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Bielecka M, Cichosz G, Czeczot H. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities of bovine milk proteins and their hydrolysates - A review. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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2
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Micka M, Bryja V. Can We Pharmacologically Target Dishevelled: The Key Signal Transducer in the Wnt Pathways? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:117-135. [PMID: 34382124 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) is the central signal transducer in both Wnt/β-catenin-dependent and independent signalling pathways. DVL is required to connect receptor complexes and downstream effectors. Since proximal Wnt pathway components and DVL itself are upregulated in many types of cancer, DVL represents an attractive therapeutic target in the Wnt-addicted cancers and other disorders caused by aberrant Wnt signalling. Here, we discuss progress in several approaches for the modulation of DVL function and hence inhibition of the Wnt signalling. Namely, we sum up the potential of modulation of enzymes that control post-translational modification of DVL - such as inhibition of DVL kinases or promotion of DVL ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, we discuss research directions that can take advantage of direct interaction with the protein domains essential for DVL function: the inhibition of DIX- and DEP-domain mediated polymerization and interaction of DVL PDZ domain with its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Micka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Kamdem N, Roske Y, Kovalskyy D, Platonov M, Balinskyi O, Kreuchwig A, Saupe J, Fang L, Diehl A, Schmieder P, Krause G, Rademann J, Heinemann U, Birchmeier W, Oschkinat H. Small-molecule inhibitors of the PDZ domain of Dishevelled proteins interrupt Wnt signalling. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:355-374. [PMID: 37904770 PMCID: PMC10539800 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-355-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins are important regulators of the Wnt signalling pathway, interacting through their PDZ domains with the Wnt receptor Frizzled. Blocking the Dvl PDZ-Frizzled interaction represents a potential approach for cancer treatment, which stimulated the identification of small-molecule inhibitors, among them the anti-inflammatory drug Sulindac and Ky-02327. Aiming to develop tighter binding compounds without side effects, we investigated structure-activity relationships of sulfonamides. X-ray crystallography showed high complementarity of anthranilic acid derivatives in the GLGF loop cavity and space for ligand growth towards the PDZ surface. Our best binding compound inhibits Wnt signalling in a dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by TOP-GFP assays (IC50 ∼ 50 µ M ) and Western blotting of β -catenin levels. Real-time PCR showed reduction in the expression of Wnt-specific genes. Our compound interacted with Dvl-1 PDZ (KD = 2.4 µ M ) stronger than Ky-02327 and may be developed into a lead compound interfering with the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Kamdem
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvette Roske
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Kovalskyy
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- ChemBio Ctr, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 62 Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Maxim O. Platonov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- ChemBio Ctr, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 62 Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Balinskyi
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- ChemBio Ctr, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 62 Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Annika Kreuchwig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Saupe
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liang Fang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Diehl
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Krause
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Liu Z, Wang P, Wold EA, Song Q, Zhao C, Wang C, Zhou J. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Canonical WNT Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4257-4288. [PMID: 33822624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canonical WNT signaling is an important developmental pathway that has attracted increased attention for anticancer drug discovery. From the production and secretion of WNT ligands, their binding to membrane receptors, and the β-catenin destruction complex to the expansive β-catenin transcriptional complex, multiple components have been investigated as drug targets to modulate WNT signaling. Significant progress in developing WNT inhibitors such as porcupine inhibitors, tankyrase inhibitors, β-catenin/coactivators, protein-protein interaction inhibitors, casein kinase modulators, DVL inhibitors, and dCTPP1 inhibitors has been made, with several candidates (e.g., LGK-974, PRI-724, and ETC-159) in human clinical trials. Herein we summarize recent progress in the drug discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the canonical WNT pathway, focusing on their specific target proteins, in vitro and in vivo activities, physicochemical properties, and therapeutic potential. The relevant opportunities and challenges toward maintaining the balance between efficacy and toxicity in effectively targeting this pathway are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Eric A Wold
