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Dias GG, Paz ERS, Nunes MP, Carvalho RL, Rodrigues MO, Rodembusch FS, da Silva Júnior EN. Imidazoles and Oxazoles from Lapachones and Phenanthrene-9,10-dione: A Journey through their Synthesis, Biological Studies, and Optical Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2702-2738. [PMID: 34170622 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diverse structural frameworks are found in natural compounds and are well known for their chemical and biological properties; such compounds include the imidazoles and oxazoles. Researchers worldwide are continually working on the development of methods for synthesizing new molecules bearing these basic moiety and evaluating their properties and applications. To expand the knowledge related to azoles, this review summarizes important examples of imidazole and oxazole derivatives from 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, such as lapachones and phenanthrene-9,10-diones, not only regarding their synthesis and biological applications but also their photophysical properties and uses. The data concerning the latter are particularly scarce in the literature, which leads to underestimation of the potential applications that can be envisaged for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleiston G Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Esther R S Paz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato L Carvalho
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marieli O Rodrigues
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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The role of imidazole and benzimidazole heterocycles in Chagas disease: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112692. [PMID: 32818869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The haemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD), a potentially life-threatening disease. Little by little, remarkable progress has been achieved against CD, although it is still not enough. In the absence of effective chemotherapy, many research groups, organizations and pharmaceutical companies have focused their efforts on the search for compounds that could become viable drugs against CD. Within the wide variety of reported derivatives, this review summarizes and provides a global vision of the situation of those compounds that include broadly studied heterocycles in their structures due to their applications in medicinal chemistry: imidazole and benzimidazole rings. Therefore, the intention of this work is to present a compilation, as much as possible, of all the reported information, regarding these imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives against T. cruzi, as a starting point for future researchers in this field.
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Synthesis, antimalarial, antiproliferative, and apoptotic activities of benzimidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Melchor-Doncel de la Torre S, Vázquez C, González-Chávez Z, Yépez-Mulia L, Nieto-Meneses R, Jasso-Chávez R, Saavedra E, Hernández-Luis F. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbohydrazides derivatives as modifiers of redox homeostasis of Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28648464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Twelve novel benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro activities against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were evaluated. Two derivatives (6 and 7), which have 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety in their structures, proved to be the most active in inhibiting the parasite growth. Compound 6 showed a trypanocidal activity higher than benznidazole (IC50=5µM and 7.5µM, respectively) and less than nifurtimox (IC50=3.6µM). In addition, the ability of 6 and 7 to modify the redox homeostasis in T cruzi epimastigote was studied; cysteine and glutathione increased in parasites exposed to both compounds, whereas trypanothione only increased with 7 treatment. These results suggest that the decrease in viability of T. cruzi may be attributed to the change in cellular redox balance caused by compound 6 or 7. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 7 showed CC50 values of 160.64 and 160.66µM when tested in mouse macrophage cell line J774 and selectivity indexes (macrophage/parasite) of 32 and 20.1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Melchor-Doncel de la Torre
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Citlali Vázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, México, DF 14080, Mexico
| | - Zabdi González-Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, México, DF 14080, Mexico
| | - Lilián Yépez-Mulia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, DF 06720, Mexico
| | - Rocío Nieto-Meneses
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, DF 06720, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Jasso-Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, México, DF 14080, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, México, DF 14080, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Hernández-Luis
