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Parvez A, Lee JS, Alam W, Tayara H, Chong KT. Integrated Computational Approaches for Drug Design Targeting Cruzipain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3747. [PMID: 38612558 PMCID: PMC11011879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cruzipain inhibitors are required after medications to treat Chagas disease because of the need for safer, more effective treatments. Trypanosoma cruzi is the source of cruzipain, a crucial cysteine protease that has driven interest in using computational methods to create more effective inhibitors. We employed a 3D-QSAR model, using a dataset of 36 known inhibitors, and a pharmacophore model to identify potential inhibitors for cruzipain. We also built a deep learning model using the Deep purpose library, trained on 204 active compounds, and validated it with a specific test set. During a comprehensive screening of the Drug Bank database of 8533 molecules, pharmacophore and deep learning models identified 1012 and 340 drug-like molecules, respectively. These molecules were further evaluated through molecular docking, followed by induced-fit docking. Ultimately, molecular dynamics simulation was performed for the final potent inhibitors that exhibited strong binding interactions. These results present four novel cruzipain inhibitors that can inhibit the cruzipain protein of T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Parvez
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (W.A.)
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea;
| | - Waleed Alam
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (W.A.)
| | - Hilal Tayara
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil To Chong
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (W.A.)
- Advances Electronics and Information Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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2
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Cox Holanda de Barros Dias M, Souza Barbalho M, Bezerra de Oliveira Filho G, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Lima Leite AC, da Silva Santos AC, Cristovão Silva AC, Accioly Brelaz de Castro MC, Maria Nascimento Moura D, Gomes Rebello Ferreira LF, Zaldini Hernandes M, de Freitas E Silva R, Rêgo Alves Pereira V. 1,3-Thiazole derivatives as privileged structures for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity: Rational design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115508. [PMID: 37267753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a deadly and centenary neglected disease that is recently surging as a potential global threat. Approximately 30% of infected individuals develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and current treatment with the reference benznidazole (BZN) is ineffective for this stage. We presently report the structural planning, synthesis, characterization, molecular docking prediction, cytotoxicity, in vitro bioactivity and mechanistic studies on the anti-T. cruzi activity of a series of 16 novel 1,3-thiazoles (2-17) derived from thiosemicarbazones (1a, 1b) in a two-step and reproducible Hantzsch-based synthesis approach. The anti-T. cruzi activity was evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote, amastigote and trypomastigote forms of the parasite. In the bioactivity assays, all thiazoles were more potent than BZN against epimastigotes. We found that the compounds presented an overall increased anti-tripomastigote selectivity (Cpd 8 was 24-fold more selective) than BZN, and they mostly presented anti-amastigote activity at very low doses (from 3.65 μM, cpd 15). Mechanistic studies on cell death suggested that the series of 1,3-thiazole compounds herein reported cause parasite cell death through apoptosis, but without compromising the mitochondrial membrane potential. In silico prediction of physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters showed promising drug-like results, being all the reported compounds in compliance with Lipinski and Veber rules. In summary, our work contributes towards a more rational design of potent and selective antitripanosomal drugs, using affordable methodology to yield industrially viable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabilly Cox Holanda de Barros Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Souza Barbalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670- 420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Felipe Gomes Rebello Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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3
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From rational design to serendipity: Discovery of novel thiosemicarbazones as potent trypanocidal compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A Novel High-Content Screening-Based Method for Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Drug Discovery Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:2642807. [PMID: 34434238 PMCID: PMC8380504 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2642807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection and remains a relevant cause of chronic heart failure in Latin America. The pharmacological arsenal for Chagas disease is limited, and the available anti-T. cruzi drugs are not effective when administered during the chronic phase. Cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) have the potential to accelerate the process of drug discovery for Chagas disease, through predictive preclinical assays in target human cells. Here, we aimed to establish a novel high-content screening- (HCS-) based method using hiPSC-CMs to simultaneously evaluate anti-T. cruzi activity and cardiotoxicity of chemical compounds. To provide proof-of-concept data, the reference drug benznidazole and three compounds with known anti-T. cruzi activity (a betulinic acid derivative named BA5 and two thiazolidinone compounds named GT5A and GT5B) were evaluated in the assay. hiPSC-CMs were infected with T. cruzi and incubated for 48 h with serial dilutions of the compounds for determination of EC50 and CC50 values. Automated multiparametric analyses were performed using an automated high-content imaging system. Sublethal toxicity measurements were evaluated through morphological measurements related to the integrity of the cytoskeleton by phalloidin staining, nuclear score by Hoechst 33342 staining, mitochondria score following MitoTracker staining, and quantification of NT-pro-BNP, a peptide released upon mechanical myocardial stress. The compounds showed EC50 values for anti-T. cruzi activity similar to those previously described for other cell types, and GT5B showed a pronounced trypanocidal activity in hiPSC-CMs. Sublethal changes in cytoskeletal and nucleus scores correlated with NT-pro-BNP levels in the culture supernatant. Mitochondrial score changes were associated with increased cytotoxicity. The assay was feasible and allowed rapid assessment of anti-T. cruzi action of the compounds, in addition to cardiotoxicity parameters. The utilization of hiPSC-CMs in the drug development workflow for Chagas disease may help in the identification of novel compounds.