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changyun Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Hori K, Ajioka K, Goda N, Shindo A, Takagishi M, Tenno T, Hiroaki H. Discovery of Potent Disheveled/Dvl Inhibitors Using Virtual Screening Optimized With NMR-Based Docking Performance Index. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:983. [PMID: 30233369 PMCID: PMC6134994 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors have their own cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to standard chemo-therapies. Recent reports have described that Wnt pathway plays a key role in self-renewal and tumorigenesis of CSCs. Regarding the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Dvl (mammalian Disheveled) is an attractive target of drug discovery. After analyzing the PDZ domain of human Dvl1 (Dvl1-PDZ) using NMR, we subjected it to preliminary NMR titration studies with 17 potential PDZ-binding molecules including CalBioChem-322338, a commercially available Dvl PDZ domain inhibitor. Next, we performed virtual screening (VS) using the program GOLD with nine parameter sets. Results were evaluated using the NMR-derived docking performance index (NMR-DPI). One parameter set of GOLD docking showing the best NMR-DPI was selected and used for the second VS against 5,135 compounds. The second docking trial identified more than 1,700 compounds that exhibited higher scores than CalBioChem-322338. Subsequent NMR titration experiments with five new candidate molecules (NPL-4001, 4004, 4011, 4012, and 4013), Dvl1-PDZ revealed larger chemical shift changes than those of CalBioChem-322338. Finally, these compounds showed partial proliferation inhibition activity against BT-20, a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell. These compounds are promising Wnt pathway inhibitors that are potentially useful for anti-TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Hori
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kasumi Ajioka
- Department of Biological Science, School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natsuko Goda
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asako Shindo
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Takagishi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tenno
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,BeCellBar LLC, Business Incubation Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hiroaki
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Biological Science, School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,BeCellBar LLC, Business Incubation Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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6
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Tran FH, Zheng JJ. Modulating the wnt signaling pathway with small molecules. Protein Sci 2017; 26:650-661. [PMID: 28120389 PMCID: PMC5368067 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a critical component during embryonic development and also plays an important role in regulating adult tissue homeostasis. Abnormal activation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in many cancers, while reduced activity of Wnt signaling leads to poor wound healing and structural formations. Thus, extensive efforts have been focused on developing small molecules that have potential to either inhibit or activate the pathway, hoping these molecules can offer leads for novel approaches in treating different human diseases. Many small-molecule inhibitors specifically target various elements, such as Frizzled, Disheveled, Porcupine, or Tankyrase, within the Wnt signaling pathways. These small molecules not only have the potential to be further developed as therapeutic reagents, but they may also be used as chemical probes to dissect the underlying mechanism of the Wnt signaling pathways. Therefore, their respective mechanisms and effective dosages are highly pertinent. Aiming to provide an overview of those molecules in a concise, easy-to-use manner, we summarize and organize the current research on them so that it may be helpful for utilization in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddi Huan Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCalifornia90095
| | - Jie J. Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCalifornia90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia90095
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7
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Wada Y, Phinney BS, Weber D, Lönnerdal B. In vivo digestomics of milk proteins in human milk and infant formula using a suckling rat pup model. Peptides 2017; 88:18-31. [PMID: 27979737 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is the optimal mode of infant feeding for the first several months of life, and infant formulas serve as an alternative when breast-feeding is not possible. Milk proteins have a balanced amino acid composition and some of them provide beneficial bioactivities in their intact forms. They also encrypt a variety of bioactive peptides, possibly contributing to infant health and growth. However, there is limited knowledge of how milk proteins are digested in the gastrointestinal tract and bioactive peptides are released in infants. A peptidomic analysis was conducted to identify peptides released from milk proteins in human milk and infant formula, using a suckling rat pup model. Among the major milk proteins targeted, α-lactalbumin and β-casein in human milk, and β-lactoglobulin and β-casein in infant formula were the main sources of peptides, and these peptides covered large parts of the parental proteins' sequences. Release of peptides was concentrated to specific regions, such as residues 70-92 of β-casein in human milk, residues 39-55 of β-lactoglobulin in infant formula, and residues 57-96 and 145-161 of β-CN in infant formula, where resistance to gastrointestinal digestion was suggested. In the context of bioactive peptides, release of fragments containing known bioactive peptides was confirmed, such as β-CN-derived opioid and antihypertensive peptides. It is therefore likely that these fragments are of biological significance in neonatal health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Darren Weber
- Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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8
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Solution structure of Q388A3 PDZ domain from Trypanosoma brucei. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:214-7. [PMID: 26917351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PDZ domains are abundant protein interaction modules that often recognize short amino acid motifs at the C-termini of target proteins and regulate multiple biological processes. So far, no PDZ domain in Trypanosoma brucei, an eukaryotic parasite causing sleeping sickness, has been studied. Q388A3, conserved in the related kinetoplastid parasites, is a 1634-residue protein containing a PDZ domain at its C-terminus. In this work, the solution structure of Q388A3 PDZ domain was solved by NMR spectroscopy. Q388A3 PDZ domain adopts a PDZ-like fold composed by a five-stranded β-sheet capped by two α-helices, which is similar to the PDZ domains from HtrA family proteins. Meanwhile, Q388A3 PDZ domain shows some structural features quite different from HtrA PDZ domain.
