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Pan N, Zhang Y, Huang M, Liang Z, Gong Y, Chen X, Li Y, Wu C, Huang Z, Sun J. Lysosome-targeted ruthenium(II) complex encapsulated with pluronic ® F-127 induces oncosis in A549 cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:265-278. [PMID: 38189962 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes with characteristics of unique packaging in nanoparticles and remarkable cancer cell cytotoxicity have emerged as potential alternatives to platinum-based antitumor drugs. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activities of three new Ruthenium complexes that introduce 5-fluorouracil-derived ligands. Notably, encapsulation of one such metal complex, Ru3, within pluronic® F-127 micelles (Ru3-M) significantly enhanced Ru3 cytotoxicity toward A549 cells by a factor of four. To determine the mechanisms underlying Ru3-M cytotoxicity, additional in vitro experiments were conducted that revealed A549 cell treatment with lysosome-targeting Ru3-M triggered oxidative stress, induced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and drastically reduced intracellular ATP levels. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Ru3-M killed cells mainly via a non-apoptotic pathway known as oncosis, as evidenced by observed Ru3-M-induced cellular morphological changes including cytosolic flushing, cell swelling, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. In turn, these changes together caused cytoskeletal collapse and activation of porimin and calpain1 proteins with known oncotic functions that distinguished this oncotic process from other cell death processes. In summary, Ru3-M is a potential anticancer agent that kills A549 cells via a novel mechanism involving Ru(II) complex triggering of cell death via oncosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanlian Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523059, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Minying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhijun Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xide Chen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, China.
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ciling Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, China.
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2
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Hao SY, Feng SL, Wang XR, Wang Z, Chen SW, Hui L. Novel conjugates of podophyllotoxin and coumarin: Synthesis, cytotoxicities, cell cycle arrest, binding CT DNA and inhibition of Topo IIβ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2129-2135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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3
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Sang CY, Tian HZ, Chen Y, Liu JF, Chen SW, Hui L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-(thiazol-2-yl)amino-4′-O-demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxins as topoisomerase-II inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Xu XH, Guan XW, Feng SL, Ma YZ, Chen SW, Hui L. One-pot synthesis and biological evaluation of N -(aminosulfonyl)-4-podophyllotoxin carbamates as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2890-2894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Xiang R, Guan XW, Hui L, Jin YX, Chen SW. Investigation of the anti-angiogenesis effects induced by deoxypodophyllotoxin-5-FU conjugate C069 against HUVE cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:713-717. [PMID: 28129979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have found that the deoxypodophyllotoxin-5-fluorouracil conjugate, 4'-O-demethyl-4-deoxyppodophyllotoxin-4'-yl 4-((6-(2-(5-fluorouracil-yl)acetamido) hexyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate (C069), possessed superior cytotoxicities and less toxicity compared with etoposide. In this paper, the anti-angiogenic and vascular disrupting activities of C069 were examined with several in vitro and in vivo models. First, we demonstrated that C069 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, tube formation and disrupted the formed tube-like structures of HUVE cells, and inhibited angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, we found that C069 inhibited tube formation of HUVE cells by down-regulating the MMP-2, MMP-9, and phosphorylation of Akt and β-catenin. These results provided the initial evidence that C069 exerts potent anti-angiogenic and vascular disrupting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- Department of Medicinal, Second Clinical Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities & Second Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ling Hui
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Yong-Xin Jin
- Department of Medicinal, Second Clinical Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities & Second Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shi-Wu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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6