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Structural improvement of new thiazolyl-isatin derivatives produces potent and selective trypanocidal and leishmanicidal compounds. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109561. [PMID: 34174251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neglected diseases are a group of transmissible diseases that occur mostly in countries in tropical climates. Among this group, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis stand out, considered threats to global health. Treatment for these diseases is limited. Therefore, there is a need for new therapies against these diseases. In this sense, our proposal consisted of developing two series of compounds, using a molecular hybridization of the heterocyclic isatin and thiazole. The isatin and thiazole ring are important scaffold for several biological disorders, including antiparasitic ones. Herein, thiazolyl-isatin has been synthesized from respective thiosemicarbazone or phenyl-thiosemicarbazone, being some of these new thiazolyl-isatin toxic for trypomastigotes without affecting macrophages viability. From this series, compounds 2e (IC50 = 4.43 μM), 2j (IC50 = 2.05 μM), 2l (IC50 = 4.12 μM) and 2m (1.72 μM) showed the best anti-T. cruzi activity for trypomastigote form presenting a selectivity index higher than Benznidazole (BZN). Compounds 2j, 2l and 2m were able to induce a significantly labelling compatible with necrosis in trypomastigotes. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigote cells treated with the compound 2m from IC50 concentrations, promoted changes in the shape, flagella and surface of body causing of the parasite dead. Concerning leishmanicidal evaluation against L. amazonensis and L. infantum, compounds 2l (IC50 = 7.36 and 7.97 μM, respectively) and 2m (6.17 and 6.04 μM, respectively) showed the best activity for promastigote form, besides showed a higher selectivity than Miltefosine. Thus, compounds 2l and 2m showed dual in vitro trypanosomicidal and leishmanicidal activities. A structural activity relationship study showed that thiazolyl-isatin derivatives from phenyl-thiosemicarbazone (2a-m) were, in general, more active than thiazolyl-isatin derivatives from thiosemicarbazone (1a-g). Crystallography studies revealed a different configuration between series 1a-g and 2a-m. The configuration and spatial arrangement divergent between the two sub-series could explain the improved biological activity profile of 2a-m sub-series.
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4-Chlorophenylthioacetone-derived thiosemicarbazones as potent antitrypanosomal drug candidates: Investigations on the mode of action. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105018. [PMID: 34098396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (ChD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a challenge for the medical and scientific fields due to the inefficiency of the therapeutic approaches available for its treatment. Thiosemicarbazones and hydrazones present a wide spectrum of bioactivities and are considered a platform for the design of new anti-T. cruzi drug candidates. Herein, the potential antichagasic activities of [(E)-2-(1-(4-chlorophenylthio)propan-2-ylidene)-hydrazinecarbothioamides] (C1, C3), [(E)-N'-(1-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)propan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazide] (C2), [(E)-2-(1-(4-, and [(E)-2-(1-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarboxamide] (C4) were investigated. Macrophages (MOs) from C57BL/6 mice stimulated with C1 and C3, but not with C2 and C4, reduced amastigote replication and trypomastigote release, independent of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species production and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. C3, but not C1, reduced parasite uptake by MOs and potentiated TNF production. In cardiomyocytes, C3 reduced trypomastigote release independently of NO, TNF, and IL-6 production. C1 and C3 were non-toxic to the host cells. A reduction of parasite release was found during infection of MOs with trypomastigotes pre-incubated with C1 or C3 and MOs pre-stimulated with compounds before infection. Moreover, C1 and C3 acted directly on trypomastigotes, killing them faster than Benznidazole, and inhibited T. cruzi proliferation at various stages of its intracellular cycle. Mechanistically, C1 and C3 inhibit parasite duplication, and this process cannot be reversed by inhibiting the DNA damage response. In vivo, C1 and C3 attenuated parasitemia in T. cruzi-infected mice. Moreover, C3 loaded in a lipid nanocarrier system (nanoemulsion) maintained anti-T. cruzi activity in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest that C1 and C3 are candidates for the treatment of ChD and present activity in both the host and parasite cells.
