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Kumar P, Tomar S, Kumar K, Kumar S. Transition metal complexes as self-activating chemical nucleases: proficient DNA cleavage without any exogenous redox agents. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6961-6977. [PMID: 37128993 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00368j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical nucleases have found potential applications in the research fields of chemistry, biotechnology and medicine. A variety of metal complexes have been explored as good to outstanding therapeutic agents for DNA cleavage activity most likely via hydrolytic, oxidative or photoinduced cleavage pathways. However, most of these DNA cleaving agents lack their utility in in vivo applications due to their dependence on exogenous oxidants or reductants to achieve successful DNA damage. In view of addressing these issues, the development of metal complexes/organic molecules serving as self-activating chemical nucleases has received growing attention from researchers. In only the last decade, this field has dramatically expanded for the usage of chemical nucleases as therapeutic agents for DNA damage. The present study provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges in the design and development of self-activating chemical nucleases as improved DNA therapeutic candidates in the absence of an external redox agent. The reports on DNA nuclease activity via self-activation, especially with copper, zinc and iron complexes, and their mechanistic investigation have been discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Mahamana Malviya College Khekra (Baghpat), C.C.S. University Meerut, India.
| | - Sunil Tomar
- Department of Zoology, Mahamana Malviya College Khekra (Baghpat), C.C.S. University Meerut, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru College, South Campus University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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2
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Bollinger A, Brandt O, Stettler L, Ream A, Kopysciansky V, Nelson C, Slitt A, Ma J, Ann Tom L, Ma H, Seeram NP, Henry GE. Sulfide-linked 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-thiosemicarbazide/triazole hybrids: Synthesis, antioxidant, antiglycation, DNA cleavage and DNA molecular docking studies. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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3
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Bonitto EP, McKeown BT, Goralski KB. Jadomycins: A potential chemotherapy for multi-drug resistant metastatic breast cancer. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00886. [PMID: 34708587 PMCID: PMC8551564 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer causes the most cancer fatalities in women worldwide. Approximately one-third of breast cancers metastasize, or spread from primary tumors to other tissues, and have a 70% 5-year mortality rate. Current breast cancer treatments like doxorubicin and paclitaxel become ineffective when breast cancer cells develop multi-drug resistance and overexpress ATP-binding cassette transporters, as the transporters cause a substantial efflux of the chemotherapies. Jadomycins, a group of molecules isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, are shown to be cytotoxic against a variety of cancers, especially breast cancer. Furthermore, jadomycins retain their cytotoxic properties in multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells, as they are not expelled through ATP-binding cassette transporters. Here, we describe the research that supports the potential use of jadomycins as a novel chemotherapy in the treatment of multi-drug resistant, metastatic breast cancer. We present the supportive findings, as well as the mechanisms of action investigated thus far. These include copper-mediated reactive oxygen species generation, aurora B kinase inhibition, and topoisomerase IIα and IIβ inhibition. We also suggest future directions of jadomycin research, which will help to determine if jadomycins can be used as a breast cancer chemotherapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P. Bonitto
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Brendan T. McKeown
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research InstituteHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Kerry B. Goralski
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research InstituteHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- College of PharmacyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Department of PediatricsDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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4
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Ribeiro N, Bulut I, Cevatemre B, Teixeira C, Yildizhan Y, André V, Adão P, Pessoa JC, Acilan C, Correia I. Cu(ii) and V(iv)O complexes with tri- or tetradentate ligands based on (2-hydroxybenzyl)-l-alanines reveal promising anticancer therapeutic potential. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:157-169. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03331f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
New CuII- and VIVO amino acid complexes show antiproliferative activity mediated by apoptosis and genomic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ipek Bulut
- Koç University
- Graduate School of Health Sciences
- Sariyer, 34450
- Turkey
| | - Buse Cevatemre
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM)
- Sariyer 34450
- Turkey
| | - Carlos Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Yasemin Yildizhan
- TUBITAK
- Marmara Research Center
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| | - Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Pedro Adão
- MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente
- Politécnico de Leiria
- 2520-630 Peniche
- Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ceyda Acilan
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM)
- Sariyer 34450
- Turkey
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
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5