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9
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Yang Y, Shi Y. L-periaxin interacts with S-periaxin through its PDZ domain. Neurosci Lett 2015; 609:23-9. [PMID: 26467811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Periaxin was first identified as a protein in myelinating Schwann cells through a screen of novel cytoskeleton-associated proteins in peripheral nerve myelination. The periaxin gene encodes two isoforms, namely, L- and S-periaxin, which are 1461 and 147 residues in size, respectively. Several loss-of-function mutations linked to autosomal recessive Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy and demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in periaxin have been described. In this study, the colocolization of L- and S-periaxin in the cytoplasm of RSC96 cells was found by immunofluorescence assays. The interaction between these two isoforms was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence complementation experiment, and GST pull-down assay. Results also showed that the two periaxin isoforms interacted in the cytoplasm through the PDZ domain, and their interaction prevented the homodimerization of L-periaxin. S-periaxin may regulate the function of L-periaxin in Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Yawei Shi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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10
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Lee HJ, Shi DL, Zheng JJ. Conformational change of Dishevelled plays a key regulatory role in the Wnt signaling pathways. eLife 2015; 4:e08142. [PMID: 26297804 PMCID: PMC4577825 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular signaling molecule Dishevelled (Dvl) mediates canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling via its PDZ domain. Different pathways diverge at this point by a mechanism that remains unclear. Here we show that the peptide-binding pocket of the Dvl PDZ domain can be occupied by Dvl's own highly conserved C-terminus, inducing a closed conformation. In Xenopus, Wnt-regulated convergent extension (CE) is readily affected by Dvl mutants unable to form the closed conformation than by wild-type Dvl. We also demonstrate that while Dvl cooperates with other Wnt pathway elements to activate canonical Wnt signaling, the open conformation of Dvl more effectively activates Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results suggest that together with other players in the Wnt signaling pathway, the conformational change of Dvl regulates Wnt stimulated JNK activity in the non-canonical Wnt signaling. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08142.001 The development of an animal embryo depends on a number of signaling pathways that pass information from the outside of the cell to the inside. These pathways include Wnt signaling, which also regulates cell growth. The pathways must be precisely controlled; abnormal Wnt activity has been implicated in several human diseases, ranging from heart disease to cancer. Wnt signaling is complex, and actually comprises two major pathways: the canonical pathway (which depends on a protein called β-catenin) and the PCP pathway (which doesn't depend on β-catenin). Both pathways are triggered when Wnt molecules bind to receptors on the outside of the cell. These receptors pass the signal into the cell and to a protein called ‘Dishevelled’ (or ‘Dvl’ for short). This protein then passes the signal on through either the canonical or PCP pathway. Nevertheless it is not clear how the Dishevelled protein can direct the signal specifically down either one of these pathways. Lee et al. now show that the Dishevelled protein can take on at least two different shapes. When it is ‘closed’, one end of the protein is tucked inside a pocket elsewhere on the protein's surface. But when Dishevelled is ‘open’, this end of the protein moves out of this pocket. Further experiments using frogs (called Xenopus, which are commonly used in research) reveal that mutant versions of Dishevelled that were unable to take on the closed form strongly affected an aspect of the frog's development that involves the PCP pathway. Lee et al. then demonstrate that while Dishevelled cooperates with several other Wnt pathway components to activate the canonical pathway, the open form of Dishevelled activates the PCP pathway. The next challenge following on from this work is to find out how Wnt molecules binding to the receptor trigger the shape change in Dishevelled. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08142.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - De-Li Shi
- Laboratoire de biologie du développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Jie J Zheng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a serious health problem, a challenge for research, and a model for studying the molecular mechanisms involved in its development. According to its incidence, this pathology manifests itself in three forms: family, hereditary, and most commonly sporadic, apparently not associated with any hereditary or familial factor. For the types having inheritance patterns and a family predisposition, the tumours develop through defined stages ranging from adenomatous lesions to the manifestation of a malignant tumour. It has been established that environmental and hereditary factors contribute to the development of colorectal cancer, as indicated by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes, genes which suppress and repair DNA, signaling the existence of various pathways through which the appearance of tumours may occur. In the case of the suppressive and mutating tracks, these are characterised by genetic disorders related to the phenotypical changes of the morphological progression sequence in the adenoma/carcinoma. Moreover, alternate pathways through mutation in BRAF and KRAS genes are associated with the progression of polyps to cancer. This review surveys the research done at the cellular and molecular level aimed at finding specific alternative therapeutic targets for fighting colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arvelo
