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Klein J, Jung N, Bräse S. Controlled, Stepwise Syntheses of Oligomers with Modified Quinoxaline Backbones. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Klein
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Kousaxidis A, Petrou A, Lavrentaki V, Fesatidou M, Nicolaou I, Geronikaki A. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112742. [PMID: 32871344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and usually associated with several chronic pathologies. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B enzymes have identified as two novel molecular targets associated with the onset and progression of type II diabetes and related comorbidities. Although many inhibitors against these enzymes have already found in the field of diabetic mellitus, the research for discovering more effective and selective agents with optimal pharmacokinetic properties continues. In addition, dual inhibition of these target proteins has proved as a promising therapeutic approach. A variety of diverse scaffolds are presented in this review for the future design of potent and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B based on the most important structural features of both enzymes. The discovery of novel dual aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors could be effective therapeutic molecules for the treatment of insulin-resistant type II diabetes mellitus. The methods used comprise a literature survey and X-ray crystal structures derived from Protein Databank (PDB). Despite the available therapeutic options for type II diabetes mellitus, the inhibitors of aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B could be two promising approaches for the effective treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes-associated pathologies. Due to the poor pharmacokinetic profile and low in vivo efficacy of existing inhibitors of both targets, the research turned to more selective and cell-permeable agents as well as multi-target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kousaxidis
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Lavrentaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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Eleftheriou P, Geronikaki A, Petrou A. PTP1b Inhibition, A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Diabetes Type II. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:246-263. [PMID: 30714526 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190201152153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels. The main types of diabetes mellitus are Diabetes mellitus type I, Diabetes mellitus type II, gestational diabetes and Diabetes of other etiology. Diabetes type II, the Non Insulin Dependent Type (NIDDM) is the most common type, characterized by the impairment in activation of the intracellular mechanism leading to the insertion and usage of glucose after interaction of insulin with its receptor, known as insulin resistance. Although, a number of drugs have been developed for the treatment of diabetes type II, their ability to reduce blood glucose levels is limited, while several side effects are also observed. Furthermore, none of the market drugs targets the enhancement of the action of the intracellular part of insulin receptor or recuperation of the glucose transport mechanism in GLUT4 dependent cells. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1b) is the main enzyme involved in insulin receptor desensitization and has become a drug target for the treatment of Diabetes type II. Several PTP1b inhibitors have already been found, interacting with the binding site of the enzyme, surrounding the catalytic amino acid Cys215 and the neighboring area or with the allosteric site of the enzyme, placed at a distance of 20 Å from the active site, around Phe280. However, the research continues for finding more potent inhibitors with increased cell permeability and specificity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to show the attempts made in developing of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1b) inhibitors with high potency, selectivity and bioavailability and to sum up the indications for favorable structural characteristics of effective PTP1b inhibitors. METHODS The methods used include a literature survey and the use of Protein Structure Databanks such as PuBMed Structure and RCSB and the tools they provide. CONCLUSION The research for finding PTP1b inhibitors started with the design of molecules mimicking the Tyrosine substrate of the enzyme. The study revealed that an aromatic ring connected to a polar group, which preferably enables hydrogen bond formation, is the minimum requirement for small inhibitors binding to the active site surrounding Cys215. Molecules bearing two hydrogen bond donor/acceptor (Hb d/a) groups at a distance of 8.5-11.5 Å may form more stable complexes, interacting simultaneously with a secondary area A2. Longer molecules with two Hb d/a groups at a distance of 17 Å or 19 Å may enable additional interactions with secondary sites (B and C) that confer stability as well as specificity. An aromatic ring linked to polar or Hb d/a moieties is also required for allosteric inhibitors. A lower distance between Hb d/a moieties, around 7.5 Å may favor allosteric interaction. Permanent inhibition of the enzyme by oxidation of the catalytic Cys215 has also been referred. Moreover, covalent modification of Cys121, placed near but not inside the catalytic pocket has been associated with permanent inhibition of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Eleftheriou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57400, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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Matveev SV, Kwiatkowski S, Sviripa VM, Fazio RC, Watt DS, LeVine H. Tritium-labeled (E,E)-2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-carboxystyryl)benzene as a probe for β-amyloid fibrils. