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Huang Y, Liu Y, Li C, Li Z, Chen H, Zhang L, Liang Y, Wu Z. Evaluation of (2S,4S)-4-[ 18F]FEBGln as a Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Tumor Imaging. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5195-5205. [PMID: 37647563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism-related tracers have the potential to visualize numerous tumors because glutamine is the second largest source of energy for tumors. (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln was designed by introducing [18F]fluoroethoxy benzyl on carbon-4 of glutamine. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and tumor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging characteristics of (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln in detail. The biodistribution results of nude mice bearing MCF-7 tumor showed that (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln had high initial tumor uptake, and a fast clearance rate, resulting in a high tumor-to-muscle ratio at 30 min postinjection. There was no obvious defluorination in vivo. The micro-PET-CT imaging results of (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln orthotopic MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice were consistent with the biological distribution results. Compared with (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln showed poor tumor retention, but its clearance in normal tissues was also fast, so it had better PET image contrast than the former. Unlike poor retention in MCF-7-bearing nude mice, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln has good retention in NCI-h1975 and 22Rv1 tumor models. Since (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln has low uptake in normal lungs and high uptake in the bladder, it is expected to be used in the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer but cannot accurately determine prostate cancer. Consistent with the advantages of radiolabeled amino acids in the application of brain tumors, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln accurately diagnoses U87MG glioma with higher contrast than [18F]FET and [18F]FDG, and there is a correlation between (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln uptake and tumor growth cycle. Further kinetic model analysis showed that (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln was similar to (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln, conforming to the one-compartment model and the Logan graphical model, and was expected to assess the size of the glutamine pool of the tumor. Therefore, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln is expected to provide a strong imaging basis for the diagnosis, formulation of personalized plans, and efficacy evaluation of glioma, lung cancer, and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengze Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Kumar A, Joshi RK, Thakur R, Kumar D, Nagaraj C, Kumar P. Development of an economical method to synthesize O-(2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ( 18 FFET). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:345-352. [PMID: 37408511 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using O-(2-[18 F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18 F]FET) has shown great success in differentiating tumor recurrence from necrosis. In this study, we are reporting the experience of synthesis [18 F]FET by varying the concentration of TET precursor in different chemistry modules. TET precursor (2-10 mg) was used for the synthesis of [18 F]FET in an automated (MX Tracerlab) module (n = 6) and semiautomated (FX2N Tracerlab) module (n = 19). The quality control was performed for all the preparations. For human imaging, 220 ± 50 MBq of [18 F]FET was briefly injected into the patient to acquire PET-MR images. The radiochemical purity was greater than 95% for the final product in both modules. The decay corrected average yield was 10.7 ± 4.7% (10 mg, n = 3) and 8.2 ± 2.6% (2 mg, n = 3) with automated chemistry module and 36.7 ± 7.3% (8-10 mg, n = 12), 26.4 ± 3.1% (5-7 mg, n = 4), and 35.1 ± 3.8% (2-4 mg, n = 3) with semiautomated chemistry modules. The PET imaging showed uptake at the lesion site (SUVmax = 7.5 ± 2.6) and concordance with the MR image. The [18 F]FET was produced with a higher radiochemical yield with 2.0 mg of the precursor with substantial yield and is suitable for brain tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI&IR), National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raman Kumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI&IR), National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Riptee Thakur
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI&IR), National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI&IR), National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI&IR), National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI&IR), National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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3
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The new era of bio-molecular imaging with O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) in neurosurgery of gliomas. Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Determination of Total Radiochemical Purity of [18F]FDG and [18F]FET by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Avoiding TLC Method. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe goal of this work was to present two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that could be applied for the determination of the total radioactive purity of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) and O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET). The separation of [18F]fluoride ions, [18F]FET and [18F]FET intermediate was accomplished on LiChrosper RP-18, 250 × 4 mm, 5 µm (Merck) analytical column. For mobile phase 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer at pH7 (A) and acetonitrile (B) was used: 0–2 min: 15% B; 2–12 min: 85% B; 12–15 min: 15% B, respectively. Analysis of [18F]FDG was performed using LiChrosper 100 NH2, 250 × 4.5 mm, 5 µm (Merck) analytical column. The initial mobile phase composition was 10 mM KH2PO4 buffer (pH7) and acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) and the acetonitrile ratio was decreased to 15% at 2 min after the sample injection and held for 5 min. Complete elution of [18F]fluoride ions from stationary phases could be achieved by adding 10 mg/mL K[19F]F to radioactive samples in a ratio 1:1 during the sample preparation. Recovery of [18F]fluoride ions ranged from 99.5 to 100.6%. The validation of the developed methods showed good results for linearity (r2 = 0.9981–0.9996), specificity (RS = 3.7–10.2), repeatability (%Area RSD% = 1.2–4.3%) and limit of quantitation (LOQ = 1.6–4.5 kBq). During the cross-validation similar radiochemical purity values were obtained by the novel HPLC methods and thin layer chromatography performed according to the recommendations of the Ph. Eur. monographs.
