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Trejo-Solís C, Serrano-García N, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Robledo-Cadena DX, Jimenez-Farfan D, Marín-Hernández Á, Silva-Adaya D, Rodríguez-Pérez CE, Gallardo-Pérez JC. Metabolic dysregulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in glioblastoma. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:813-838. [PMID: 38841811 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibits genetic alterations that induce the deregulation of oncogenic pathways, thus promoting metabolic adaptation. The modulation of metabolic enzyme activities is necessary to generate nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids, which provide energy and metabolic intermediates essential for fulfilling the biosynthetic needs of glioma cells. Moreover, the TCA cycle produces intermediates that play important roles in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, or non-essential amino acids, and act as signaling molecules associated with the activation of oncogenic pathways, transcriptional changes, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, we aim to explore how dysregulated metabolic enzymes from the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, along with their metabolites, modulate both catabolic and anabolic metabolic pathways, as well as pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, transcriptional changes, and epigenetic modifications in GBM cells, contributing to the formation, survival, growth, and invasion of glioma cells. Additionally, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting key players in metabolic regulation. Therefore, understanding metabolic reprogramming is necessary to fully comprehend the biology of malignant gliomas and significantly improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solís
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Rosa Angelica Castillo-Rodríguez
- CICATA Unidad Morelos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard de la Tecnología, 1036 Z-1, P 2/2, Atlacholoaya, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
| | - Diana Xochiquetzal Robledo-Cadena
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Marín-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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2
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Salim AA, Butler MS, Blaskovich MAT, Henderson IR, Capon RJ. Natural products as anthelmintics: safeguarding animal health. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1754-1808. [PMID: 37555325 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Covering literature to December 2022This review provides a comprehensive account of all natural products (500 compounds, including 17 semi-synthetic derivatives) described in the primary literature up to December 2022, reported to be capable of inhibiting the egg hatching, motility, larval development and/or the survival of helminths (i.e., nematodes, flukes and tapeworms). These parasitic worms infect and compromise the health and welfare, productivity and lives of commercial livestock (i.e., sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry and fish), companion animals (i.e., dogs and cats) and other high value, endangered and/or exotic animals. Attention is given to chemical structures, as well as source organisms and anthelmintic properties, including the nature of bioassay target species, in vivo animal hosts, and measures of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
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3
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Cormier M, Hernvann F, De Paolis M. Synthetic study toward tridachiapyrone B. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1741-1748. [PMID: 36628263 PMCID: PMC9795862 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A convergent approach to the skeleton of tridachiapyrone B is described taking advantage of the desymmetrization of α,α'-dimethoxy-γ-pyrone leading to α-crotyl-α'-methoxy-γ-pyrone in one step. To construct the quaternary carbon of the 2,5-cyclohexadienone of the target, a strategy based on the Robinson-type annulation of an aldehyde derived from α-crotyl-α'-methoxy-γ-pyrone was applied. The grafting of the simplified target's side chain was demonstrated through an oxidative anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement of the tertiary alcohol arising from the 1,2-addition of a 1,3-dimethylallyl reagent to 2,5-cyclohexadienone connected to the α'-methoxy-γ-pyrone motif.