- Centre for Biosciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Foundation-IDEA, Caracas 1015-A, Apartado 17606, Venezuela ; Laboratory for Tissue Culture and Tumour Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Central University of Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Felipe Sojo
- Centre for Biosciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Foundation-IDEA, Caracas 1015-A, Apartado 17606, Venezuela ; Laboratory for Tissue Culture and Tumour Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Central University of Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Cotte
- Laboratory for Tissue Culture and Tumour Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Central University of Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas, Venezuela
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Montoya-Rodríguez A, Gómez-Favela MA, Reyes-Moreno C, Milán-Carrillo J, González de Mejía E. Identification of Bioactive Peptide Sequences from Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Seed Proteins and Their Potential Role in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 14:139-158. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Montoya-Rodríguez
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, FCQB-UAS; Ciudad Univ; AP 1354, CP 80000 Culiacán Sinaloa México
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 U.S.A
| | - Mario A. Gómez-Favela
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, FCQB-UAS; Ciudad Univ; AP 1354, CP 80000 Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, FCQB-UAS; Ciudad Univ; AP 1354, CP 80000 Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Jorge Milán-Carrillo
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, FCQB-UAS; Ciudad Univ; AP 1354, CP 80000 Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Elvira González de Mejía
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL 61801 U.S.A
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13
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Cavazos A, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Identification of Bioactive Peptides from Cereal Storage Proteins and Their Potential Role in Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:364-380. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Cavazos
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; 228 ERML; 1201 W. Gregory Drive; Urbana; IL 61801; U.S.A
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; 228 ERML; 1201 W. Gregory Drive; Urbana; IL 61801; U.S.A
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14
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Shan J, Zhang X, Bao J, Cassell R, Zheng JJ. Synthesis of potent dishevelled PDZ domain inhibitors guided by virtual screening and NMR studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:376-83. [PMID: 22172211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dvl) PDZ domains transduce Wnt signals from the membrane-bound receptor Frizzled to the downstream. As abnormal Wnt signaling has been implicated in tumorigenesis, the Dvl PDZ domain is a potential target for small-molecule inhibitors that block Wnt signaling at the Dvl level. We expanded our in silico search to examine the chemical space near previously developed PDZ binders and identified nine additional compounds bind to the Dvl PDZ. We then performed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of these compounds and combined these results with structural studies of the PDZ domain in complex with the compounds to design and synthesize a group of new, further optimized compounds. Two rounds of synthesis and testing yielded a total of six compounds that have greatly improved binding affinity to the Dvl PDZ domain and most potent ones competitively displace Dapper peptide from the PDZ domain. In addition to providing more potent Dvl PDZ domain inhibitors, this study demonstrates that virtual screening and structural studies can be powerful tools in guiding the chemical synthesis hit-to-lead optimization stage during the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Shan
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Lee HJ, Finkelstein D, Li X, Wu D, Shi DL, Zheng JJ. Identification of transmembrane protein 88 (TMEM88) as a dishevelled-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41549-56. [PMID: 21044957 PMCID: PMC3009882 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.193383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are involved in embryonic development and adult tissue maintenance and have been implicated in tumorigenesis. Dishevelled (Dvl/Dsh) protein is one of key components in Wnt signaling and plays essential roles in regulating these pathways through protein-protein interactions. Identifying and characterizing Dvl-binding proteins are key steps toward understanding biological functions. Given that the tripeptide VWV (Val-Trp-Val) binds to the PDZ domain of Dvl, we searched publically available databases to identify proteins containing the VWV motif at the C terminus that could be novel Dvl-binding partners. On the basis of the cellular localization and expression patterns of the candidates, we selected for further study the TMEM88 (target protein transmembrane 88), a two-transmembrane-type protein. The interaction between the PDZ domain of Dvl and the C-terminal tail of TMEM88 was confirmed by using NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, in HEK293 cells, TMEM88 attenuated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced by Wnt-1 ligand in a dose-dependent manner, and TMEM88 knockdown by RNAi increased Wnt activity. In Xenopus, TMEM88 protein is sublocalized at the cell membrane and inhibits Wnt signaling induced by Xdsh but not β-catenin. In addition, TMEM88 protein inhibits the formation of a secondary axis normally induced by Xdsh. The findings suggest that TMEM88 plays a role in regulating Wnt signaling. Indeed, analysis of microarray data revealed that the expression of the Tmem88 gene was strongly correlated with that of Wnt signaling-related genes in embryonic mouse intestines. Together, we propose that TMEM88 associates with Dvl proteins and regulates Wnt signaling in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Lee