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5534-6. [PMID: 25452000 PMCID: PMC4254541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of Aβ in the brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients reflects an imbalance between Aβ production and clearance from their brains. Alternative cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by processing proteases generates soluble APP fragments including the neurotoxic amyloid Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides that assemble into fibrils and form plaques. Plaque-buildup occurs over an extended time-frame, and the early detection and modulation of plaque formation are areas of active research. Radiolabeled probes for the detection of amyloid plaques and fibrils in living subjects are important for noninvasive evaluation of AD diagnosis, progression, and differentiation of AD from other neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline. Tritium-labeled (E,E)-1-[(3)H]-2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-carbomethoxystyryl)benzene possesses an improved level of chemical stability relative to a previously reported radioiodinated analog for radiometric quantification of Aβ plaque and tau pathology in brain tissue and in vitro studies with synthetic Aβ and tau fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Matveev
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, United States
| | - Stefan Kwiatkowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States
| | - Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States
| | - Robert C Fazio
- ViTrax Radiochemicals, 660 S. Jefferson Street, Unit E, Placentia, CA 92870, United States
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States; Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093, United States.
| | - Harry LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, United States.
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Ma Y, Jin YY, Wang YL, Wang RL, Lu XH, Kong DX, Xu WR. The Discovery of a Novel and Selective Inhibitor of PTP1B Over TCPTP: 3D QSAR Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 83:697-709. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics); School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics); School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Ye-Liu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics); School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Run-Ling Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics); School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Xin-Hua Lu
- New Drug Research and Development Center; North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation; 388 Heping East Road Shijiazhuang Hebei 050015 China
| | - De-Xin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Wei-Ren Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research (TIPR); Tianjin 300193 China
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Li L, Wang Q, Yang Y, Wu G, Xin X, Aisa HA. Chemical components and antidiabetic activity of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation and three solvent extraction methods fromCarthamus tinctoriusL. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Isoxazol-5(4H)one Derivatives as PTP1B Inhibitors Showing an Anti-Obesity Effect. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2073-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kafle B, Bhattarai BR, Cho HJ. Barbituric Acid Derivatives as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tong YF, Zhang P, Chen F, Hao LH, Ye F, Tian JY, Wu S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-(alkoxyphenyl)-aminocarbonylbenzoic acid derivatives as PTP1B inhibitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bhattarai BR, Kafle B, Hwang JS, Ham SW, Lee KH, Park H, Han IO, Cho H. Novel thiazolidinedione derivatives with anti-obesity effects: Dual action as PTP1B inhibitors and PPAR-γ activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6758-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pecic S, McAnuff MA, Harding WW. Nantenine as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor: SAR, enzyme kinetics and molecular modeling investigations. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:46-55. [PMID: 20583856 DOI: 10.3109/14756361003671078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nantenine, as well as a number of flexible analogs, were evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in microplate spectrophotometric assays based on Ellman's method. It was found that the rigid aporphine core of nantenine is an important structural requirement for its anticholinesterase activity. Nantenine showed mixed inhibition kinetics in enzyme assays. Molecular docking experiments suggest that nantenine binds preferentially to the catalytic site of AChE but is also capable of interacting with the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of the enzyme, thus accounting for its mixed inhibition profile. The aporphine core of nantenine may thus be a useful template for the design of novel PAS or dual-site AChE inhibitors. Inhibiting the PAS is desirable for prevention of aggregation of the amyloid peptide Aβ, a major causative factor in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Pecic
- City University of New York Hunter College, Department of Chemistry, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Cui GJ, Xu XY, Lin YJ, Evans DG, Li DQ. Synthesis and UV Absorption Properties of 5,5′-Methylenedisalicylic Acid-Intercalated Zn−Al Layered Double Hydroxides. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901151c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - David G. Evans
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dian-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Thiazolidinedione derivatives as PTP1B inhibitors with antihyperglycemic and antiobesity effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6161-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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