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Klenner MA, Pascali G, Fraser BH, Darwish TA. Kinetic isotope effects and synthetic strategies for deuterated carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labelled PET radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:112-147. [PMID: 33892374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The deuterium labelling of pharmaceuticals is a useful strategy for altering pharmacokinetic properties, particularly for improving metabolic resistance. The pharmacological effects of such metabolites are often assumed to be negligible during standard drug discovery and are factored in later at the clinical phases of development, where the risks and benefits of the treatment and side-effects can be wholly assessed. This paradigm does not translate to the discovery of radiopharmaceuticals, however, as the confounding effects of radiometabolites can inevitably show in preliminary positron emission tomography (PET) scans and thus complicate interpretation. Consequently, the formation of radiometabolites is crucial to take into consideration, compared to non-radioactive metabolites, and the application of deuterium labelling is a particularly attractive approach to minimise radiometabolite formation. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the deuterated carbon-11 and fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals employed in PET imaging experiments. Specifically, we explore six categories of deuterated radiopharmaceuticals used to investigate the activities of monoamine oxygenase (MAO), choline, translocator protein (TSPO), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), neurotransmission and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; from which we derive four prominent deuteration strategies giving rise to a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for reducing the rate of metabolism. Synthetic approaches for over thirty of these deuterated radiopharmaceuticals are discussed from the perspective of deuterium and radioisotope incorporation, alongside an evaluation of the deuterium labelling and radiolabelling efficacies across these independent studies. Clinical and manufacturing implications are also discussed to provide a more comprehensive overview of how deuterated radiopharmaceuticals may be introduced to routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Klenner
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Fraser
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
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Stegmayr C, Stoffels G, Filß C, Heinzel A, Lohmann P, Willuweit A, Ermert J, Coenen HH, Mottaghy FM, Galldiks N, Langen KJ. Current trends in the use of O-(2-[ 18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([ 18F]FET) in neurooncology. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:78-84. [PMID: 32113820 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic potential of PET using the amino acid analogue O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) in brain tumor diagnostics has been proven in many studies during the last two decades and is still the subject of multiple studies every year. In addition to standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]FET provides important diagnostic data concerning brain tumor delineation, therapy planning, treatment monitoring, and improved differentiation between treatment-related changes and tumor recurrence. The pharmacokinetics, uptake mechanisms and metabolism have been well described in various preclinical studies. The accumulation of [18F]FET in most benign lesions and healthy brain tissue has been shown to be low, thus providing a high contrast between tumor tissue and benign tissue alterations. Based on logistic advantages of F-18 labelling and convincing clinical results, [18F]FET has widely replaced short lived amino acid tracers such as L-[11C]methyl-methionine ([11C]MET) in many centers across Western Europe. This review summarizes the basic knowledge on [18F]FET and its contribution to the care of patients with brain tumors. In particular, recent studies about specificity, possible pitfalls, and the utility of [18F]FET PET in tumor grading and prognostication regarding the revised WHO classification of brain tumors are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Stegmayr
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stoffels
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christian Filß
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany; Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany; Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - Section JARA-Brain, Germany
| | - Philipp Lohmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Heinz H Coenen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - Section JARA-Brain, Germany; Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert Galldiks
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-4, INM-5), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany; Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - Section JARA-Brain, Germany; Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Iwata R, Terasaki K, Ishikawa Y, Harada R, Furumoto S, Yanai K, Pascali C. A concentration-based microscale method for 18F-nucleophilic substitutions and its testing on the one-pot radiosynthesis of [ 18F]FET and [ 18F]fallypride. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109361. [PMID: 32877862 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
When applied to a radiosynthesis, a microscale approach can help to save precursor and improve yields. Thus, a 5-10 μL microscale method based on a concentration procedure was developed and applied to the radiosynthesis of [18F]FET and [18F]fallypride. In spite of using an amount of precursor ca. 100 times smaller, radiochemical yields were comparable or even higher than those reported in literature. Because of the very low reaction volumes, the possible effects of concentrated dose of activity and carrier fluoride were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Ishikawa
