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Shailesh M, Singh AK. An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of Steroidal Schiff Bases and their Cytotoxic Activity. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 2-Methoxyestradiol Derivatives as Apoptotic Inducers Through an Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010123. [PMID: 31936880 PMCID: PMC7023064 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to discover novel derivatives in the anti-tumor field, reported anti-tumor pharmacophores (uridine, uracil, and thymine) were combined with 2-methoxyestradiol, which has been characterized as having excellent biological properties in terms of anti-tumor activity. Thus, 20 hybrids were synthesized through etherification at the 17β-OH or 3-phenolic hydroxyl group of 2-methoxyestradiol, and evaluated for their biological activities against the human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell lines, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines, and the normal human liver L-O2 cell lines. As a result, all the uridine derivatives and single-access derivatives of uracil/thymine possessed good anti-proliferative activity against tested tumor cells (half maximal inhibitory concentration values from 3.89 to 19.32 µM), while only one dual-access derivative (21b) of thymine possessed good anti-proliferative activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration ≈ 25 µM). Among them, the uridine derivative 11 and the single-access derivative of uracil 12a possessed good anti-proliferative selectivity against tested tumor cells. Furthermore, basic mechanism studies revealed that hybrids 11 and 12a could induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through mitochondrial pathway. These hybrids induced morphological changes in MCF-7 cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization. These two hybrids also had the following effects: arrest of the cell cycle at the G2 phase; up regulation of Apaf-1, Bax, and cytochrome c; down regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL for both mRNA and protein; and increase of the expression for caspase-8 and -9. Finally, apoptotic effector caspase-3 was increased, which eventually caused nuclear apoptosis at least through an intrinsic pathway in the mitochondria. Additionally, hybrids 11 and 12a could specifically bind to estradiol receptor alpha in a dose-dependent manner.
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Mohareb RM, Samir EM, Halim PA. Synthesis, and anti-proliferative, Pim-1 kinase inhibitors and molecular docking of thiophenes derived from estrone. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:402-413. [PMID: 30415021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclization of steroids were reported to give biologically active products where ring D modification occured. Estrone (1) was used as a template to develop new heterocyclic compounds. Ring D modification of 1 through its reaction with cyanoacetylhydrazine and elemental sulfur gave the thiophene derivative 3. The latter compound reacted with acetophenone derivatives 4a-c to give the hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives 5a-c, respectively. In addition, compound 3 formed thiazole derivatives through its first reaction with phenylisothiocyanate to give the thiourea derivative 9 followed by the reaction of the later with α-halocarbonyl compounds. In the present work a series of novel estrone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro biological activities against c-Met kinase, and six typical cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG and SMMC-7721). The most promising compounds 5b, 5c, 11a, 13c, 15b, 15c, 15d, 17a and 17b were further investigated against the five tyrosine kinases c-Kit, Flt-3, VEGFR-2, EGFR, and PDGFR. Compounds 5b, 15d, 17a and 17b were selected to examine their Pim-1 kinase inhibition activity where compounds 15d and 17b showed high activities. Molecular docking of some of the most potent compounds was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat M Mohareb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman M Samir
- National Organization for Drug Control & Research, P.O. 29, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter A Halim
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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4
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Chen H, Liang X, Sun T, Qiao X, Zhan Z, Li Z, He C, Ya H, Yuan M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of estrone 3-O-ether derivatives containing the piperazine moiety. Steroids 2018; 134:101-109. [PMID: 29476759 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new estrone derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. All new estrone derivatives were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic efficacies against a panel of three human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, and DU145). The derivatives 6, 7, 10, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 24 and 26 showed important cytotoxic actions against individual carcinoma cell line collections. Moreover, antagonistic activities of compounds (7, 15, 16 and 21) towards a1-ARs (α1A, α1B, and α1D) were further evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter assays, and the compounds 16 and 21 exhibited better a1-ARs subtype selectivity. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) suggested that the substitute's type and position on the phenyl group leads to the interesting variations within pharmacological effects of resultant molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621# Gangwan Road, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhou Zhan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Ziyong Li
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Chaojun He
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mu Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China.
