important descriptors were used for the regression partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) models built. The regression PLS and PCR were very close, with variation between PLS and PCR of R2 = ±0.0106, R2ajust = ±0.0125, s = ±0.0234, F(4,11) = ±12.7802, Q2 = ±0.0088, SEV = ±0.0132, PRESS = ±0.4808 and SPRESS = ±0.0057. These models were used to predict the anticancer activity of eight new artemisinin compounds (test set) with unknown activity, and for these new compounds were predicted pharmacokinetic properties: human intestinal absorption (HIA), cellular permeability (PCaCO2), cell permeability Maden Darby Canine Kidney (PMDCK), skin permeability (PSkin), plasma protein binding (PPB) and penetration of the blood-brain barrier (CBrain/Blood), and toxicological: mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The test set showed for two new artemisinin compounds satisfactory results for anticancer activity and pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. Consequently, further studies need be done to evaluate the different proposals as well as their actions, toxicity, and potential use for treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josinete B Vieira
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - Francinaldo S Braga
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - Cleison C Lobato
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - César F Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - Josivan S Costa
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - José Adolfo H M Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - Davi S B Brasil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - Jocivânia O Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km 2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - Lorane I S Hage-Melim
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - Williams Jorge C Macêdo
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos T Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km 2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
| | - Cleydson Breno R Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Rod JK Km2, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil.
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11
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de Paula MC, Valle MS, Pliego JR. Electron affinity and dipole moment of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes antimalarials and correlation with activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Santos CBR, Vieira JB, Lobato CC, Hage-Melim LIS, Souto RNP, Lima CS, Costa EVM, Brasil DSB, Macêdo WJC, Carvalho JCT. A SAR and QSAR study of new artemisinin compounds with antimalarial activity. Molecules 2013; 19:367-99. [PMID: 24381053 PMCID: PMC6271440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hartree-Fock method and the 6-31G** basis set were employed to calculate the molecular properties of artemisinin and 20 derivatives with antimalarial activity. Maps of molecular electrostatic potential (MEPs) and molecular docking were used to investigate the interaction between ligands and the receptor (heme). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were employed to select the most important descriptors related to activity. The correlation between biological activity and molecular properties was obtained using the partial least squares and principal component regression methods. The regression PLS and PCR models built in this study were also used to predict the antimalarial activity of 30 new artemisinin compounds with unknown activity. The models obtained showed not only statistical significance but also predictive ability. The significant molecular descriptors related to the compounds with antimalarial activity were the hydration energy (HE), the charge on the O11 oxygen atom (QO11), the torsion angle O1-O2-Fe-N2 (D2) and the maximum rate of R/Sanderson Electronegativity (RTe+). These variables led to a physical and structural explanation of the molecular properties that should be selected for when designing new ligands to be used as antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleydson Breno R Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - Josinete B Vieira
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - Cleison C Lobato
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - Lorane I S Hage-Melim
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo N P Souto
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa S Lima
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth V M Costa
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - Davi S B Brasil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - Williams Jorge C Macêdo
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos T Carvalho
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.
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Komatsuya K, Hata M, Balogun EO, Hikosaka K, Suzuki S, Takahashi K, Tanaka T, Nakajima M, Ogura SI, Sato S, Kita K. Synergy of ferrous ion on 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum. J Biochem 2013; 154:501-4. [PMID: 24158489 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haem biosynthesis appeared to be a target of malaria therapy because 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a haem biosynthesis starting material, with light exposure or a high amount of ALA alone reduced Plasmodium falciparum growth to undetectable level. However, the administration of a high dose of ALA is unrealistic for clinical therapy. We found that Fe(2+) enhanced P. falciparum-killing potency of ALA and significantly inhibited the parasite growth. The intermediates of haem biosynthesis localized to the parasite organelles, and coproporphyrin III was the most accumulated intermediate. These novel findings may lead to development of a new anti-malarial drug using ALA and Fe(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Komatsuya
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033; Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, Nigeria; SBI Pharmaceuticals Co, LTD, Izumi Garden Tower 20F, 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo; Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B102 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; and Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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Shandilya A, Chacko S, Jayaram B, Ghosh I. A plausible mechanism for the antimalarial activity of artemisinin: A computational approach. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2513. [PMID: 23985481 PMCID: PMC3756341 DOI: 10.1038/srep02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin constitutes the frontline treatment to aid rapid clearance of parasitaemia and quick resolution of malarial symptoms. However, the widespread promiscuity about its mechanism of action is baffling. There is no consensus about the biochemical target of artemisinin but recent studies implicate haem and PfATP6 (a calcium pump). We investigated the role of iron and artemisinin on PfATP6, in search of a plausible mechanism of action, via density functional theory calculations, docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Results suggest that artemisinin gets activated by iron which in turn inhibits PfATP6 by closing the phosphorylation, nucleotide binding and actuator domains leading to loss of function of PfATP6 of the parasite and its death. The mechanism elucidated here should help in the design of novel antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Shandilya
- Department of Chemistry & Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016
| | - Sajeev Chacko
- School of Computational and Integrative Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New JNU Campus, New Delhi – 110 067, India
| | - B. Jayaram
- Department of Chemistry & Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Indira Ghosh
- School of Computational and Integrative Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New JNU Campus, New Delhi – 110 067, India
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Mahapatra RK, Behera N, Naik PK. Molecular modeling and evaluation of binding mode and affinity of artemisinin-quinine hybrid and its congeners with Fe-protoporphyrin-IX as a putative receptor. Bioinformation 2012; 8:369-80. [PMID: 22570518 PMCID: PMC3346024 DOI: 10.6026/97320630008369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent rational approach to anti-malarial drug design is characterized as "covalent biotherapy" involves linking of two molecules with individual intrinsic activity into a single agent, thus packaging dual activity into a single hybrid molecule. In view of this background and reported anti malaria synergism between artemisinin and quinine; we describe the computer-assisted docking to predict molecular interaction and binding affinity of Artemisinin-Quinine hybrid and its derivatives with the intraparasitic haeme group of human haemoglobin. Starting from a crystallographic structure of Fe-protoporphyrin-IX, binding modes, orientation of peroxide bridge (Fe-O distance), docking score and interaction energy are predicted using the docking molecular mechanics based on generalized Born/surface area (MM-GBSA) solvation model. Seven new ligands were identified with a favourable glide score (XP score) and binding free energy (ΔG) with reference to the experimental structure from a data set of thirty four hybrid derivatives. The result shows the conformational property of the drug-receptor interaction and may lead to rational design and synthesis of improved potent artemisinin based hybrid antimalarial that target haemozoin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kanta Mahapatra
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Burla, Odisha-768019, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751024, India.