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Harada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Claudio Pascali
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, V. Venezian, 1, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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A fully automated azeotropic drying free synthesis of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)- -tyrosine ([18F]FET) using tetrabutylammonium tosylate. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 152:135-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Wang M, Glick-Wilson BE, Zheng QH. Facile fully automated radiosynthesis and quality control of O-(2-[ 18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ([ 18F]FET) for human brain tumor imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 154:108852. [PMID: 31442794 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
O-(2-[18F]Fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET) has become one of the most successful amino acid tracers for human brain tumor imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Facile fully automated radiosynthesis and quality control (QC) of [18F]FET using our home-built automated multi-purpose 18F-radiosynthesis module are described. [18F]FET was produced in 75-80 min overall synthesis time with 20-25% radiochemical yield decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB), based on H[18F]F. The radiochemical and enantiomeric purities were >99%, and the molar activity (Am) was 189-411 GBq/μmol at EOB. The [18F]FET dose meets all QC criteria for clinical use, and is suitable for clinical PET study of brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Room 202, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Barbara E Glick-Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Room 202, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Qi-Huang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Room 202, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Bogni A, Laera L, Cucchi C, Iwata R, Seregni E, Pascali C. An improved automated one-pot synthesis of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) based on a purification by cartridges. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 72-73:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Koopman T, Verburg N, Schuit RC, Pouwels PJW, Wesseling P, Windhorst AD, Hoekstra OS, de Witt Hamer PC, Lammertsma AA, Boellaard R, Yaqub M. Quantification of O-(2-[ 18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine kinetics in glioma. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:72. [PMID: 30066053 PMCID: PMC6068050 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified the optimal tracer kinetic model for quantification of dynamic O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) positron emission tomography (PET) studies in seven patients with diffuse glioma (four glioblastoma, three lower grade glioma). The performance of more simplified approaches was evaluated by comparison with the optimal compartment model. Additionally, the relationship with cerebral blood flow-determined by [15O]H2O PET-was investigated. RESULTS The optimal tracer kinetic model was the reversible two-tissue compartment model. Agreement analysis of binding potential estimates derived from reference tissue input models with the distribution volume ratio (DVR)-1 derived from the plasma input model showed no significant average difference and limits of agreement of - 0.39 and 0.37. Given the range of DVR-1 (- 0.25 to 1.5), these limits are wide. For the simplified methods, the 60-90 min tumour-to-blood ratio to parent plasma concentration yielded the highest correlation with volume of distribution VT as calculated by the plasma input model (r = 0.97). The 60-90 min standardized uptake value (SUV) showed better correlation with VT (r = 0.77) than SUV based on earlier intervals. The 60-90 min SUV ratio to contralateral healthy brain tissue showed moderate agreement with DVR with no significant average difference and limits of agreement of - 0.24 and 0.30. A significant but low correlation was found between VT and CBF in the tumour regions (r = 0.61, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Uptake of [18F]FET was best modelled by a reversible two-tissue compartment model. Reference tissue input models yielded estimates of binding potential which did not correspond well with plasma input-derived DVR-1. In comparison, SUV ratio to contralateral healthy brain tissue showed slightly better performance, if measured at the 60-90 min interval. SUV showed only moderate correlation with VT. VT shows correlation with CBF in tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koopman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Verburg
- Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C. Schuit
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J. W. Pouwels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto S. Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C. de Witt Hamer
- Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pichler V, Berroterán-Infante N, Philippe C, Vraka C, Klebermass EM, Balber T, Pfaff S, Nics L, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W. An Overview of PET Radiochemistry, Part 1: The Covalent Labels 18F, 11C, and 13N. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1350-1354. [PMID: 30042159 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.190793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This continuing educational article introduces the radiochemistry of PET tracers that exhibit a covalently bound radiolabel with the nuclides 11C, 13N, and 18F. The overall process of PET tracer production is explained, starting from the production of the radionuclide in a cyclotron; followed by the automatization process of the radiosynthesis, including the necessary steps for the respective synthesis; and finalized with the requirements for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pichler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neydher Berroterán-Infante