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Castillo JC, Castro Agudelo B, Gálvez J, Carissan Y, Rodriguez J, Coquerel Y. Periselectivity in the aza-Diels-Alder Cycloaddition between α-Oxoketenes and N-(5-Pyrazolyl)imines: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7368-7377. [PMID: 32396353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The thermal 6π aza-Diels-Alder cycloadditions between α-oxoketenes, in situ derived from a thermally induced Wolff rearrangement of 2-diazo-1,3-diketones, and N-(5-pyrazolyl)imines as prototypical electron-rich 2-azadienes lead to two distinct sets of products, essentially as a function of the nature of the α-oxoketenes involved. For instance, cyclic five-membered α-oxoketenes lead preferentially to spiro hydropyridin-4-ones, which involves the α-oxoketenes as the 2π partners at their C═C double bond and the N-(5-pyrazolyl)imines as the 4π partners at their 2-azadiene moiety. In contrast, other cyclic and acyclic α-oxoketenes lead preferentially to 1,3-oxazin-4-ones, which now involves the α-oxoketenes as the 4π partners at their 1-oxadiene moiety and the N-(5-pyrazolyl)imines as the 2π partners at their C═N double bond. A computational modeling study using DFT methods allowed rationalizing this change of periselectivity: the formation of spiro hydropyridin-4-ones is under thermodynamic control while the formation of 1,3-oxazin-4-ones is kinetically controlled, and slightly thermodynamically disfavored in the five-membered ring series. The competing cyclodimerization of the α-oxoketenes is also studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Escuela de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | | | - Jaime Gálvez
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo de Materiales y Productos (GIDEMP), Centro Nacional de Asistencia Técnica a la Industria, SENA, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yannick Carissan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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Storm PA, Pal P, Huitt-Roehl CR, Townsend CA. Exploring Fungal Polyketide C-Methylation through Combinatorial Domain Swaps. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3043-3048. [PMID: 30350943 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyketide C-methylation occurs during a programmed sequence of dozens of reactions carried out by multidomain polyketide synthases (PKSs). Fungal PKSs perform these reactions iteratively, where a domain may be exposed to and act upon multiple enzyme-tethered intermediates during biosynthesis. We surveyed a collection of C-methyltransferase (CMeT) domains from nonreducing fungal PKSs to gain insight into how different methylation patterns are installed. Our in vitro results show that control of methylation resides primarily with the CMeT, and CMeTs can intercept and methylate intermediates from noncognate nonreducing PKS domains. Furthermore, the methylation pattern is likely imposed by a competition between methylation or ketosynthase-catalyzed extension for each intermediate. Understanding site-specific polyketide C-methylation may facilitate targeted C-C bond formation in engineered biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Storm
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Paramita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Callie R. Huitt-Roehl
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Craig A. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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6
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Kim Y, Kim JW, Kim Z, Kim WY. Efficient prediction of reaction paths through molecular graph and reaction network analysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:825-835. [PMID: 29675146 PMCID: PMC5887236 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03628k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in computational chemistry, prediction of reaction mechanisms is still challenging, because investigating all possible reaction pathways is computationally prohibitive due to the high complexity of chemical space. A feasible strategy for efficient prediction is to utilize chemical heuristics. Here, we propose a novel approach to rapidly search reaction paths in a fully automated fashion by combining chemical theory and heuristics. A key idea of our method is to extract a minimal reaction network composed of only favorable reaction pathways from the complex chemical space through molecular graph and reaction network analysis. This can be done very efficiently by exploring the routes connecting reactants and products with minimum dissociation and formation of bonds. Finally, the resulting minimal network is subjected to quantum chemical calculations to determine kinetically the most favorable reaction path at the predictable accuracy. As example studies, our method was able to successfully find the accepted mechanisms of Claisen ester condensation and cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Korea .
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry , KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Korea .
| | - Zeehyo Kim
- Department of Chemistry , KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Korea .
| | - Woo Youn Kim
- Department of Chemistry , KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Korea .