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CRISTINO MARIADAGLÓRIAG, DE MENESES CARLACAROLINAF, SOEIRO MALÚCIAMARQUES, FERREIRA JOÃOELIASV, DE FIGUEIREDO ANTONIOFLORÊNCIO, BARBOSA JARDELPINTO, DE ALMEIDA RUTHCO, PINHEIRO JOSÉC, PINHEIRO ANDRÉIADELOURDESR. COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF ANTIMALARIAL 10-SUBSTITUTED DEOXOARTEMISININS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633612500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen 10-substitued deoxoartemisinin derivatives and artemisinin with activity against D-6 strains of malarial falciparum designated as Sierra Leone are studied. We use molecular electrostatic potential maps in an attempt to identify key structural features of the artemisinins that are necessary for their activities and molecular docking to investigate the interaction with the molecular receptor (heme). Chemometric modeling: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) and Stepwise Discriminant Analysis (SDA) are employed to reduce dimensionality and investigate which subset of descriptors are responsible for the classification between more active (MA) and less active (LA) artemisinins. The PCA, HCA, KNN, SIMCA and SDA studies showed that the descriptors LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy, DFeO1 (Distance between the O 1 atom from ligand and iron atom from heme), X1A (Average Connectivity Index Chi-1) and Mor15u (Molecular Representation of Structure Based on Electron Diffraction) code of signal 15, unweighted, are responsible for separating the artemisinins according to their degree of antimalarial activity. The prediction study was done with a new set of eight artemisinins by using the chemometric methods and five of them were predicted as active against D-6 strains of falciparum malaria. In order to verify if the key structural features that are necessary for their antimalarial activities were investigated for the interaction with the heme, we also carried out calculations of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and molecular docking. MEP maps and molecular docking were analyzed for more active compounds of the prediction set.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARIA DA GLÓRIA G. CRISTINO
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - CARLA CAROLINA F. DE MENESES
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - MALÚCIA MARQUES SOEIRO
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - JOÃO ELIAS V. FERREIRA
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - ANTONIO FLORÊNCIO DE FIGUEIREDO
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - JARDEL PINTO BARBOSA
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - RUTH C. O. DE ALMEIDA
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - JOSÉ C. PINHEIRO
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - ANDRÉIA DE LOURDES R. PINHEIRO
- Departamento de Química e Biologia, Centro de Educação, Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, CEP 65055-900 São Luís, MA, Brazil
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17
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Moles P, Oliva M, Sánchez-González A, Safont VS. A topological study of the decomposition of 6,7,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane induced by Fe(II): modeling the artemisinin reaction with heme. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:1163-73. [PMID: 20028005 DOI: 10.1021/jp910207z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a theoretical study on the electronic and topological aspects of the reaction of dihydrated Fe(OH)(2) with 6,7,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, as a model for the reaction of heme with artemisinin. A comparison is made with the reaction of dihydrated ferrous hydroxide with O(2), as a model for the heme interaction with oxygen. We found that dihydrated Fe(OH)(2) reacts more efficiently with the artemisinin model than with O(2). This result suggests that artemisinin instead of molecular oxygen would interact with heme, disrupting its detoxification process by avoiding the initial heme to hemin oxidation, and killing in this way the malaria parasite. The ELF and AIM theories provide support for such a conclusion, which further clarifies our understanding on how artemisinin acts as an antimalarial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Moles
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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A study of new antimalarial artemisinins through molecular modeling and multivariate analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc100126124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin and 18 derivatives with antimalarial activity against W-2 strains
of Plasmodium falciparum were studied through quantum chemistry and
multivariate analysis. The geometry optimization of the structures was
realized with the Hartree-Fock (HF) theory and 3-21G basis set. Maps of
molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and molecular docking were used to
investigate the interaction between the ligands and the receptor (heme).
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)
were employed to select the most important descriptors related to activity. A
predictive model was generated by the Partial Least Square (PLS) method
through 15 molecules and 4 used as an external validation set, which were
selected in the training set, the validation parameters of which are Q2 =
0.85 and R2 = 0.86. The model included as molecular parameters, the radial
distribution function, RDF060e, the hydration energy, HE, and the distance
between the O1 atom from the ligand and the iron atom from heme, d(Fe-O1).
Thus, the synthesis of new derivatives may follow the results of the MEP maps
and the PLS analysis.
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