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Conjugates of podophyllotoxin and norcantharidin as dual inhibitors of topoisomeraseⅡ and protein phosphatase 2A. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:568-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Guan XW, Xu XH, Feng SL, Tang ZB, Chen SW, Hui L. Synthesis of hybrid 4-deoxypodophyllotoxin-5-fluorouracil compounds that inhibit cellular migration and induce cell cycle arrest. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1561-1566. [PMID: 26873416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of deoxypodophyllotoxin-5-fluorouracil hybrid compounds were synthesized, and their cytotoxic activity was evaluated using four human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, HCT-8, and HepG2) and the human normal cell line WI-38. The synthesized compounds exhibited greater cytotoxic activity in tumor cells and reduced toxicity in the normal cell line compared with the anticancer drug VP-16 and 5-FU. Additionally, the most potent of these compounds-4'-O-demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin-4'-yl 4-((6-(2-(5-fluorouracil-yl) acetamido) hexyl) amino)-4-oxobutanoate (compound 22)-induced cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase by regulating levels of cdc2, cyclinB1, and p-cdc2 in A549 cells. Furthermore, compound 22 may inhibited the migration of A549 cells via down-regulation of MMP-9 and up-regulation of TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shi-Liang Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shi-Wu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ling Hui
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou 730050, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drug of Gansu Province, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou 730050, China
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8
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel artesunate–podophyllotoxin conjugate as anticancer agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Liu YQ, Tian J, Qian K, Zhao XB, Morris-Natschke SL, Yang L, Nan X, Tian X, Lee KH. Recent progress on C-4-modified podophyllotoxin analogs as potent antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1-62. [PMID: 24827545 PMCID: PMC4337794 DOI: 10.1002/med.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT), as well as its congeners and derivatives, exhibits pronounced biological activities, especially antineoplastic effects. Its strong inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth led to the development of three of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world, etoposide, teniposide, and the water-soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate. Their clinical success as well as intriguing mechanism of action stimulated great interest in further modification of PPT for better antitumor activity. The C-4 position has been a major target for structural derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug resistance. Accordingly, numerous PPT derivatives have been prepared via hemisynthesis and important structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations have been identified. Several resulting compounds, including GL-331, TOP-53, and NK611, reached clinical trials. Some excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and SAR of PPT have been published. This review focuses on a second generation of new etoposide-related drugs and provides detailed coverage of the current status and recent development of C-4-modified PPT analogs as anticancer clinical trial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liu Yang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering School, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Yu J, Ha W, Chen J, Shi YP. pH-Responsive supramolecular hydrogels for codelivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11311j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Fan L, Guo Y, Zhi X, Yu X, Xu H. Stereoselective synthesis of 2α-Chloropicropodophyllotoxins and insecticidal activity of their esters against oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata walker. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3726-3733. [PMID: 24724803 DOI: 10.1021/jf405316w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As part of ongoing efforts to discover new natural-product-based insecticidal agents, in the present study, an efficient method for the stereoselective α-chlorination at the C-2 position of 2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopodophyllotoxin derivatives was first developed. Subsequently, a series of novel esters of 2α-chloro-2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopicropodophyllotoxin with modified C, D, and E rings of podophyllotoxin were smoothly obtained. Finally, all of the title compounds were tested against the pre-third-instar larvae of oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata Walker) at 1 mg/mL. It was found that besides their 2'-halogen-substituted E ring, the stereoselective α-chlorination at the C-2 position of 2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopodophyllotoxins was also related to the chlorination reagents. Especially 2α-chloro-4α-(benzoyl)oxy-2'-chloropicropodophyllotoxin (6e) and 2α-chloro-4α-(2-chlorophenylacyl)oxy-2'-bromopicropodophyllotoxin (8f) showed the most potent insecticidal activities, with final mortality rates of >60%. For 4α-(alkylacyl)oxy derivatives of 2α-chloro-2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopicropodophyllotoxin, the effect of the length of their side chain at the C-4 position of podophyllotoxin skeleton on the insecticidal activity was not very obvious. For 4α-(arylacyl)oxy derivatives of 2α-chloro-2'-chloro/bromopicropodophyllotoxin, an electronic effect of the substituents on their phenyl ring at the C-4 position of podophyllotoxin skeleton on the insecticidal activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Design and Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province People's Republic of China
