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Bian M, Gong G, Lei P, Du H, Bai C, Wei C, Quan Z, Ma Q. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Limonin Derivatives for Anti-Inflammation Therapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13487-13499. [PMID: 34713702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, limonin derivatives were used to design new anti-inflammatory compounds with high pharmacological activity and low toxicity. A total of 23 new limonin derivatives were discovered, synthesized, and screened for their anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Of them, compound f4 was found to be the most active, with a higher efficiency compared with limonin and celecoxib. Subsequently, we studied the mechanism underlying the activity of f4 and found that it inhibited proinflammatory cytokines by blocking the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells as well as mice. In conclusion, f4 may be a promising anti-inflammatory lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bian
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Guohua Gong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China
- First Clinical Medical of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
| | - Pang Lei
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Huanhuan Du
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Chengxi Wei
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Zheshan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China
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Rogliani P, Ritondo BL, Puxeddu E, Pane G, Cazzola M, Calzetta L. Experimental Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Asthma: A Systematic Review. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:233-254. [PMID: 32982485 PMCID: PMC7495344 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s237480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are considered the cornerstone of asthma treatment. Despite the solid evidence documenting the efficacy and safety of ICSs at the level of the airways, their use can be affected by pulmonary and systemic adverse events (AEs) when administered chronically and/or at high doses. Thus, there is a pharmacological and medical need for new glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) ligands with a more favorable therapeutic index, in order to overcome the shortcomings of currently available ICSs. The therapeutic profile of GCs can be improved by enhancing genomic mechanisms mediated by transrepression, which is assumed to be responsible for several anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions, rather than transactivation, which causes most of the GC-associated AEs. It was assumed that an independent modulation of the molecular mechanisms underlying transactivation and transrepression could translate into the dissociation of beneficial effects from AEs. Therefore, current research is looking for GCs that are able to elicit prevalently transrepression with negligible transactivating activity. These compounds are known as selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRAs). In this review, experimental GR agonists currently in pre-clinical and clinical development for the treatment of asthma have been systematically assessed. Several compounds are currently under pre-clinical development, but only three novel experimental GR agonists (GW870086X, AZD5423, AZD7594) seem to have some potential therapeutic relevance and have entered clinical trials for the treatment of asthma. Since data from pre-clinical studies have not always been confirmed in clinical investigations, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed in asthmatic patients to confirm the potentially positive benefit/risk ratio of each specific SEGRA and to optimize the development strategy of these agents in respiratory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ermanno Puxeddu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Pane
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Straus DS. Design of small molecules targeting transcriptional activation by NF-κB: overview of recent advances. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:823-36. [PMID: 23496269 DOI: 10.1517/17460440903143739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor NF-κB plays a central role in immune signaling and the inflammatory response. It also activates transcription of antiapoptotic factors in tumor cells, leading to enhanced cell survival. Because of the importance of NF-κB in inflammation and cancer, there is considerable interest in development of drugs that inhibit NF-κB activation or NF-κB-directed transcription. Recent elucidation of the intracellular pathways that activate NF-κB and mechanisms for transcriptional regulation by NF-κB has identified molecular targets for rational design of such drugs. OBJECTIVE This review provides an update on NF-κB signaling and an overview of three classes of NF-κB inhibitors: i) inhibitors of IκB kinase-β (also called IKK2), an essential link in the inflammatory response; ii) agents that react with NF-κB and prevent its binding to DNA; and iii) ligands for nuclear receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor, PPARs and liver X receptor, which interfere with NF-κB-mediated transcription through a mechanism termed ligand-dependent transrepression. Recent progress in development of glucocorticoid receptor, PPAR and liver X receptor ligands with dissociated activity, which retain transrepression but have reduced transactivation potency, is also described. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB inhibitors have yielded promising results in rodent models of inflammatory disease and cancer. Some of these are currently advancing into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Straus
- University of California, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521-0121, USA +1 951 827 5612 ; +1 951 827 5504 ;
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Tetrahydroquinoline glucocorticoid receptor agonists: Discovery of a 3-hydroxyl for improving receptor selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:168-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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