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Bezerra de Oliveira Filho G, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Caroline da Silva Santos A, Ramos Dos Santos TA, Cristovão-Silva AC, Rubio LG, da Silva Maia Neto L, Leite PG, Machado FS, Alves LC, Brayner FA, Alves Pereira VR, Lima Leite AC. Structural design, synthesis and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi profile of the second generation of 4-thiazolidinones chlorine derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109514. [PMID: 34023282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease causes more deaths in the Americas than any other parasitic disease. Initially confined to the American continent, it is increasingly becoming a global health problem. In fact, it is considered to be an "exotic" disease in Europe, being virtually undiagnosed. Benznidazole, the only drug approved for treatment, effectively treats acute-stage Chagas disease, but its effectiveness for treating indeterminate and chronic stages remains uncertain. Previously, our research group demonstrated that 4-thiazolidinones presented anti-T. cruzi activity including in the in vivo assays in mice, making this fragment appealing for drug development. The present work reports the synthesis and anti-T. cruzi activities of a novel series of 4-thiazolidinones derivatives that resulted in an increased anti-T. cruzi activity in comparison to thiosemicarbazones intermediates. Compounds 2c, 2e, and 3a showed potent inhibition of the trypomastigote form of the parasite at low cytotoxicity concentrations in mouse splenocytes. Besides, all the 2c, 2e, and 3a tested concentrations showed no cytotoxic activity on macrophages cell viability. When macrophages were submitted to T. cruzi infection and treated with 2c and 3a, compounds reduced the release of trypomastigote forms. Results also showed that the increased trypanocidal activity induced by 2c and 3a is independent of nitric oxide release. Flow cytometry assay showed that compound 2e was able to induce necrosis and apoptosis in trypomastigotes. Parasites treated with the compounds 2e, 3a, and 3c presented flagellum shortening, retraction and curvature of the parasite body, and extravasation of the internal content. Together, these data revealed a novel series of 4-thiazolidinones fragment-based compounds with potential effects against T. cruzi and lead-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aline Caroline da Silva Santos
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago André Ramos Dos Santos
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Cristovão-Silva
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Laura González Rubio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz da Silva Maia Neto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gaio Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami-LIKA / UFPE, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Parasitology, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Leishmaniasis, and Mutagenesis, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio André Brayner
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami-LIKA / UFPE, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Parasitology, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Leishmaniasis, and Mutagenesis, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Rosas-Jimenez JG, Garcia-Revilla MA, Madariaga-Mazon A, Martinez-Mayorga K. Predictive Global Models of Cruzain Inhibitors with Large Chemical Coverage. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6722-6735. [PMID: 33748586 PMCID: PMC7970485 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease affects 8-11 million people worldwide, most of them living in Latin America. Moreover, migratory phenomena have spread the infection beyond endemic areas. Efforts for the development of new pharmacological therapies are paramount as the pharmacological profile of the two marketed drugs currently available, nifurtimox and benznidazole, needs to be improved. Cruzain, a parasitic cysteine protease, is one of the most attractive biological targets due to its roles in parasite survival and immune evasion. In this work, we compiled and curated a database of diverse cruzain inhibitors previously reported in the literature. From this data set, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for the prediction of their pIC50 values were generated using k-nearest neighbors and random forest algorithms. Local and global models were calculated and compared. The statistical parameters for internal and external validation indicate a significant predictability, with q loo 2 values around 0.66 and 0.61 and external R 2 coefficients of 0.725 and 0.766. The applicability domain is quantitatively defined, according to QSAR good practices, using the leverage and similarity methods. The models described in this work are readily available in a Python script for the discovery of novel cruzain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guadalupe Rosas-Jimenez
- Division
de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad
de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
- Instituto
de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma
de Mexico, Mexico
City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Garcia-Revilla
- Division
de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad
de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
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Queiroz CM, de Oliveira Filho GB, Espíndola JWP, do Nascimento AV, Aliança ASDS, de Lorena VMB, Feitosa APS, da Silva PR, Alves LC, Leite ACL, Brayner FA. Thiosemicarbazone and thiazole: in vitro evaluation of leishmanicidal and ultrastructural activity on Leishmania infantum. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Khan B, Khalid M, Shah MR, Tahir MN, Asif HM, Rahnamaye Aliabad HA, Hussain A. Synthetic, spectroscopic, SC-XRD and nonlinear optical analysis of potent hydrazide derivatives: A comparative experimental and DFT/TD-DFT exploration. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Haroon M, Akhtar T, S. Santos AC, Pereira VRA, Ferreira LFGR, Hernandes MZ, Rocha REO, Ferreira RS, M. Gomes PAT, Sousa FA, B. Dias MCH, Tahir MN, Hameed S, Leite ACL. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Trypanocidal and Leishmanicidal Activities of 2‐(2‐Arylidene)hydrazono‐4‐oxothiazolidine‐5‐acetic Acid Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haroon
- Department of ChemistryMirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) 10250-Mirpur (AJK) Pakistan
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department of ChemistryMirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) 10250-Mirpur (AJK) Pakistan
| | - Aline C. S. Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu MagalhãesFundação Oswaldo Cruz 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Valéria R. A. Pereira
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu MagalhãesFundação Oswaldo Cruz 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Luiz F. G. R. Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco 50740-520 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Marcelo Z. Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco 50740-520 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Rafael E. O. Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica and ImunologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais CEP 31270–901 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Rafaela S. Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica and ImunologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais CEP 31270–901 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Paulo A. T. M. Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco 50740-520 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Fabiano A. Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco 50740-520 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Mabilly C. H. B. Dias
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco 50740-520 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Muhammad N. Tahir
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Sargodha, Sargodha Punjab Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of ChemistryQuaid-i-Azam University Islamabad- 45320 Pakistan
| | - Ana C. L. Leite
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco 50740-520 Recife, PE Brazil
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Synthesis, biological activity, and mechanism of action of new 2-pyrimidinyl hydrazone and N-acylhydrazone derivatives, a potent and new classes of antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Novel indol-3-yl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Obtaining, evaluation of in vitro leishmanicidal activity and ultrastructural studies. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108899. [PMID: 31738906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases still represent serious public health problems, since the high and steady emergence of resistant strains is evident. Because parasitic infections are distributed predominantly in developing countries, less toxic, more efficient, safer and more accessible drugs have become desirable in the treatment of the infected population. This is the case of leishmaniasis, an infectious disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania sp., responsible for triggering pathological processes from the simplest to the most severe forms leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In the search for new leishmanicidal drugs, the thiosemicarbazones and the indole fragments have been identified as promising structures for leishmanicidal activity. The present study proposes the synthesis and structural characterization of new indole-thiosemicarbazone derivatives (2a-j), in addition to performing in vitro evaluations through cytotoxicity assays using macrophages (J774) activity against forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis promastigote as well as ultrastructural analyzes in promastigotes of L. infantum. Results show that the indole-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were obtained with yield values varying from 32.09 to 94.64%. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity, the indole-thiosemicarbazone compounds presented CC50 values between 53.23 and 357.97 μM. Concerning the evaluation against L. amazonensis promastigote forms, IC50 values ranged between 12.31 and > 481.52 μM, while the activity against L. infantum promastigotes obtained IC50 values between 4.36 and 23.35 μM. The compounds 2d and 2i tested against L. infantum were the most promising in the series, as they showed the lowest IC50 values: 5.60 and 4.36 respectively. The parasites treated with the compounds 2d and 2i showed several structural alterations, such as shrinkage of the cell body, shortening and loss of the flagellum, intense mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization of the cytoplasm leading the parasite to cellular unviability. Therefore, the indole-thiosemicarbazone compounds are promising because they yield considerable synthesis, have low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and act as leishmanicidal agents.