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de Koning CB, Ngwira KJ, Rousseau AL. Biosynthesis, synthetic studies, and biological activities of the jadomycin alkaloids and related analogues. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 84:125-199. [PMID: 32416952 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The jadomycins are an expanding class of compounds produced from Streptomyces venezuelae, by diverting the normal biosynthesis which provides the antibiotic chloramphenicol. In the presence of amino acids, and either by heat shock, supplementation with ethanol, or when phage SV1 is added to the culture, the formation of substituted jadomycins and benzo[b]phenanthridines can be achieved. The first part of this review provides details of intermediates involved in the biosynthesis of the jadomycins and the related benzo[b]phenanthridines. Both the jadomycins and the benzo[b]phenanthridines share biosynthetic pathways with a large class of naturally occurring compounds known as the angucyclines. The biosynthetic pathways diverge when it is postulated that an intermediate quinone, such as 3-(2-formyl-6-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-8-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone-2-carboxylic acid is formed. The quinone then undergoes reactions with amino acids and derivatives in the culture medium to ultimately afford a library of jadomycins and a few benzo[b]phenanthridines. The second part of the review initially details synthetic efforts toward the synthesis of the naturally occurring benzo[b]phenanthridine, phenanthroviridin, and then outlines methods that have been used to assemble a selection of jadomycins. Total syntheses of jadomycin A and B, derived from l-isoleucine, are described. In addition, the synthesis of the aglycon of jadomycins M, W, S, and T is outlined. These four jadomycins were derived from l-methionine, l-tryptophan, l-serine and l-threonine respectively. As a result of these synthetic efforts, the structures of jadomycin S and T have been revised. The third part of the review describes the reported antibacterial and anticancer activities of both the jadomycins and some naturally occurring benzo[b]phenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B de Koning
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Kennedy J Ngwira
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amanda L Rousseau
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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6
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Forget SM, Robertson AW, Hall SR, MacLeod JM, Overy DP, Kerr RG, Goralski KB, Jakeman DL. Isolation of a jadomycin incorporating L-ornithine, analysis of antimicrobial activity and jadomycin reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 71:722-730. [PMID: 29700425 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the characterization and antimicrobial activity of a previously unreported jadomycin (1) obtained from a culture of S. venezuelae ISP5230 with L-ornithine (Orn). 1 arises from the rearrangement of a putative five-membered ring containing jadomycin incorporating Orn, whereby intramolecular attack of the E-ring carbonyl from the δ-NH2 group of the Orn side chain results in collapse of the oxazolone ring and formation of a stable six-membered lactam. This rearrangement produces a jadomycin with a 3a hemiaminal position that is susceptible to solvolysis. A structure-activity relationship is discussed based on the antimicrobial activity of 1 compared to previously reported jadomycins, providing evidence that the presence of a 3a hemiaminal enhances activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, assays to quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell viability were performed using a series of nine jadomycins. Compound 1 was found to produce the highest ROS activity and to possess the greatest cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Forget
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Andrew W Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Steven R Hall
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jeanna M MacLeod
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David L Jakeman
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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7
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Heravi MM, Ghalavand N, Ghanbarian M, Mohammadkhani L. Applications of Mitsunobu Reaction in total synthesis of natural products. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak, P.O. Box 1993893973 Tehran Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghalavand
- Department of Chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak, P.O. Box 1993893973 Tehran Iran
| | - Manizheh Ghanbarian
- Department of Chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak, P.O. Box 1993893973 Tehran Iran
| | - Leyla Mohammadkhani
- Department of Chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak, P.O. Box 1993893973 Tehran Iran
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8
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Abstract
The jadomycin family of natural products was discovered from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 in the 1990s. Subsequent identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster along with synthetic efforts established that incorporation of an amino acid into the polyaromatic angucycline core occurs non-enzymatically. Over two decades, the precursor-directed biosynthetic potential of the jadomycins has been heavily exploited, generating a library exceeding 70 compounds. This review compiles the jadomycins that have been isolated and characterized to date; these include jadomycins incorporating proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, semi-synthetic derivatives, biosynthetic shunt products, compounds isolated in structural gene deletion studies, and deoxysugar sugar variant jadomycins produced by deletion or heterologous expression of sugar biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna M. MacLeod
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X7, Canada
| | | | - David L. Jakeman
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Engineered jadomycin analogues with altered sugar moieties revealing JadS as a substrate flexible O-glycosyltransferase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5291-5300. [PMID: 28429060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs)-mediated glycodiversification studies have drawn significant attention recently, with the goal of generating bioactive compounds with improved pharmacological properties by diversifying the appended sugars. The key to achieving glycodiversification is to identify natural and/or engineered flexible GTs capable of acting upon a broad range of substrates. Here, we report the use of a combinatorial biosynthetic approach to probe the substrate flexibility of JadS, the GT in jadomycin biosynthesis, towards different non-native NDP-sugar substrates, enabling us to identify six jadomycin B analogues with different sugar moieties. Further structural engineering by precursor-directed biosynthesis allowed us to obtain 11 new jadomycin analogues. Our results for the first time show that JadS is a flexible O-GT that can utilize both L- and D- sugars as donor substrates, and tolerate structural changes at the C2, C4 and C6 positions of the sugar moiety. JadS may be further exploited to generate novel glycosylated jadomycin molecules in future glycodiversification studies.