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12
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Zi CT, Xu FQ, Li GT, Li Y, Ding ZT, Zhou J, Jiang ZH, Hu JM. Synthesis and anticancer activity of glucosylated podophyllotoxin derivatives linked via 4β-triazole rings. Molecules 2013; 18:13992-4012. [PMID: 24232736 PMCID: PMC6270044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 4β-triazole-linked glucose podophyllotoxin conjugates have been designed and synthesized by employing a click chemistry approach. All the compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against a panel of five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480) using MTT assays. Most of these triazole derivatives have good anticancer activity. Among them, compound 35 showed the highest potency against all five cancer cell lines tested, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.59 to 2.90 μM, which is significantly more active than the drug etoposide currently in clinical use. Structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that the acyl substitution on the glucose residue, the length of oligoethylene glycol linker, and the 4'-demethylation of podophyllotoxin scaffold can significantly affect the potency of the anticancer activity. Most notably, derivatives with a perbutyrylated glucose residue show much higher activity than their counterparts with either a free glucose or a peracetylated glucose residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; E-Mail:
| | - Feng-Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Gen-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.-H.J.); (J.-M.H.); Tel.: +1-807-766-7171 (Z.-H.J.); Fax: +1-807-346-7775 (Z.-H.J.); Tel.: +86-871-6522-3264 (J.-M.H.); Fax: +86-871-6522-3261 (J.-M.H.)
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.-H.J.); (J.-M.H.); Tel.: +1-807-766-7171 (Z.-H.J.); Fax: +1-807-346-7775 (Z.-H.J.); Tel.: +86-871-6522-3264 (J.-M.H.); Fax: +86-871-6522-3261 (J.-M.H.)
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Liu JF, Sang CY, Qin WW, Zhao J, Hui L, Ding YL, Chen SW. Synthesis and evaluation of the cell cycle arrest and CT DNA interaction properties of 4β-amino-4′-O-demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxins. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6948-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Sang CY, Liu JF, Qin WW, Zhao J, Hui L, Jin YX, Chen SW. Synthesis and evaluation of the apoptosis inducing and CT DNA interaction properties of a series of 4β-carbamoyl 4'-O-demethylepipodophyllotoxins. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:59-67. [PMID: 24140948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of carbamate derivatives of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin have been synthesized, and their cytotoxicities against several human cancer cell lines, including HeLa, A549, HCT-8, and HL-60 cells, evaluated. Some of these compounds exhibited higher levels of cytotoxicity than the anticancer drug etoposide. 4β-4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 1-(4-nitrophenyl) piperazinyl carbamate (19) was found to be the most potent compound of those synthesized in the current study, and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HeLa cells, which was accompanied by apoptosis. Furthermore, this compound activated the expression of Bax, p53 and caspase-3 in HeLa cells, leading to changes in the conformation of calf thymus DNA from the B-form to a more compact C-form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Liu X, Zhang LL, Xu XH, Hui L, Zhang JB, Chen SW. Synthesis and anticancer activity of dichloroplatinum(II) complexes of podophyllotoxin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3780-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Sun J, Zhang SJ, Li HB, Zhou W, Hu WX, Shan S. Novel 5-Fluorouracil Derivatives: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 2-Butoxy-4-Substituted 5-Fluoropyrimidines. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.5.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Lignopurines: A new family of hybrids between cyclolignans and purines. Synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:377-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of conjugates of deoxypodophyllotoxin and 5-FU as inducer of caspase-3 and -7. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Chen SW, Gao YY, Zhou NN, Liu J, Huang WT, Hui L, Jin Y, Jin YX. Carbamates of 4′-demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin: Synthesis, cytotoxicity and cell cycle effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7355-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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20