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Leite ACL, Espíndola JWP, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, de Oliveira Filho GB. Privileged Structures in the Design of Potential Drug Candidates for Neglected Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4323-4354. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171023163752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Privileged motifs are recurring in a wide range of biologically
active compounds that reach different pharmaceutical targets and pathways and could represent
a suitable start point to access potential candidates in the neglected diseases field.
The current therapies to treat these diseases are based in drugs that lack of the desired effectiveness,
affordable methods of synthesis and allow a way to emergence of resistant
strains. Due the lack of financial return, only few pharmaceutical companies have been
investing in research for new therapeutics for neglected diseases (ND).
Methods:
Based on the literature search from 2002 to 2016, we discuss how six privileged
motifs, focusing phthalimide, isatin, indole, thiosemicarbazone, thiazole, and thiazolidinone
are particularly recurrent in compounds active against some of neglected diseases.
Results:
It was observed that attention was paid particularly for Chagas disease, malaria,
tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, dengue, African sleeping sickness (Human
African Trypanosomiasis - HAT) and toxoplasmosis. It was possible to verify that, among
the ND, antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities were between the most searched.
Besides, thiosemicarbazone moiety seems to be the most versatile and frequently explored
scaffold. As well, phthalimide, isatin, thiazole, and thiazolidone nucleus have been also
explored in the ND field.
Conclusion:
Some described compounds, appear to be promising drug candidates, while
others could represent a valuable inspiration in the research for new lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
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15
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Cardoso MVDO, Oliveira Filho GBD, Siqueira LRPD, Espíndola JWP, Silva EBD, Mendes APDO, Pereira VRA, Castro MCABD, Ferreira RS, Villela FS, Costa FMRD, Meira CS, Moreira DRM, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. 2-(phenylthio)ethylidene derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds: Structural design, synthesis and antiparasitic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Kryshchyshyn A, Kaminskyy D, Karpenko O, Gzella A, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Thiazolidinone/thiazole based hybrids - New class of antitrypanosomal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:292-308. [PMID: 31051403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different compounds have been investigated as potent drugs for trypanosomiasis treatment, but no new drug has been marketed in the past 3 decades. 4-Thiazolidinone/thiazole as privileged structures and thiosemicarbazides cyclic analogs are well known scaffolds in novel antitrypanosomal agent design. We present here the design and synthesis of new hybrid molecules bearing thiazolidinone/thiazole cores linked by the hydrazone group with various molecular fragments. Structure optimization led to compounds with phenyl-indole or phenyl-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole moieties showing excellent antitrypanosomal activity towards Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Biological study allowed identifying compounds with the submicromolar levels of IC50, good selectivity indexes and relatively low cytotoxicity upon human primary fibroblasts as well as low acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
| | | | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Philippe Grellier
- National Museum of Natural History, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN, Team BAMEE, CP 52, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine; Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
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17
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Herrera-Mayorga V, Lara-Ramírez EE, Chacón-Vargas KF, Aguirre-Alvarado C, Rodríguez-Páez L, Alcántara-Farfán V, Cordero-Martínez J, Nogueda-Torres B, Reyes-Espinosa F, Bocanegra-García V, Rivera G. Structure-Based Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of New Trypanosoma cruzi Cruzain Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071742. [PMID: 30970549 PMCID: PMC6479639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), or American trypanosomiasis, causes more than 10,000 deaths per year in the Americas. Current medical therapy for CD has low efficacy in the chronic phase of the disease and serious adverse effects; therefore, it is necessary to search for new pharmacological treatments. In this work, the ZINC15 database was filtered using the N-acylhydrazone moiety and a subsequent structure-based virtual screening was performed using the cruzain enzyme of Trypanosoma cruzi to predict new potential cruzain inhibitors. After a rational selection process, four compounds, Z2 (ZINC9873043), Z3 (ZINC9870651), Z5 (ZINC9715287), and Z6 (ZINC9861447), were chosen to evaluate their in vitro trypanocidal activity and enzyme inhibition. Compound Z5 showed the best trypanocidal activity against epimatigote (IC50 = 36.26 ± 9.9 μM) and trypomastigote (IC50 = 166.21 ± 14.5 μM and 185.1 ± 8.5 μM on NINOA and INC-5 strains, respectively) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition, Z5 showed a better inhibitory effect on Trypanosoma cruzi proteases than S1 (STK552090, 8-chloro-N-(3-morpholinopropyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-b]-indol-4-amine), a known cruzain inhibitor. This study encourages the use of computational tools for the rational search for trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Herrera-Mayorga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Mante 89840, Mexico.