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10
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Ngwira KJ, Rousseau AL, Johnson MM, de Koning CB. Reactions of [2-(2-Naphthyl)phenyl]acetylenes and 2-(2-Naphthyl)benzaldehydeO-Phenyloximes: Synthesis of the Angucycline Tetrangulol and 1,10,12-Trimethoxy-8-methylbenzo[c]phenanthridine. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy J. Ngwira
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Amanda L. Rousseau
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Myron M. Johnson
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Charles B. de Koning
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg South Africa
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11
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Novel methodology for the synthesis of the benzo[b]phenanthridine and 6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-6-one skeletons. Reactions of 2-naphthylbenzylamines and 2-naphthylbenzyl alcohols. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Hall SR, Blundon HL, Ladda MA, Robertson AW, Martinez-Farina CF, Jakeman DL, Goralski KB. Jadomycin breast cancer cytotoxicity is mediated by a copper-dependent, reactive oxygen species-inducing mechanism. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00110. [PMID: 25729577 PMCID: PMC4324684 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Jadomycins are natural products biosynthesized by the bacteria Streptomyces venezuelae which kill drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells in culture. Currently, the mechanisms of jadomycin cytotoxicity are poorly understood; however, reactive oxygen species (ROS)–induced DNA cleavage is suggested based on bacterial plasmid DNA cleavage studies. The objective of this study was to determine if and how ROS contribute to jadomycin cytotoxicity in drug-sensitive MCF7 (MCF7-CON) and taxol-resistant MCF7 (MCF7-TXL) breast cancer cells. As determined using an intracellular, fluorescent, ROS-detecting probe, jadomycins B, S, SPhG, and F dose dependently increased intracellular ROS activity 2.5- to 5.9-fold. Cotreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine lowered ROS concentrations to below baseline levels and decreased the corresponding cytotoxic potency of the four jadomycins 1.9- to 3.3-fold, confirming a ROS-mediated mechanism. Addition of CuSO4 enhanced, whereas addition of the Cu(II)-chelator d-penicillamine reduced, the ROS generation and cytotoxicity of each jadomycin. Specific inhibitors of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase, but not catalase, enhanced jadomycin-mediated ROS generation and anticancer activity. In conclusion, the results indicate that jadomycin cytotoxicity involves the generation of cytosolic superoxide via a Cu(II)-jadomycin reaction, a mechanism common to all jadomycins tested and observed in MCF7-CON and drug-resistant MCF7-TXL cells. The superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione, and peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin cellular antioxidant enzyme pathways scavenged intracellular ROS generated by jadomycin treatment. Blocking these antioxidant pathways could serve as a strategy to enhance jadomycin cytotoxic potency in drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Heather L Blundon
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Matthew A Ladda
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Andrew W Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Camilo F Martinez-Farina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - David L Jakeman
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2 ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2 ; College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
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15
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Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of new jadomycin derivatives reveals the potential to improve its selectivity against tumor cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 65:449-52. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Khodade VS, Dharmaraja AT, Chakrapani H. Synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation and copper-mediated nuclease activity profiles of 2-aryl-3-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3766-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Sharif EU, O’Doherty GA. Biosynthesis and Total Synthesis Studies on The Jadomycin Family of Natural Products. European J Org Chem 2012; 2012:10.1002/ejoc.201101609. [PMID: 24371430 PMCID: PMC3871192 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Jadomycins are unique angucycline polyketides, which are produced by soil bacteria Streptomyces venezuelae under specific nutrient and environmental conditions. Their unique structural complexity and biological activities have engendered extensive study of the jadomycin class of natural compounds in terms of biological activity, biosynthesis, and synthesis. This review outlines the recent developments in the study of the synthesis and biosynthesis of jadomycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehesan U. Sharif
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, Homepage: http://nuweb9.neu.edu/odoherty/
| | - George A. O’Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, Homepage: http://nuweb9.neu.edu/odoherty/
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Dupuis SN, Robertson AW, Veinot T, Monro SMA, Douglas SE, Syvitski RT, Goralski KB, McFarland SA, Jakeman DL. Synthetic diversification of natural products: semi-synthesis and evaluation of triazole jadomycins. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00663d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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