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Zhao LM, Zhang LM, Liu JJ, Wan LJ, Chen YQ, Zhang SQ, Yan ZW, Jiang JH. Synthesis and antitumor activity of conjugates of 5-Fluorouracil and emodin. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 47:255-60. [PMID: 22093761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of conjugates of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and emodin were synthesized by coupling trimethyl emodin with N(1), N(3) dialkylated 5-FU. The 5-FU moiety contained various substituents at the N(3)-position were linked to the 2-position of trimethyl emodin via a methylene linkage. Their cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines and one noncancerous cell were studied. The results revealed that some of conjugates exhibited better or comparable in vitro antitumor activity to 5-FU and emodin and low toxicity in the normal cell. The structure-activity relationship study showed N(3)-aromatic substituent was important for their cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Liu YQ, Dai W, Yang L, Li HY. Design and synthesis of novel camptothecin/5-fluorouracil conjugates as cytotoxic agents. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1817-26. [DOI: 10.1080/14786411003792181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Jin Y, Liu J, Huang WT, Chen SW, Hui L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of derivatives of 4-deoxypodophyllotoxin as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4056-61. [PMID: 21733601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to generate compounds with superior bioactivity and reduced toxicity, a series of derivatives of deoxypodophyllotoxin were synthesized by reacting 4'-demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin with substituted piperazines or their amino acid amides. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds against three human cancer cell lines was evaluated. We found that p-nitrophenylpiperazine substitution (Compound 8b) led to an increase in the potency of the compound. Compound 8b exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against A-549, HeLa and SiHa cells (IC(50) values were 0.102, 0.180 and 0.0195 μM, respectively). In addition, flow cytometric analysis showed that 8b induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase accompanied by apoptosis in A-549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Xu H, Wang Q, Guo Y. Stereoselective Synthesis of 4α-Alkyloxy-2-α/β-Bromopodophyllotoxin Derivatives as Insecticidal Agents. Chemistry 2011; 17:8299-303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kamal A, Ashwini Kumar B, Suresh P, Juvekar A, Zingde S. Synthesis of 4β-carbamoyl epipodophyllotoxins as potential antitumour agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2975-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Novel tandem biotransformation process for the biosynthesis of a novel compound, 4-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine-1)-4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:3023-34. [PMID: 21398491 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03047-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the structure of podophyllotoxin and its structure-function relationship, a novel tandem biotransformation process was developed for the directional modification of the podophyllotoxin structure to directionally synthesize a novel compound, 4-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine-1)-4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (4-TMP-DMEP). In this novel tandem biotransformation process, the starting substrate of podophyllotoxin was biotransformed into 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (product 1) with the demethylation of the methoxyl group at the 4' position by Gibberella fujikuroi SH-f13, which was screened out from Shennongjia prime forest humus soil (Hubei, China). 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin (product 1) was then biotransformed into 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxone (product 2) with the oxidation of the hydroxyl group at the 4 position by Alternaria alternata S-f6, which was screened out from the gathered Dysosma versipellis plants in the Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Finally, 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxone (product 2) and ligustrazine were linked with a transamination reaction to synthesize the target product 4-TMP-DMEP (product 3) by Alternaria alternata S-f6. Compared with podophyllotoxin (i.e., a 50% effective concentration [EC(50)] of 529 μM), the EC(50) of 4-TMP-DMEP against the tumor cell line BGC-823 (i.e., 0.11 μM) was significantly reduced by 5,199 times. Simultaneously, the EC(50) of 4-TMP-DMEP against the normal human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 (i.e., 0.40 μM) was 66 times higher than that of podophyllotoxin (i.e., 0.006 μM). Furthermore, compared with podophyllotoxin (i.e., log P = 0.34), the water solubility of 4-TMP-DMEP (i.e., log P = 0.66) was significantly enhanced by 94%. For the first time, the novel compound 4-TMP-DMEP with superior antitumor activity was directionally synthesized from podophyllotoxin by the novel tandem biotransformation process developed in this work.
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Zhang JQ, Zhang ZW, Hui L, Chen SW, Tian X. Novel semisynthetic spin-labeled derivatives of podophyllotoxin with cytotoxic and antioxidative activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:983-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Passarella D, Peretto B, Blasco y Yepes R, Cappelletti G, Cartelli D, Ronchi C, Snaith J, Fontana G, Danieli B, Borlak J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiocolchicine–podophyllotoxin conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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