| | - Edgar E Lara-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas 98000, Mexico.
| | - Karla F Chacón-Vargas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Charmina Aguirre-Alvarado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Unidad de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México 029990, Mexico.
| | - Lorena Rodríguez-Páez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Alcántara-Farfán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Joaquín Cordero-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Reyes-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico.
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico.
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico.
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18
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Holota S, Kryshchyshyn A, Derkach H, Trufin Y, Demchuk I, Gzella A, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Synthesis of 5-enamine-4-thiazolidinone derivatives with trypanocidal and anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:126-136. [PMID: 30690336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(5-aminomethylene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylpropionic acid ethyl esters has been synthesized. Target compounds were evaluated for their trypanocidal activity towards Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Several hit-compounds (8, 10, 12) inhibited growth of the parasites at sub-micromolar concentrations (IC50 0.027-1.936 µM) and showed significant selectivity indices (SI = 108-1396.2) being non-toxic towards the human primary fibroblasts. The screening of anticancer activity in vitro within NCI DTP protocol allowed to identify active 2-(5-{[5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-thiazol-2-ylamino]-methylene}-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylpropionic acid ethyl ester 14 that demonstrated inhibition against all 59 human tumor cell lines with the average GI50 value of 2.57 μM. It was established that the activity type (antitrypanosomal or anticancer) as well as its level depends on the character of enamine fragment in the C5 position of thiazolidinone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine; Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Volya Avenue 13, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Derkach
- Department of Chemistry, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 2 Halytska, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslava Trufin
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Inna Demchuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Philippe Grellier
- National Museum of Natural History, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN, Team APE, CP 52, 57 Rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine; Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
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19
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Kryshchyshyn A, Kaminskyy D, Nektegayev I, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Isothiochromenothiazoles-A Class of Fused Thiazolidinone Derivatives with Established Anticancer Activity That Inhibits Growth of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86040047. [PMID: 30347722 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, thiazolidinone derivatives have been widely studied as antiparasitic agents. Previous investigations showed that fused 4-thiazolidinone derivatives (especially thiopyranothiazoles) retain pharmacological activity of their synthetic precursors-simple 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones. A series of isothiochromeno[4a,4-d][1,3] thiazoles was investigated in an in vitro assay towards bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. All compounds inhibited parasite growth at concentrations in the micromolar range. The established low acute toxicity of this class of compounds along with a good trypanocidal profile indicates that isothiochromenothiazole derivatives may be promising for designing new antitrypanosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv-10, Ukraine.
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv-10, Ukraine.
| | - Igor Nektegayev
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv-10, Ukraine.
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 CNRS MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv-10, Ukraine.
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20
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Kryshchyshyn A, Devinyak O, Kaminskyy D, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Development of Predictive QSAR Models of 4-Thiazolidinones Antitrypanosomal Activity Using Modern Machine Learning Algorithms. Mol Inform 2017; 37:e1700078. [PMID: 29134756 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents novel QSAR models for the prediction of antitrypanosomal activity among thiazolidines and related heterocycles. The performance of four machine learning algorithms: Random Forest regression, Stochastic gradient boosting, Multivariate adaptive regression splines and Gaussian processes regression have been studied in order to reach better levels of predictivity. The results for Random Forest and Gaussian processes regression are comparable and outperform other studied methods. The preliminary descriptor selection with Boruta method improved the outcome of machine learning methods. The two novel QSAR-models developed with Random Forest and Gaussian processes regression algorithms have good predictive ability, which was proved by the external evaluation of the test set with corresponding Q2ext =0.812 and Q2ext =0.830. The obtained models can be used further for in silico screening of virtual libraries in the same chemical domain in order to find new antitrypanosomal agents. Thorough analysis of descriptors influence in the QSAR models and interpretation of their chemical meaning allows to highlight a number of structure-activity relationships. The presence of phenyl rings with electron-withdrawing atoms or groups in para-position, increased number of aromatic rings, high branching but short chains, high HOMO energy, and the introduction of 1-substituted 2-indolyl fragment into the molecular structure have been recognized as trypanocidal activity prerequisites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Devinyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Uzhgorod National University, Narodna sq. 1, 88000, Uzhgorod, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Philippe Grellier
- National Museum of Natural History, UMR 7245 CNRS MCAM, Sorbonne Universités, CP 52, 57 Rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
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21