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Klebermass
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Balber
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Pfaff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria .,CBmed - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
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Radiosynthesis and modified quality control of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) for brain tumor imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 133:38-44. [PMID: 29275040 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Lakshminarayanan N, Kumar A, Roy S, Pawar Y, Chaudhari P, Rajan M. Improved method for preparing Ni(II) complex of (S)-tyrosine Schiff base and its use in the automated synthesis of O-(2′-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)- l -tyrosine using solid-phase extraction purification. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 127:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fully automated synthesis of O-(2′-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET) using solid phase extraction (SPE) purification with neutral alumina. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bouhlel A, Zhou D, Li A, Yuan L, Rich KM, McConathy J. Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and Biological Evaluation of (R)- and (S)-2-Amino-5-[(18)F]fluoro-2-methylpentanoic Acid ((R)-, (S)-[(18)F]FAMPe) as Potential Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Brain Tumors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3817-29. [PMID: 25843369 DOI: 10.1021/jm502023y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel (18)F-labeled α,α-disubstituted amino acid-based tracer, 2-amino-5-[(18)F]fluoro-2-methylpentanoic acid ([(18)F]FAMPe), has been developed for brain tumor imaging with a longer alkyl side chain than previously reported compounds to increase brain availability via system L amino acid transport. Both enantiomers of [(18)F]FAMPe were obtained in good radiochemical yield (24-52% n = 8) and high radiochemical purity (>99%). In vitro uptake assays in mouse DBT gliomas cells revealed that (S)-[(18)F]FAMPe enters cells partly via sodium-independent system L transporters and also via other nonsystem A transport systems including transporters that recognize glutamine. Biodistribution and small animal PET/CT studies in the mouse DBT model of glioblastoma showed that both (R)- and (S)-[(18)F]FAMPe have good tumor imaging properties with the (S)-enantiomer providing higher tumor uptake and tumor to brain ratios. Comparison of the SUVs showed that (S)-[(18)F]FAMPe had higher tumor to brain ratios compared to (S)-[(18)F]FET, a well-established system L substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Bouhlel
- †Department of Radiology, and ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Dong Zhou
- †Department of Radiology, and ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Aixiao Li
- †Department of Radiology, and ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Liya Yuan
- †Department of Radiology, and ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Keith M Rich
- †Department of Radiology, and ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jonathan McConathy
- †Department of Radiology, and ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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A facile direct nucleophilic synthesis of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET) without HPLC purification. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Radiosynthesis of 10-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)-20(S)-camptothecin as a potential positron emission tomography tracer for the imaging of topoisomerase I in cancers. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Ikotun OF, Marquez BV, Huang C, Masuko K, Daiji M, Masuko T, McConathy J, Lapi SE. Imaging the L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1) with Zr-89 immunoPET. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77476. [PMID: 24143237 PMCID: PMC3797081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) is upregulated in a wide range of human cancers, positively correlated with the biological aggressiveness of tumors, and a promising target for both imaging and therapy. Radiolabeled amino acids such as O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) that are transport substrates for system L amino acid transporters including LAT1 have met limited success for oncologic imaging outside of the brain, and thus new strategies are needed for imaging LAT1 in systemic cancers. Here, we describe the development and biological evaluation of a novel zirconium-89 labeled antibody, [89Zr]DFO-Ab2, targeting the extracellular domain of LAT1 in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. This tracer demonstrated specificity for LAT1 in vitro and in vivo with excellent tumor imaging properties in mice with xenograft tumors. PET imaging studies showed high tumor uptake, with optimal tumor-to-non target contrast achieved at 7 days post administration. Biodistribution studies demonstrated tumor uptake of 10.5 ± 1.8 percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 7 days with a tumor to muscle ratio of 13 to 1. In contrast, the peak tumor uptake of the radiolabeled amino acid [18F]FET was 4.4 ± 0.5 %ID/g at 30 min after injection with a tumor to muscle ratio of 1.4 to 1. Blocking studies with unlabeled anti-LAT1 antibody demonstrated a 55% reduction of [89Zr]DFO-Ab2 accumulation in the tumor at 7 days. These results are the first report of direct PET imaging of LAT1 and demonstrate the potential of immunoPET agents for imaging specific amino acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatayo F. Ikotun
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bernadette V. Marquez