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5
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Shi X, Wang Z, Xu F, Lu X, Yao H, Wu D, Sun S, Nie R, Gao S, Li P, Xia L, Zhang Z, Wang C. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative effect of 17β-amide derivatives of 2-methoxyestradiol and their studies on pharmacokinetics. Steroids 2017; 128:6-14. [PMID: 29031938 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 17β-amide-2-methoxyestradiol compounds were synthesized with an aim to enhance the antiproliferative effect of 2-methoxyestradiol. The antiproliferative activity of 2-methoxyestradiol analogs against human cancer cells was investigated. 2-methoxy-3-benzyloxy-17β-chloroacetamide-1,3,5(10)-triene (5e) and 2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-17β-butyramide-1,3,5(10)-triene (6c) had comparable or better antitumor activity than 2-methoxyestradiol. The elimination half-life of 6c (t1/2β=240.93min) is ten times longer than 2-ME and the area under the curve was seven times (AUC0-tmin=2068.20±315.74μgmL-1min) higher than 2-ME, respectively. Whereas 5e had similar pharmacokinetic behavior with 2-ME (t1/2β=22.28min) with a t1/2β of 29.5 min. 6c had higher blood concentration, longer actuation duration and better suppression rate against S180 mouse ascites tumor than 2-methoxyestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Haifeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Pharmaceutical Department, The People's Hospital of Chizhou, 3 Baiya Road, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Pharmaceutical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, 661 Yellow River 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Shuaijun Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Ruifang Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Liwen Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
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Herman BE, Szabó J, Bacsa I, Wölfling J, Schneider G, Bálint M, Hetényi C, Mernyák E, Szécsi M. Comparative investigation of the in vitro inhibitory potencies of 13-epimeric estrones and D-secoestrones towards 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:61-69. [PMID: 27424610 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1204610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of 13-epimeric estrones, D-secooxime and D-secoalcohol estrone compounds on human placental 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 isozyme (17β-HSD1) were investigated. The transformation of estrone to 17β-estradiol was studied by an in vitro radiosubstrate incubation method. 13α-Estrone inhibited the enzyme activity effectively with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM, which indicates that enzyme affinity is similar to that of the natural estrone substrate. The 13β derivatives and the compounds bearing a 3-hydroxy group generally exerted stronger inhibition than the 13α and 3-ether counterparts. The 3-hydroxy-13β-D-secoalcohol and the 3-hydroxy-13α-D-secooxime displayed an outstanding cofactor dependence, i.e. more efficient inhibition in the presence of NADH than NADPH. The 3-hydroxy-13β-D-secooxime has an IC50 value of 0.070 μM and is one of the most effective 17β-HSD1 inhibitors reported to date in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Szabó
- b Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bacsa
- b Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- b Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- b Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Mónika Bálint
- c Department of Biochemistry , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary , and
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- d MTA-ELTE Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- b Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Mihály Szécsi
- a 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
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Zefirov NA, Zefirova ON. 2-Methoxyestradiol and its analogs. Synthesis and structure—antiproliferative activity relationship. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015090018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Mernyák E, Fiser G, Szabó J, Bodnár B, Schneider G, Kovács I, Ocsovszki I, Zupkó I, Wölfling J. Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative evaluation of d-secooxime derivatives of 13β- and 13α-estrone. Steroids 2014; 89:47-55. [PMID: 25150017 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
d-Secooximes were synthesized from the d-secoaldehydes in the 13β- and 13α-estrone series. The oximes were modified at three sites in the molecule: the oxime function was transformed into an oxime ether, oxime ester or nitrile group, the propenyl side-chain was saturated and the 3-benzyl ether was removed in order to obtain a phenolic hydroxy function. Triazoles were formed via Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) from 3-(prop-2-yniloxy)-d-secooximes and benzyl azides. All the products were evaluated in vitro by means of MTT assays for antiproliferative activity against a panel of human adherent cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, A2780 and A431). Some of them exhibited activities with submicromolar IC50 values, better than that of the reference agent cisplatin. The structural modifications led to significant differences in the cytostatic properties. Flow cytometry indicated that one of the most potent agents resulted in a cell cycle blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Fiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Johanna Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Bodnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ida Kovács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Jeyachandran V, Vivek Kumar S, Ranjith Kumar R. Synthesis of novel 16-spiro steroids: 7-(Aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazolo estrone hybrid heterocycles. Steroids 2014; 82:29-37. [PMID: 24462648 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from the reaction of isatins or acenaphthylene-1,2-dione and 1,3-thiazolane-4-carboxylic acid to various exocyclic dipolarophiles synthesized from estrone afforded a library of novel C-16 spiro oxindole or acenaphthylene-1-one - 7-(aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazole - estrone hybrid heterocycles. These reactions occur regio- and stereo-selectively affording a single isomer of the spiro estrones in excellent yields with the formation of two C-C and one C-N bonds along with the generation of four new contiguous stereo-centers in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerappan Jeyachandran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kopel LC, Ahmed MS, Halaweish FT. Synthesis of novel estrone analogs by incorporation of thiophenols via conjugate addition to an enone side chain. Steroids 2013; 78:1119-25. [PMID: 23899492 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized estrogen analogs have received interest due to their unique and differing biological activity compared to their parent compounds. The synthesis of a new class of 3-methoxyestrone analogs functionalized at the C17 position possessing both alkyl and aryl substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones is described, along with their thiophenol conjugate addition products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Kopel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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11
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Mernyák E, Huber J, Szabó J, Schneider G, Hetényi A, Márk L, Maász G, Berényi Á, Kovács I, Minorics R, Zupkó I, Wölfling J. Cycloaddition of steroidal cyclic nitrones to C=N dipolarophiles: stereoselective synthesis and antiproliferative effects of oxadiazolidinones in the estrone series. Steroids 2013; 78:1021-8. [PMID: 23831783 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nitrones of estrone 3-methyl or 3-benzyl ether were reacted with phenyl isocyanate or nonsubstituted phenyl isocyanates as reactive CN dipolarophiles, yielding condensed homosteroidal oxadiazolidinones. These dipolar cycloadditions were carried out under conventional heating or microwave irradiation. The chemo- and stereoselectivities of the reactions and the effects of the aromatic substituents on the reaction rates and yields were investigated and compared. The structures of the new products were determined by NMR (one- and two-dimensional) and MALDI-MS techniques, with C70 fullerenes as matrix in the latter case. The antiproliferative properties of the synthetized compounds were determined on a panel of human adherent cell lines (HeLa, MCF7, A2780 and A431) by means of MTT assays. Some of them exhibited activities comparable to that of the reference agent cisplatin. Flow cytometry indicated that one of the most potent agents (11a) resulted in a cell cycle blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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12
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Frank E, Schneider G. Synthesis of sex hormone-derived modified steroids possessing antiproliferative activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:301-15. [PMID: 23499871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During recent years intensive research has been focused on the synthesis of structurally modified steroid hormones in order to obtain compounds with beneficial biological activity such as cell-growth inhibition. Experimental results have revealed that some steroidal derivatives possess direct cytostatic effect on cancer cells in a hormone receptor-independent manner. After a brief account on the most important biological function and characteristics of the naturally occurring sex hormones in physiological and pathological conditions, structural modifications of estrane and androstane scaffolds are discussed in detail. The review covers literature publications (from 2002 to 2012) relating to the synthesis and antiproliferative activity of semisynthetic sex hormone-derived molecules containing simple or heterocyclic substituents. The compounds reviewed are divided into three main categories according to their sterane framework and the nature of substitution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Panchapakesan G, Dhayalan V, Dhatchana Moorthy N, Saranya N, Mohanakrishnan AK. Synthesis of 2-substituted 17β-hydroxy/17-methylene estratrienes and their in vitro cytotoxicity in human cancer cell cultures. Steroids 2011; 76:1491-504. [PMID: 21872616 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of various types of 2-(alkylaminomethyl) and 2-(aroyl) 17β-estradiol analogs are reported. The synthesis of similar types of 2-substituted 17-methylene estratriene analogs was also achieved. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives of 17β-estradiol and 17-methylene estratriene were also realized. All these 2-substituted estratrienes were tested for their antiproliferative activity by using four different cell lines from colon, lung, glioma and breast cancers. Among the various 2-substituted estratrienes, the compounds 10d, 14a-h and 17e were found to have in vitro antiproliferative activity comparable to that of parent analogs 1-4. Comparison of the SAR pattern of these 2-susbtituted estratriene derivatives confirmed that relatively, 17-methylene estratrienes are more active than that of 17β-estradiol analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Panchapakesan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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14
