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Laamari Y, Oubella A, Bimoussa A, El Mansouri AE, Ketatni EM, Mentre O, Ait Itto MY, Morjani H, Khouili M, Auhmani A. Design, Hemiysnthesis, crystal structure and anticancer activity of 1, 2, 3-triazoles derivatives of totarol. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105165. [PMID: 34298240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new series of diverse triazoles linked to the hydroxyl group of totarol were synthesized using click chemistry approach. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by HRMS, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of compound 3 g was also confirmed by x-ray single crystal diffraction. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by the MTT method against four cancer cell lines, including fibrosarcoma HT-1080, lung carcinoma A-549 and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), and the results indicated that all compounds showed weak to moderate activities against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 14.44 to 46.25 μM. On the basis of our research the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds were discussed. This work provides some important hints for further structural modification of totarol towards developing novel and highly effective anticancer drugs respectively. It is interesting to note that compound 3 g indicated a very significant cytotoxicity against HT-1080 and A-549 cell lines. The molecular docking showed that compound 3 g activated the caspase-3 and inhibited tubulin by forming stable protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Laamari
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi-Ayyad, B.P 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco
| | - Ali Oubella
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi-Ayyad, B.P 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco
| | - Abdoullah Bimoussa
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi-Ayyad, B.P 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco
| | - Az-Eddine El Mansouri
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Semlalia, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco
| | - El Mostafa Ketatni
- Laboratory of Applied Spectro-Chemistry and the Environment, 10 University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, PO Box 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Olivier Mentre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS-Catalysis and Solid Chemistry Unit, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - My Youssef Ait Itto
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi-Ayyad, B.P 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco
| | - Hamid Morjani
- BioSpectroscopieTranslationnelle, BioSpecT - EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Mostafa Khouili
- Laboratory of Applied Spectro-Chemistry and the Environment, 10 University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, PO Box 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Aziz Auhmani
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi-Ayyad, B.P 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco.
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Xu Z, Krajewski S, Weindl T, Loeffler R, Li P, Han X, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Wendel HP, Scheideler L, Rupp F. Application of totarol as natural antibacterial coating on dental implants for prevention of peri-implantitis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110701. [PMID: 32204015 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is the most important issue threatening the long-term survival rate of dental implants. Various efforts have been made to reduce implant surface plaque formation, which is one of the essential causes of peri-implantitis. In our study, we applied the natural antibacterial agent totarol as a coating on experimental silicon wafer and titanium implant surfaces. To analyze the interaction between the totarol coating and the oral primary colonizer S. gordonii and isolates of mixed oral bacteria, samples were incubated in a model system simulating the oral environment and analyzed by Live/Dead staining, crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 4 d, 8 d, 12 d, 16 d, and 24 d salivary incubation, the stability and antibacterial efficiency of totarol coating was evaluated through SEM. The results indicated that totarol coatings on both silicon wafer and Ti surfaces caused efficient contact killing and an inhibition effect towards S. gordonii and mixed oral bacterial film growth after 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h incubation. After longtime salivary incubation of 12 d, the bactericidal effect started to weaken, but the anti-adhesion and inhibition effect to biofilm development still exist after 24 d of salivary incubation. The application of a totarol coating on implant or abutment surfaces is a promising potential prophylactic approach against peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqian Xu
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Krajewski
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Calwerstr. 7/1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Loeffler
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics (LISA(+)), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ping Li
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Xingting Han
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Wendel
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Calwerstr. 7/1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Scheideler
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Frank Rupp
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
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Development of a continuous flow synthesis of propranolol: tackling a competitive side reaction. J Flow Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tavares WR, Seca AML. The Current Status of the Pharmaceutical Potential of Juniperus L. Metabolites. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5030081. [PMID: 30065158 PMCID: PMC6165314 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Plants and their derived natural compounds possess various biological and therapeutic properties, which turns them into an increasing topic of interest and research. Juniperus genus is diverse in species, with several traditional medicines reported, and rich in natural compounds with potential for development of new drugs. Methods: The research for this review were based in the Scopus and Web of Science databases using terms combining Juniperus, secondary metabolites names, and biological activities. This is not an exhaustive review of Juniperus compounds with biological activities, but rather a critical selection taking into account the following criteria: (i) studies involving the most recent methodologies for quantitative evaluation of biological activities; and (ii) the compounds with the highest number of studies published in the last four years. Results: From Juniperus species, several diterpenes, flavonoids, and one lignan were emphasized taking into account their level of activity against several targets. Antitumor activity is by far the most studied, being followed by antibacterial and antiviral activities. Deoxypodophyllotoxin and one dehydroabietic acid derivative appears to be the most promising lead compounds. Conclusions: This review demonstrates the Juniperus species value as a source of secondary metabolites with relevant pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Ana M L Seca
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA-Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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Quiliano M, Mendoza A, Fong KY, Pabón A, Goldfarb NE, Fabing I, Vettorazzi A, López de Cerain A, Dunn BM, Garavito G, Wright DW, Deharo E, Pérez-Silanes S, Aldana I, Galiano S. Exploring the scope of new arylamino alcohol derivatives: Synthesis, antimalarial evaluation, toxicological studies, and target exploration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 6:184-198. [PMID: 27718413 PMCID: PMC5061469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of new 1-aryl-3-substituted propanol derivatives followed by structure-activity relationship, in silico drug-likeness, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, in silico metabolism, in silico pharmacophore modeling, and in vivo studies led to the identification of compounds 22 and 23 with significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity against drug sensitive (D6 IC50 ≤ 0.19 μM) and multidrug resistant (FCR-3 IC50 ≤ 0.40 μM and C235 IC50 ≤ 0.28 μM) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Adequate selectivity index and absence of genotoxicity was also observed. Notably, compound 22 displays excellent parasitemia reduction (98 ± 1%), and complete cure with all treated mice surviving through the entire period with no signs of toxicity. One important factor is the agreement between in vitro potency and in vivo studies. Target exploration was performed; this chemotype series exhibits an alternative antimalarial mechanism. New aryl-substituted propanol derivatives (APD) show promising antimalarial activity. γ-amino alcohol moiety is significant antimalarial chemotype. Compound 22 displays excellent in vivo parasitemia reduction (98%) and complete cure. APD are active against drug sensitive and multidrug resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quiliano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Adela Mendoza