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chaofeng Huang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyamoto Daiji
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jonathan McConathy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rensch C, Jackson A, Lindner S, Salvamoser R, Samper V, Riese S, Bartenstein P, Wängler C, Wängler B. Microfluidics: a groundbreaking technology for PET tracer production? Molecules 2013; 18:7930-56. [PMID: 23884128 PMCID: PMC6270045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of microfluidics to Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracer synthesis has attracted increasing interest within the last decade. The technical advantages of microfluidics, in particular the high surface to volume ratio and resulting fast thermal heating and cooling rates of reagents can lead to reduced reaction times, increased synthesis yields and reduced by-products. In addition automated reaction optimization, reduced consumption of expensive reagents and a path towards a reduced system footprint have been successfully demonstrated. The processing of radioactivity levels required for routine production, use of microfluidic-produced PET tracer doses in preclinical and clinical imaging as well as feasibility studies on autoradiolytic decomposition have all given promising results. However, the number of microfluidic synthesizers utilized for commercial routine production of PET tracers is very limited. This study reviews the state of the art in microfluidic PET tracer synthesis, highlighting critical design aspects, strengths, weaknesses and presenting several characteristics of the diverse PET market space which are thought to have a significant impact on research, development and engineering of microfluidic devices in this field. Furthermore, the topics of batch- and single-dose production, cyclotron to quality control integration as well as centralized versus de-centralized market distribution models are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rensch
- GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, Garching bei Munich 85748, Germany; E-Mails: (R.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Alexander Jackson
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, The Grove Centre, White Lion Rd., Amersham HP7 9LL, UK; E-Mails: (A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Simon Lindner
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany; E-Mails: (S.L.); (P.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Ruben Salvamoser
- GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, Garching bei Munich 85748, Germany; E-Mails: (R.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Victor Samper
- GE Global Research, Freisinger Landstrasse 50, Garching bei Munich 85748, Germany; E-Mails: (R.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Stefan Riese
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, The Grove Centre, White Lion Rd., Amersham HP7 9LL, UK; E-Mails: (A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany; E-Mails: (S.L.); (P.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Carmen Wängler
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany; E-Mails: (S.L.); (P.B.); (C.W.)
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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Sai KKS, Huang C, Yuan L, Zhou D, Piwnica-Worms D, Garbow JR, Engelbach JA, Mach RH, Rich KM, McConathy J. 18F-AFETP, 18F-FET, and 18F-FDG imaging of mouse DBT gliomas. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1120-6. [PMID: 23650628 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The goal of this study was to evaluate the (18)F-labeled nonnatural amino acid (S)-2-amino-3-[1-(2-(18)F-fluoroethyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4-yl]propanoic acid ((18)F-AFETP) as a PET imaging agent for brain tumors and to compare its effectiveness with the more-established tracers O-(2-(18)F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ((18)F-FET) and (18)F-FDG in a murine model of glioblastoma. The tracer (18)F-AFETP is a structural analog of histidine and is a lead compound for imaging cationic amino acid transport, a relatively unexplored target for oncologic imaging. METHODS (18)F-AFETP was prepared using the click reaction. BALB/c mice with intracranially implanted delayed brain tumor (DBT) gliomas (n = 4) underwent biodistribution and dynamic small-animal PET imaging for 60 min after intravenous injection of (18)F-AFETP. Tumor and brain uptake of (18)F-AFETP were compared with those of (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FET through small-animal PET analyses. RESULTS (18)F-AFETP demonstrated focally increased uptake in tumors with good visualization. Peak tumor uptake occurred within 10 min of injection, with stable or gradual decrease over time. All 3 tracers demonstrated relatively high uptake in the DBTs throughout the study. At late time points (47.5-57.5 min after injection), the average standardized uptake value with (18)F-FDG (1.9 ± 0.1) was significantly greater than with (18)F-FET (1.1 ± 0.1) and (18)F-AFETP (0.7 ± 0.2). The uptake also differed substantially in normal brain, with significant differences in the standardized uptake values at late times among (18)F-FDG (1.5 ± 0.2), (18)F-FET (0.5 ± 0.05), and (18)F-AFETP (0.1 ± 0.04). The resulting average tumor-to-brain ratio at the late time points was significantly higher for (18)F-AFETP (7.5 ± 0.1) than for (18)F-FDG (1.3 ± 0.1) and (18)F-FET (2.0 ± 0.3). CONCLUSION (18)F-AFETP is a promising brain tumor imaging agent, providing rapid and persistent tumor visualization, with good tumor-to-normal-brain ratios in the DBT glioma model. High tumor-to-brain, tumor-to-muscle, and tumor-to-blood ratios were observed at 30 and 60 min after injection, with higher tumor-to-brain ratios than obtained with (18)F-FET or (18)F-FDG. These results support further development and evaluation of (18)F-AFETP and its derivatives for tumor imaging.