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A-CD Estrogens. I. Substituent Effects, Hormone Potency, and Receptor Subtype Selectivity in a New Family of Flexible Estrogenic Compounds. J Med Chem 2010; 54:433-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100513m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Verenich S, Gerk PM. Therapeutic promises of 2-methoxyestradiol and its drug disposition challenges. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:2030-9. [PMID: 20831190 DOI: 10.1021/mp100190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2MeO-E2) is an endogenous metabolite of estrogen which was initially considered to be inactive. During the last few decades it has been shown that 2MeO-E2 is a promising anticancer drug. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that it has several anticancer activities, and potential to alleviate hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and other disorders. However, due to its low solubility and extensive glucuronidation, to achieve effective concentrations large doses of 2MeO-E2 would be required. Clinical studies reflected very high inter- and intrapatient variability and oral bioavailability of 1 to 2%. Thus, this review paper highlights the origin of this compound, its therapeutic promises, and possible mechanisms of action. It also discusses the pharmacokinetic properties of 2MeO-E2 as well as current developments to overcome low drug solubility and its extensive first pass metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Verenich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0581, USA
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16
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Suwandi LS, Agoston GE, Shah JH, Hanson AD, Zhan XH, Lavallee TM, Treston AM. Synthesis and antitumor activities of 3-modified 2-methoxyestradiol analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6459-62. [PMID: 19782568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of 2-methoxyestradiol analogs with modifications at the 3-position are described. The analogs were assessed for their antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and estrogenic activities. Several lead substituents were identified with similar or improved antitumor activities and reduced metabolic liability compared to 2-methoxyestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita S Suwandi
- EntreMed, Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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17
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LaVallee TM, Burke PA, Swartz GM, Hamel E, Agoston GE, Shah J, Suwandi L, Hanson AD, Fogler WE, Sidor CF, Treston AM. Significant antitumor activity in vivo following treatment with the microtubule agent ENMD-1198. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1472-82. [PMID: 18566218 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies using the microtubule-targeting agent 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2; Panzem) in cancer patients show that treatment is associated with clinical benefit, including prolonged stable disease, complete and partial responses, and an excellent safety profile. Studies have shown that 2ME2 is metabolized by conjugation at positions 3 and 17 and oxidation at position 17. To define structure-activity relationships for these positions of 2ME2 and to generate metabolically stable analogues with improved anti-tubulin properties, a series of analogues was generated and three lead analogues were selected, ENMD-1198, ENMD-1200, and ENMD-1237. These molecules showed improved metabolic stability with >65% remaining after 2-h incubation with hepatocytes. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that oral administration of the compounds resulted in increased plasma levels compared with 2ME2. All three analogues bind the colchicine binding site of tubulin, induce G(2)-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and reduce hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha levels. ENMD-1198 and ENMD-1200 showed improved in vitro antiproliferative activities. Significant reductions in tumor volumes compared with vehicle-treated mice were observed in an orthotopic breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) xenograft model following daily oral treatment with all compounds (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Significantly improved median survival time was observed with ENMD-1198 and ENMD-1237 (200 mg/kg/d) in a Lewis lung carcinoma metastatic model (P < 0.05). In both tumor models, the high-dose group of ENMD-1198 showed antitumor activity equivalent to that of cyclophosphamide. ENMD-1198 was selected as the lead molecule in this analogue series and is currently in a phase I clinical trial in patients with refractory solid tumors.
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