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Kim Y Fong
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Adriana Pabón
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nathan E Goldfarb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Isabelle Fabing
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB - UMR5068, CNRS - Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Ben M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Giovanny Garavito
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia (DFUNC), Grupo de investigación FaMeTra (Farmacología de la Medicina tradicional y popular), Carrera 30 45-03, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - David W Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Université Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aldana
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Silvia Galiano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
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Malík I, Csöllei J, Jampílek J, Stanzel L, Zadražilová I, Hošek J, Pospíšilová Š, Čížek A, Coffey A, O'Mahony J. The Structure-Antimicrobial Activity Relationships of a Promising Class of the Compounds Containing the N-Arylpiperazine Scaffold. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101274. [PMID: 27681720 PMCID: PMC6273431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was focused on in silico characterization and in vitro biological testing of the series of the compounds carrying a N-arylpiperazine moiety. The in silico investigation was based on the prediction of electronic, steric and lipohydrophilic features. The molecules were screened against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis CIT03, M. smegmatis ATCC 700084, M. kansasii DSM 44162, M. marinum CAMP 5644, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, methicillin-resistant S. aureus 63718, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Candida albicans CCM 8261, C. parapsilosis CCM 8260 and C. krusei CCM 8271, respectively, by standardized microdilution methods. The eventual antiproliferative (cytotoxic) impact of those compounds was examined on a human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line, as a part of the biological study. Promising potential against M. kansasii was found for 1-[3-(3-ethoxyphenylcarbamoyl)oxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-ium chloride (MIC = 31.75 μM), which was comparable to the activity of isoniazid (INH; MIC = 29.17 μM). Moreover, 1-{2-hydroxy-3-(3-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)oxy)propyl}-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-ium chloride was even more effective (MIC = 17.62 μM) against given mycobacterium. Among the tested N-arylpiperazines, 1-{2-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)oxy)propyl}-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-ium chloride was the most efficient against M. marinum (MIC = 65.32 μM). One of the common features of all investigated substances was their insignificant antiproliferative (i.e., non-cytotoxic) effect. The study discussed structure–antimicrobial activity relationships considering electronic, steric and lipophilic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Malík
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, Bratislava SK-832 32, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jozef Csöllei
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Palackého 1946/1, Brno CZ-612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Jampílek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, Bratislava SK-832 32, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lukáš Stanzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, Bratislava SK-832 32, Slovak Republic.
| | - Iveta Zadražilová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Palackého 1946/1, Brno CZ-612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Hošek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Palackého 1946/1, Brno CZ-612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Palackého 1946/1, Brno CZ-612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Alois Čížek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Palackého 1946/1, Brno CZ-612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, Ireland.
| | - Jim O'Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, Ireland.
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Oubabi R, Auhmani A, Ait Itto MY, Auhmani A, Daran JC. (4bS,8aS)-1-Isopropyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octa-hydro-phenan-thren-2-yl benzoate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o866-7. [PMID: 25249914 PMCID: PMC4158506 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814015827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C27H34O2, was hemisynthesized through direct benzoyl-ation of the naturally occurring meroterpene totarol. The central fused six-membered ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the terminal six-membered ring displays a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the fused benzene ring and the benzoyl benzene ring is 73.05 (14)°. The S,S chirality of the mol-ecule is consistent with the synthetic pathway, and confirmed by the refinement of the Flack parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radouane Oubabi
- Laboratoire de Synthése Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390 Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Aziz Auhmani
- Laboratoire de Synthése Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390 Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - My Youssef Ait Itto
- Laboratoire de Synthése Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390 Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelwahed Auhmani
- Laboratoire de Synthése Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390 Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Jean-Claude Daran
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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8
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Oubabi R, Auhmani A, Ait Itto MY, Auhmani A, Daran JC. (4bS,8aS)-1-Isopropyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octa-hydro-phenan-thren-2-yl acetate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o317. [PMID: 24765017 PMCID: PMC3998421 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814002748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hemisynthesis of the title compound, C22H32O2, was carried out through direct acetylation reaction of the naturally occurring diterpene totarol [systematic name: (4bS,8aS)-4b,8,8-trimethyl-1-propan-2-yl-5,6,7,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthren-2-ol]. The molecule is built up from three fused six membered rings, one saturated and two unsaturated. The central unsaturated ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the other unsaturated ring displays a chair conformation. The absolute configuration is deduced from the chemical pathway. The value of the Hooft parameter [−0.10 (6)] allowed this absolute configuration to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radouane Oubabi
- Laboratoire de Synthése Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, BP 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Aziz Auhmani
- Laboratoire de Synthése Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, BP 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - My Youssef Ait Itto
- Laboratoire de Synthése Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, BP 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelwahed Auhmani
- Laboratoire de Synthése Organique et Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, BP 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Jean-Claude Daran
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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Gao Z, Davis L, Chiang Y, Munson R, Hendrix JA. Regioselective assembly of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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