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de Oliveira Filho GB, Cardoso MVDO, Espíndola JWP, Oliveira E Silva DA, Ferreira RS, Coelho PL, Anjos PSD, Santos EDS, Meira CS, Moreira DRM, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. Structural design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of thiazoles against Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:346-361. [PMID: 29031078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most significant health problems in the American continent. benznidazole (BDZ) and nifurtimox (NFX) are the only drugs approved for treatment and exhibit strong side effects and ineffectiveness in the chronic stage, besides different susceptibility among T. cruzi DTUs (Discrete Typing Units). Therefore, new drugs to treat this disease are necessary. Thiazole compounds have been described as potent trypanocidal agents. Here we report the structural planning, synthesis and anti-T. cruzi evaluation of a new series of 1,3-thiazoles (7-28), which were designed by placing this heterocycle instead of thiazolidin-4-one ring. The synthesis was conducted in an ultrasonic bath with 2-propanol as solvent at room temperature. By varying substituents attached to the phenyl and thiazole rings, substituents were observed to retain, enhance or greatly increase their anti-T. cruzi activity. In some cases, methyl at position 5 of the thiazole (compounds 9, 12 and 23) increased trypanocidal property. The exchange of phenyl for pyridinyl heterocycle resulted in increased activity, giving rise to the most potent compound against the trypomasigote form (14, IC50trypo = 0.37 μM). Importantly, these new thiazoles were toxic for trypomastigotes without affecting macrophages and cardiomyoblast viability. The compounds were also evaluated against cruzain, and five of the most active compounds against trypomastigotes (7, 9, 12, 16 and 23) inhibited more than 70% of enzymatic activity at 10 μM, among which compound 7 had an IC50 in the submicromolar range, suggesting a possible mechanism of action. In addition, examination of T. cruzi cell death showed that compound 14 induces apoptosis. We also examined the activity against intracellular parasites, revealing that compound 14 inhibited T. cruzi infection with potency similar to benznidazole. The antiparasitic effect of 14 and benznidazole in combination was also investigated against trypomastigotes and revealed that they have synergistic effects, showing a promising profile for drug combination. Finally, in mice acutely-infected with T. cruzi,14 treatment significanty reduced the blood parasitaemia and had a protective effect on mortality. In conclusion, we report the identification of compounds (7), (12), (15), (23) and (26) with similar trypanocidal activity of benznidazole; compounds (9) and (21) as trypanocidal agents equipotent with BDZ, and compound 14 with potency 28 times better than the reference drug without affecting macrophages and cardiomyoblast viability. Mechanistically, the compounds inhibit cruzain, and 14 induces T. cruzi cell death by an apoptotic process, being considered a good starting point for the development of new anti-Chagas drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Laboratório de Planejamento em Química Medicinal - LpQM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Faculdade de Integração do Sertão - FIS, Rua João Luiz de Melo, 2110, COHAB, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola
- Laboratório de Planejamento em Química Medicinal - LpQM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dayane Albuquerque Oliveira E Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento em Química Medicinal - LpQM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pollyanne Lacerda Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratório de Planejamento em Química Medicinal - LpQM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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22
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Aryl thiosemicarbazones: In vitro and immunomodulatory activities against L. amazonensis. Exp Parasitol 2017; 177:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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da Silva EB, Oliveira E Silva DA, Oliveira AR, da Silva Mendes CH, Dos Santos TAR, da Silva AC, de Castro MCA, Ferreira RS, Moreira DRM, Cardoso MVDO, de Simone CA, Pereira VRA, Leite ACL. Desing and synthesis of potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents new thiazoles derivatives which induce apoptotic parasite death. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:39-50. [PMID: 28242550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a relevant cause of illness and premature death and it is estimated that 6 million to 7 million people are infected worldwide. Although chemotherapy options are limited presenting serious problems, such as low efficacy and high toxicity. T. cruzi is susceptible to thiazoles, making this class of compounds appealing for drug development. Previously, thiazoles resulted in an increase in anti-T. cruzi activity in comparison to thiosemicarbazones. Here, we report the structural planning, synthesis and anti-T. cruzi evaluation of new thiazoles derivatives (3a-m and 4a-m), designed from molecular hybridization associated with non-classical bioisosterism. By varying substituents attached to the phenyl and thiazole rings, substituents were observed to retain, enhance or greatly increase their anti-T. cruzi activity, in comparison to the corresponding thiosemicarbazones. In most cases, electron-withdrawing substituents, such as bromine, 3,4-dichloro and nitro groups, greatly increased antiparasitic activity. Specifically, new thiazoles were identified that inhibit the epimastigote proliferation and were toxic for trypomastigotes without affecting macrophages viability. These compounds were also evaluated against cruzain. However, inhibition of this enzyme was not observed, suggesting that the compounds work through another mechanism. In addition, examination of T. cruzi cell death showed that these molecules induce apoptosis. In conclusion, except for compounds 3h and 3k, all thiazoles derivatives evaluated exhibited higher cytotoxic activity against the trypomastigote forms than the reference medicament benznidazole, without affecting macrophages viability. Compounds 4d and 4k were highlights, CC50 = 1.2 e 1.6 μM, respectively. Mechanistically, these compounds do not inhibit the cruzain, but induce T. cruzi cell death by an apoptotic process, being considered a good starting point for the development of new anti-Chagas drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elany Barbosa da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique da Silva Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Carolina Acioly de Castro
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Parasitologia, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto de Simone