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7
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KÖSECELİ ÖZENÇ A, ÇELİK İ, KÖKTEN Ş. Stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of $N$-substituted methyl 2-((azolyl)methyl)-3-arylacrylates from Baylis--Hillman acetates. Turk J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1607-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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8
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Shinomiya S, Iwasaki A, Ohno O, Suenaga K. Total synthesis and stereochemical determination of yoshinone A. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 132:109-114. [PMID: 27765324 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2014, the γ-pyrone-containing polyketide, yoshinone A, was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. and its structure was determined. Yoshinone A inhibited differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes, with an EC50 value of 420 nM without any cytotoxicity, and therefore is expected to be a lead compound for obesity drugs. To establish its absolute configuration, and to provide sufficient amounts for further research, the total synthesis of yoshinone A was achieved through synthesis of its two possible diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Shinomiya
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakano-Machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
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9
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Peng Z, Narcis MJ, Takenaka N. Enantio- and periselective nitroalkene Diels-Alder reactions catalyzed by helical-chiral hydrogen bond donor catalysts. Molecules 2013; 18:9982-98. [PMID: 23966083 PMCID: PMC6270221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helical-chiral double hydrogen bond donor catalysts promote the nitroalkene Diels-Alder reaction in an enantio- and periselective manner. This represents the first asymmetric catalytic nitroalkene Diels-Alder reaction via LUMO-lowering catalysis. To gain an insight into this new process, the substrate scope of our catalyst was investigated by exploiting readily available 5-substituted pentamethylcyclopentadienes. The catalyst was found to tolerate dienes with different steric demands as well as dienes substituted with heteroatoms. The synthetic utility of 5-substituted pentamethylcyclopentadienes is rather limited, and thus we have developed a three-step route to 1,4,5,5-tetrasubstituted cyclopentadienes from commercially available ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Norito Takenaka
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-305-284-3279; Fax: +1-305-284-4571
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10
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Jeso V, Yang C, Cameron MD, Cleveland JL, Micalizio GC. Synthesis and SAR of Lehualide B: a marine-derived natural product with potent anti-multiple myeloma activity. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1241-52. [PMID: 23547759 PMCID: PMC3758376 DOI: 10.1021/cb300582s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a concise and convergent laboratory synthesis of the rare marine natural product lehualide B that has led to the discovery that (1) this compound has low nanomolar activity against human multiple myeloma cells and (2) the anticancer effects of lehualide B and its analogues are selective (i.e., they are approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude less toxic to human breast cancer cells). Synthetic lehualide B is shown to be an effective inhibitor of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, with potency similar to that observed for the terrestrial natural products piericidin A1 and rotenone, an observation that led to the discovery that piericidin A1 is also selectively cytotoxic toward human multiple myeloma cells. Interestingly, synthetic derivatives of lehualide B that resemble verticipyrone (an established complex I inhibitor composed of a γ-pyrone and a simple monounsaturated hydrophobic chain) lack the potent antimyeloma activity of the natural product. Finally, the synthesis and evaluation of a collection of lehualide-inspired analogues led to the elucidation of structure-activity relationships for this rare natural product that established important roles for the substituted γ-pyrone headgroup and the skipped polyene side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valer Jeso
- Departments of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Chunying Yang
- Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Departments of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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11
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Fash DM, Khdour OM, Sahdeo SJ, Goldschmidt R, Jaruvangsanti J, Dey S, Arce PM, Collin VC, Cortopassi GA, Hecht SM. Effects of alkyl side chain modification of coenzyme Q 10 on mitochondrial respiratory chain function and cytoprotection. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2346-2354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Goldschmidt R, Arce PM, Khdour OM, Collin VC, Dey S, Jaruvangsanti J, Fash DM, Hecht SM. Effects of cytoprotective antioxidants on lymphocytes from representative mitochondrial neurodegenerative diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:969-78. [PMID: 23313093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new aza analogues of the neuroprotective agent idebenone have been synthesized and characterized. Their antioxidant activity, and ability to augment ATP levels have been evaluated in several different cell lines having suboptimal mitochondrial function. Both compounds were found to be good ROS scavengers, and to protect the cells from oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion. The compounds were more effective than idebenone in neurodegenerative disease cells. These novel pyrimidinol derivatives were also shown to augment ATP levels in coenzyme Q(10)-deficient human lymphocytes. The more lipophilic side chains attached to the pyrimidinol redox core in these compounds resulted in less inhibition of the electron transport chain and improved antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Goldschmidt
- Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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13
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Rosso H, De Paolis M, Collin VC, Dey S, Hecht SM, Prandi C, Richard V, Maddaluno J. One-Pot Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of α′-Methoxy-γ-pyrones: Biological Evaluation as Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9429-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201683u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Rosso
- Laboratoire des Fonctions Azotées et Oxygénées Complexes de l’IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale
e Chimica Organica, Universita di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Michaël De Paolis
- Laboratoire des Fonctions Azotées et Oxygénées Complexes de l’IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Valérie C. Collin
- Center for BioEnergetics, The
Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sriloy Dey
- Center for BioEnergetics, The
Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sidney M. Hecht
- Center for BioEnergetics, The
Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale
e Chimica Organica, Universita di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincent Richard
- Laboratoire des Fonctions Azotées et Oxygénées Complexes de l’IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Laboratoire des Fonctions Azotées et Oxygénées Complexes de l’IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
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