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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Multi-Residue Method for the Screening of Benzimidazole and Metabolite Residues in the Muscle and Liver of Sheep and Cattle Using HPLC/PDAD with DVB-NVP-SO3Na for Sample Treatment. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sztanke M, Tuzimski T, Janicka M, Sztanke K. Structure-retention behaviour of biologically active fused 1,2,4-triazinones--correlation with in silico molecular properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 68:114-26. [PMID: 25528370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chromatographic behaviour and significant lipophilicity/hydrophobicity indices (log k(w), S, φ(0)) are presented for 21 biologically active fused 1,2,4-triazinones based on the linear relationship: log k = log k(w)-Sφ established for the retention on LC-18 HPLC column, using as mobile phases mixtures of three organic modifiers with water. The effect of these mobile phase modifiers on the chromatographic behaviour of solutes was established and the organic modifier of choice is suggested. The complex correlation of slopes versus intercepts obtained for acetonitrile, contrary to linear ones obtained for methanol and dioxane are disclosed. The observed difference in retention mechanism for acetonitrile compared to methanol and dioxane is explained by intermolecular interactions encoded in lipophilicity. Linear correlations with statistically significant levels between log kw values determined from three different chromatographic systems were obtained. The relationships between log k(w) constants (derived from the linear model for methanol-water mobile phases) and predicted log P and log S values by the use of various computational methods were investigated and these were established with high correlation coefficients. The predicted log P values plotted against φ(0 (MeOH)) indices showed the best fit. Principal component analysis was used to compare various lipophilicity parameters of the solutes and their in silico biological descriptors relevant to optimal pharmacokinetics profile. The similarities and dissimilarities between all the variables and molecular structures of solutes are presented. Statistically significant correlations were found between the chromatographic lipophilicity indices and the calculated pharmacokinetic descriptors: fraction unbound in brain (f(u, brain)), oral bioavailability (%F), permeability and intestinal absorption in jejunum (Caco-2), skin permeation (log K(p)) and blood/brain concentration (log BB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Sztanke
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Janicka
- Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sztanke
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis and Analysis, Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Sztanke K, Tuzimski T, Sztanke M, Rzymowska J, Pasternak K. Synthesis, structure elucidation, determination of the lipophilicity and identification of antitumour activities in vitro of novel 3-(2-furanyl)-8-aryl-7,8-dihydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(6H)-ones with a low cytotoxicity towards normal human skin fibroblast cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5103-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Alvarez-Figueroa MJ, Pessoa-Mahana CD, Palavecino-González ME, Mella-Raipán J, Espinosa-Bustos C, Lagos-Muñoz ME. Evaluation of the membrane permeability (PAMPA and skin) of benzimidazoles with potential cannabinoid activity and their relation with the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:573-8. [PMID: 21538213 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The permeability of five benzimidazole derivates with potential cannabinoid activity was determined in two models of membranes, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) and skin, in order to study the relationship of the physicochemical properties of the molecules and characteristics of the membranes with the permeability defined by the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. It was established that the PAMPA intestinal absorption method is a good predictor for classifying these molecules as very permeable, independent of their thermodynamic solubility, if and only if these have a Log P(oct) value <3.0. In contrast, transdermal permeability is conditioned on the solubility of the molecule so that it can only serve as a model for classifying the permeability of molecules that possess high solubility (class I: high solubility, high permeability; class III: high solubility, low permeability).
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Camacho J, Barazarte A, Gamboa N, Rodrigues J, Rojas R, Vaisberg A, Gilman R, Charris J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzimidazole-5-carbohydrazide derivatives as antimalarial, cytotoxic and antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2023-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Catalán M, Álvarez-Lueje A, Bollo S. Electrochemistry of interaction of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-benzimidazole derivatives with DNA. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 79:162-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Studies based on the electrochemical response of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole at chemically modified electrodes with over-oxidized poly-1-naphthylamine. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Electrochemical study and analytical applications for new biologically active 2-nitrophenylbenzimidazole derivatives. Talanta 2009; 79:687-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jerez G, Kaufman G, Prystai M, Schenkeveld S, Donkor KK. Determination of thermodynamic pKavalues of benzimidazole and benzimidazole derivatives by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1087-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Planche AS, Scotti MT, Emerenciano VDP, López AG, Pérez EM, Uriarte E. Designing novel antitrypanosomal agents from a mixed graph-theoretical substructural approach. J Comput Chem 2009; 31:882-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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