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Sharipova RR, Garifullin BF, Andreeva OV, Strobykina IY, Kataev VE. Synthesis of thiazolylhydrazones of the Stevia rebaudiana glycoside steviolbioside. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216080168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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de Moraes Gomes PAT, de Oliveira Barbosa M, Farias Santiago E, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, Capistrano Costa NT, Hernandes MZ, Moreira DRM, da Silva AC, Dos Santos TAR, Pereira VRA, Brayner Dos Santosd FA, do Nascimento Pereira GA, Ferreira RS, Leite ACL. New 1,3-thiazole derivatives and their biological and ultrastructural effects on Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:387-398. [PMID: 27295485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, the compound 3-(bromopropiophenone) thiosemicarbazone was described as a potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cruzain inhibitor. In view to optimize this activity, 1,3-thiazole core was used as building-block strategy to access new lead generation of anti T. cruzi agents. In this way a series of thiazole derivatives were synthesized and most of these derivatives exhibited antiparasitic activity similar to benznidazole (Bzd). Among them, compounds (1c) and (1g) presented better selective index (SI) than Bzd. In addition, compounds showed inhibitory activity against the cruzain protease. As observed by electron microscopy, compound (1c) treatment caused irreversible and specific morphological changes on ultrastructure organization of T. cruzi, demonstrating that this class of compounds is killing parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miria de Oliveira Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edna Farias Santiago
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Natáli Tereza Capistrano Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Caroline da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Glaécia Aparecida do Nascimento Pereira
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Costa LB, Cardoso MVDO, de Oliveira Filho GB, de Moraes Gomes PAT, Espíndola JWP, de Jesus Silva TG, Torres PHM, Silva FP, Martin J, de Figueiredo RCBQ, Leite ACL. Compound profiling and 3D-QSAR studies of hydrazone derivatives with activity against intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1608-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gomes PATDM, Oliveira AR, Cardoso MVDO, Santiago EDF, Barbosa MDO, de Siqueira LRP, Moreira DRM, Bastos TM, Brayner FA, Soares MBP, Mendes APDO, de Castro MCAB, Pereira VRA, Leite ACL. Phthalimido-thiazoles as building blocks and their effects on the growth and morphology of Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 111:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Oliveira Filho GB, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, Espíndola JWP, Ferreira LFGR, de Simone CA, Ferreira RS, Coelho PL, Meira CS, Magalhaes Moreira DR, Soares MBP, Lima Leite AC. Structural design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 4-thiazolidinones against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7478-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bellera CL, Balcazar DE, Vanrell MC, Casassa AF, Palestro PH, Gavernet L, Labriola CA, Gálvez J, Bruno-Blanch LE, Romano PS, Carrillo C, Talevi A. Computer-guided drug repurposing: Identification of trypanocidal activity of clofazimine, benidipine and saquinavir. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:338-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kryshchyshyn A, Kaminskyy D, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Trends in research of antitrypanosomal agents among synthetic heterocycles. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:51-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Cardoso MVDO, de Siqueira LRP, da Silva EB, Costa LB, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, Ferreira RS, da Cruz LF, Moreira DRM, Pereira VRA, de Castro MCAB, Bernhardt PV, Leite ACL. 2-Pyridyl thiazoles as novel anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents: structural design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:48-59. [PMID: 25147146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports on the synthesis, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activities and docking studies of a novel series of 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-thiazoles derived from 2-pyridine thiosemicarbazone. The majority of these compounds are potent cruzain inhibitors and showed excellent inhibition on the trypomastigote form of the parasite, and the resulting structure-activity relationships are discussed. Together, these data present a novel series of thiazolyl hydrazones with potential effects against Chagas disease and they could be important leads in continuing development against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elany Barbosa da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bandeira Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Montenegro Rabello
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luana Faria da Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Conformational restriction of aryl thiosemicarbazones produces potent and selective anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds which induce apoptotic parasite death. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:467-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bellera CL, Balcazar DE, Alberca L, Labriola CA, Talevi A, Carrillo C. Identification of levothyroxine antichagasic activity through computer-aided drug repurposing. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:279618. [PMID: 24592161 PMCID: PMC3926237 DOI: 10.1155/2014/279618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cruzipain (Cz) is the major cysteine protease of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease. A conformation-independent classifier capable of identifying Cz inhibitors was derived from a 163-compound dataset and later applied in a virtual screening campaign on the DrugBank database, which compiles FDA-approved and investigational drugs. 54 approved drugs were selected as candidates, 3 of which were acquired and tested on Cz and T. cruzi epimastigotes proliferation. Among them, levothyroxine, traditionally used in hormone replacement therapy in patients with hypothyroidism, showed dose-dependent inhibition of Cz and antiproliferative activity on the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L. Bellera
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata (B1900AJI) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío E. Balcazar
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein (ICT Milstein), Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1440FFX), Argentina
| | - Lucas Alberca
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata (B1900AJI) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A. Labriola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1405BWE), Argentina
| | - Alan Talevi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata (B1900AJI) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Carrillo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein (ICT Milstein), Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1440FFX), Argentina