- From the Department of Structural Biology and
| | - David Finkelstein
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- ENZO Biochem, Inc., Farmingdale, New York 11735, and
| | - Dianqing Wu
- the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - De-Li Shi
- the Laboratoire de Biologie du Development, CNRS UMR7622, 9 quai Saint-Bemard, 75005 Paris, France
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Lee HJ, Zheng JJ. PDZ domains and their binding partners: structure, specificity, and modification. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:8. [PMID: 20509869 PMCID: PMC2891790 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ domains are abundant protein interaction modules that often recognize short amino acid motifs at the C-termini of target proteins. They regulate multiple biological processes such as transport, ion channel signaling, and other signal transduction systems. This review discusses the structural characterization of PDZ domains and the use of recently emerging technologies such as proteomic arrays and peptide libraries to study the binding properties of PDZ-mediated interactions. Regulatory mechanisms responsible for PDZ-mediated interactions, such as phosphorylation in the PDZ ligands or PDZ domains, are also discussed. A better understanding of PDZ protein-protein interaction networks and regulatory mechanisms will improve our knowledge of many cellular and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St, Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Dishevelled: The hub of Wnt signaling. Cell Signal 2009; 22:717-27. [PMID: 20006983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling controls a variety of developmental and homeostatic events. As a key component of Wnt signaling, Dishevelled (Dvl/Dsh) protein relays Wnt signals from receptors to downstream effectors. In the canonical Wnt pathway that depends on the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, Dvl is recruited by the receptor Frizzled and prevents the constitutive destruction of cytosolic beta-catenin. In the non-canonical Wnt pathways such as Wnt-Frizzled/PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling, Dvl signals via the Daam1-RhoA axis and the Rac1 axis. In addition, Dvl plays important roles in Wnt-GSK3beta-microtubule signaling, Wnt-calcium signaling, Wnt-RYK signaling, Wnt-atypical PKC signaling, etc. Dvl also functions to mediate receptor endocytosis. To fulfill its multifaceted functions, it is not surprising that Dvl associates with various kinds of proteins. Its activity is also modulated dynamically by phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of Dvl functions in Wnt signal transduction and its biological functions in mouse development, and also discuss the molecular mechanisms of its actions.
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Lee HJ, Wang N, Shi DL, Zheng J. Sulindac Inhibits Canonical Wnt Signaling by Blocking the PDZ Domain of the Protein Dishevelled. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Grosdidier S, Fernández-Recio J. Docking and scoring: applications to drug discovery in the interactomics era. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 4:673-86. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903002067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Grandy D, Shan J, Zhang X, Rao S, Akunuru S, Li H, Zhang Y, Alpatov I, Zhang XA, Lang RA, Shi DL, Zheng JJ. Discovery and characterization of a small molecule inhibitor of the PDZ domain of dishevelled. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:16256-16263. [PMID: 19383605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.009647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dvl) is an essential protein in the Wnt signaling pathways; it uses its PDZ domain to transduce the Wnt signals from the membrane receptor Frizzled to downstream components. Here, we report identifying a drug-like small molecule compound through structure-based ligand screening and NMR spectroscopy and show the compound to interact at low micromolar affinity with the PDZ domain of Dvl. In a Xenopus testing system, the compound could permeate the cell membrane and block the Wnt signaling pathways. In addition, the compound inhibited Wnt signaling and reduced the levels of apoptosis in the hyaloid vessels of eye. Moreover, this compound also suppressed the growth of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. These biological effects suggest that by blocking the PDZ domain of Dvl, the compound identified in our studies effectively inhibits the Wnt signaling and thus provides a useful tool for studies dissecting the Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grandy
- From the Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Jufang Shan
- From the Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- From the Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Sujata Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Shailaja Akunuru
- Department of Ophthalmology and Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Hongyan Li
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Dévelopement, CNRS UMR 7622, University Pierre et Marie Curie, 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Ivan Alpatov
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Xin A Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Richard A Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - De-Li Shi
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Dévelopement, CNRS UMR 7622, University Pierre et Marie Curie, 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jie J Zheng
- From the Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; Department of Molecular Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
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Lee HJ, Wang NX, Shi DL, Zheng JJ. Sulindac inhibits canonical Wnt signaling by blocking the PDZ domain of the protein Dishevelled. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6448-52. [PMID: 19637179 PMCID: PMC2978498 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, Stop 311, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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