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Ermert J, Coenen HH. Methods for11C- and18F-labelling of amino acids and derivatives for positron emission tomography imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:225-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425; Jülich; Germany
| | - Heinz H. Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425; Jülich; Germany
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Topley AC, Isoni V, Logothetis TA, Wynn D, Wadsworth H, Gibson AMR, Khan I, Wells NJ, Perrio C, Brown RCD. A Resin-Linker-Vector Approach to Radiopharmaceuticals Containing18F: Application in the Synthesis ofO-(2-[18F]-Fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine. Chemistry 2012; 19:1720-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Microfluidic technology: An economical and versatile approach for the synthesis of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2291-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Radeke HS, Purohit A, Harris TD, Hanson K, Jones R, Hu C, Yalamanchili P, Hayes M, Yu M, Guaraldi M, Kagan M, Azure M, Cdebaca M, Robinson S, Casebier D. Synthesis and Cardiac Imaging of (18)F-Ligands Selective for β1-Adrenoreceptors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:650-5. [PMID: 24900360 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of potent and selective β1-adrenoreceptor ligands were identified (IC50 range, 0.04-0.25 nM; β1/β2 selectivity range, 65-450-fold), labeled with the PET radioisotope fluorine-18 and evaluated in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue distribution studies demonstrated uptake of each radiotracers from the blood pool into the myocardium (0.48-0.62% ID/g), lung (0.63-0.97% ID/g), and liver (1.03-1.14% ID/g). Dynamic μPET imaging confirmed the in vivo dissection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike S. Radeke
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Ajay Purohit
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Thomas D. Harris
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Kelley Hanson
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Reinaldo Jones
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Carol Hu
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Padmaja Yalamanchili
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Megan Hayes
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Ming Yu
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Mary Guaraldi
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Mikhail Kagan
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Michael Azure
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Michael Cdebaca
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Simon Robinson
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - David Casebier
- Research and Development, Lantheus Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
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Mueller D, Klette I, Kalb F, Baum RP. Synthesis of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine based on a cartridge purification method. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 38:653-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bourdier T, Greguric I, Roselt P, Jackson T, Faragalla J, Katsifis A. Fully automated one-pot radiosynthesis of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine on the TracerLab FX(FN) module. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 38:645-51. [PMID: 21718939 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An efficient fully automated method for the radiosynthesis of enantiomerically pure O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([(18)F]FET) using the GE TracerLab FX(FN) synthesis module via the O-(2-tosyloxyethyl)-N-trityl-L-tyrosine tert-butylester precursor has been developed. METHODS The radiolabelling of [(18)F]FET involved a classical [(18)F]fluoride nucleophilic substitution performed in acetonitrile using potassium carbonate and Kryptofix 222, followed by acid hydrolysis using 2N hydrochloric acid. RESULTS [(18)F]FET was produced in 35±5% (n=22) yield non-decay-corrected (55±5% decay-corrected) and with radiochemical and enantiomeric purity of >99% with a specific activity of >90 GBq/μmol after 63 min of radiosynthesis including HPLC purification and formulation. CONCLUSION The automated radiosynthesis provides high and reproducible yields suitable for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourdier
- LifeSciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC NSW 2232, Sydney, Australia.
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