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34
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Moreira DRM, Lima Leite AC, Cardoso MVO, Srivastava RM, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, da Cruz LF, Ferreira RS, de Simone CA, Meira CS, Guimaraes ET, da Silva AC, dos Santos TAR, Pereira VRA, Pereira Soares MB. Structural Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Thiazolidinones with Enhanced Anti-Trypanosoma cruziActivity. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:177-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Leite ACL, Barbosa FF, Cardoso MVDO, Moreira DRM, Coêlho LCD, da Silva EB, Filho GBDO, de Souza VMO, Pereira VRA, de C. Reis L, Ferreira PMP, Pessoa C, Wanderley AG, Mota FVB, da Silva TG. Phthaloyl amino acids as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory prototypes. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Bellera CL, Balcazar DE, Alberca L, Labriola CA, Talevi A, Carrillo C. Application of computer-aided drug repurposing in the search of new cruzipain inhibitors: discovery of amiodarone and bromocriptine inhibitory effects. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2402-8. [PMID: 23906322 DOI: 10.1021/ci400284v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cruzipain (Cz) is the major cystein protease of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , etiological agent of Chagas disease. From a 163 compound data set, a 2D-classifier capable of identifying Cz inhibitors was obtained and applied in a virtual screening campaign on the DrugBank database, which compiles FDA-approved and investigational drugs. Fifty-four approved drugs were selected as candidates, four of which were acquired and tested on Cz and T. cruzi epimastigotes. Among them, the antiparkinsonian and antidiabetic drug bromocriptine and the antiarrhythmic amiodarone showed dose-dependent inhibition of Cz and antiproliferative activity on the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Bellera
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata , 47 y 115, La Plata (B1900AJI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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37
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Moreira DRM, Costa SPM, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, de Oliveira Filho GB, de Melo CML, da Rocha LF, de Simone CA, Ferreira RS, Fradico JRB, Meira CS, Guimarães ET, Srivastava RM, Pereira VRA, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. Structural Investigation of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi 2-Iminothiazolidin-4-ones Allows the Identification of Agents with Efficacy in Infected Mice. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10918-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301518v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Rodrigo Magalhaes Moreira
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas and da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife,
PE, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Salvana Priscylla Manso Costa
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Montenegro Rabello
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Ferreira da Rocha
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,
CEP, 50670-420, Salvador-PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Simone
- Departamento de Física
and Informática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos,
SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica
and
Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Elisalva Teixeira Guimarães
- Departamento de Ciências da
Vida, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, CEP
41150-000, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rajendra Mohan Srivastava
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas and da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia and
Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, CEP 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
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38
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Fennell BD, Warren JM, Chung KK, Main HL, Arend AB, Tochowicz A, Götz MG. Optimization of peptidyl allyl sulfones as clan CA cysteine protease inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:468-78. [PMID: 22380780 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.651466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the synthesis and inhibitory potency of a series of novel dipeptidyl allyl sulfones as clan CA cysteine protease inhibitors. The structure of the inhibitors consists of a R(1)-Phe-R(2)-AS-Ph scaffold (AS = allyl sulfone). R(1) was varied with benzyloxycarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl, or N-methylpiperazinocarbonyl substituents. R(2) was varied with either Phe of Hfe residues. Synthesis involved preparation of vinyl sulfone analogues followed by isomerization to allyl sulfones using n-butyl lithium and t-butyl hydroperoxide. Sterics, temperature and base strength were all factors that affected the formation and stereochemistry of the allyl sulfone moiety. The inhibitors were assayed with three clan CA cysteine proteases (cruzain, cathepsin B and calpain I) as well as one serine protease (trypsin). The most potent inhibitor, (E)-Mu-Phe-Hfe-AS-Ph, displayed at least 10-fold selectivity for cruzain over clan CA cysteine proteases cathepsin B and calpain I with a (kobs)/[I] of 6080 ± 1390 M(-1)s(-1).
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Dürüst Y, Karakuş H, Kaiser M, Tasdemir D. Synthesis and anti-protozoal activity of novel dihydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 48:296-304. [PMID: 22217867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
1,2,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,3-triazole containing heterocyclic compounds continue to gain interest in synthesis of chemical entities and exhibit various biological activities as anti-protozoal and anti-cancer agents. By using the principle of bioisosterism, a series of novel oxadiazolyl pyrrolo triazole diones; namely, (3aS,6aR)-1-((3-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)-5-phenyl-1,6a-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,2,3] triazole-4,6(3aH,5H)-diones (5a-k) was designed and synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of novel 5-azidomethyl 3-aryl substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles (4a-k) with N-phenyl maleimide. The structures of all the cycloadducts were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods and physical characteristics. The in vitro anti-protozoal and cytotoxic activities of these novel heterocyclic compounds were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Dürüst
- Department of Chemistry, Abant İzzet Baysal University, TR-14280 Bolu, Turkey.
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