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Ipe R, Oh JM, Kumar S, Ahmad I, Nath LR, Bindra S, Patel H, Kolachi KY, Prabhakaran P, Gahtori P, Syed A, Elgorbanh AM, Kim H, Mathew B. Inhibition of monoamine oxidases and neuroprotective effects: chalcones vs. chromones. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10959-w. [PMID: 39145880 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Eighteen compounds derived from two sub-series, (HC1-HC9) and (HF1-HF9), were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO). HC (chalcone) series showed higher inhibitory activity against MAO-B than against MAO-A, whereas the HF (chromone) series showed reversed inhibitory activity. Compound HC4 most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.040 μM, followed by HC3 (IC50 = 0.049 μM), while compound HF4 most potently inhibited MAO-A (IC50 = 0.046 μM), followed by HF2 (IC50 = 0.075 μM). The selectivity index (SI) values of HC4 and HF4 were 50.40 and 0.59, respectively. Structurally, HC4 (4-OC2H5 in B-ring) showed higher MAO-B inhibition than other derivatives, suggesting that the -OC2H5 substitution of the 4-position in the B-ring contributes to the increase of MAO-B inhibition, especially -OC2H5 (HC4) > -OCH3 (HC3) > -F (HC7) > -CH3 (HC2) > -Br (HC8) > -H (HC1) in order. In MAO-A inhibition, the substituent 4-OC2H5 in the B-ring of HF4 contributed to an increase in inhibitory activity, followed by -CH3 (HF2), -F (HF7), -Br (HF8), -OCH3 (HF3), and-H (HF1). In the enzyme kinetics and reversibility study, the Ki value of HC4 for MAO-B was 0.035 ± 0.005 μM, and that of HF4 for MAO-A was 0.035 ± 0.005 μM, and both were reversible competitive inhibitors. We confirmed that HC4 and HF4 significantly ameliorated rotenone-induced neurotoxicity, as evidenced by the reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase assays. This study also supports the significant effect of HC4 and HF4 on mitochondrial membrane potential in rotenone-induced toxicity. A lead molecule was used for molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies. These results show that HC4 is a potent selective MAO-B inhibitor and HF4 is a potent MAO-A inhibitor, suggesting that both compounds can be used as treatment agents for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Maharashtra, 424002, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Sandeep Bindra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Krishna Yallappa Kolachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Prabitha Prabhakaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Prashant Gahtori
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorbanh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Abu-Hashem AA, Hakami O, El-Shazly M, El-Nashar HAS, Yousif MNM. Caffeine and Purine Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review on the Chemistry, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthesis-Related Reactions, Biomedical Prospectives and Clinical Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400050. [PMID: 38719741 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Caffeine and purine derivatives represent interesting chemical moieties, which show various biological activities. Caffeine is an alkaloid that belongs to the family of methylxanthine alkaloids and it is present in food, beverages, and drugs. Coffee, tea, and some other beverages are a major source of caffeine in the human diet. Caffeine can be extracted from tea or coffee using hot water with dichloromethane or chloroform and the leftover is known as decaffeinated coffee or tea. Caffeine and its derivatives were synthesized via different procedures on small and large scales. It competitively antagonizes the adenosine receptors (ARs), which are G protein-coupled receptors largely distributed in the human body, including the heart, vessels, brain, and kidneys. Recently, many reports showed the effect of caffeine derivatives in the treatment of many diseases such as Alzheimer's, asthma, parkinsonism, and cancer. Also, it is used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hypocholesterolemic agent. The present review article discusses the synthesis, reactivity, and biological and pharmacological properties of caffeine and its derivatives. The biosynthesis and biotransformation of caffeine in coffee and tea leaves and the human body were summarized in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen A Abu-Hashem
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 45142 and 2097, Jazan, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Hakami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 45142 and 2097, Jazan, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud N M Yousif
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Lv Y, Zheng Z, Liu R, Guo J, Zhang C, Xie Y. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors based on natural privileged scaffolds: A review of systematically structural modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126158. [PMID: 37549764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase is a flavin enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. Various toxic by-products, aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide produced during the catalytic process, can cause oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. Overexpression of MAO-B and insufficient dopamine concentration are recognized as pathological factors in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the inhibition of MAO-B is an attractive target for the treatment of NDs. Despite significant efforts, few selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitors have been clinically approved. Natural products have emerged as valuable sources of lead compounds in drug discovery. Compounds such as chromone, coumarin, chalcone, caffeine, and aurone, present in natural structures, are considered as privileged scaffolds in the synthesis of MAO-B inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of MAO-B inhibitors based on the naturally privileged scaffolds over the past 20 years. Additionally, we proposed a balanced discussion on the advantages and limitations of natural scaffold-based MAO-B inhibitors with providing a future perspective in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, China.
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4
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Soltani Rad MN, Behrouz S, Aghajani S, Behrouz M, Zarenezhad E, Ghanbariasad A. Design, synthesis, anticancer and in silico assessment of 8-caffeinyl-triazolylmethoxy hybrid conjugates. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3056-3070. [PMID: 36756447 PMCID: PMC9850771 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07683g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research the synthesis, characterization, anticancer and the cytotoxicity assessments of novel 8-caffeinyl-triazolylmethoxy hybrid conjugates have been described. These compounds are the first caffeine-1,2,3-triazolyl hybrid molecules that structurally are composed of three compartments comprising caffeinyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl and N-alkyl/aryl residues. The in vitro evaluations of synthesized compounds on cancer cell lines, including two breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 (ATCC HTB-22), MCF-7 (ATCC HTB-22), melanoma cell line A-375 (ATCC CRL-1619) and normal cell line HEK-293 (ATCC CRL-11268) have determined that 22c (IC50 < 12.5 μM) demonstrated potent activity against A375 and its toxicity is even stronger than methotrexate (MTX) as a standard drug. Additionally, 22c involves more selectivity than MTX regarding its non-toxicity for the HEK-293 cell line. Among the tested compounds against two breast cancer cell lines, 22f (IC50 = 136 ± 0.2 and 126 ± 0.6 μM for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468, respectively) and 22i (IC50 = 165 ± 1.8 and 175 ± 1.4 μM for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468, respectively) were the most potent compounds but their activities were less than MTX, moreover 22f showed more selectivity regarding its lower toxicity against HEK-293. Overall, 22f displayed general toxicity and selectivity on all tested cancer cell lines. The in silico physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profile, and drug likeness predictions were also carried out for all the studied compounds. Most new compounds exhibited zero violation of Lipinski's rule (RO5). A molecular docking study was also conducted to predict the binding mode and the interaction of 22c as the most active anti-melanoma entry with B-RAF V600E kinase enzyme. The docking results determined that 22c exhibited a strong binding affinity to the active site of the enzyme. These findings demonstrated 22c and 22f as potential future anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz 71555-313 Iran +98 71 3735 4520 +98 71 3735 4500
| | - Somayeh Behrouz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz 71555-313 Iran +98 71 3735 4520 +98 71 3735 4500
| | - Saleh Aghajani
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz 71555-313 Iran +98 71 3735 4520 +98 71 3735 4500
| | - Marzieh Behrouz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz 71555-313 Iran +98 71 3735 4520 +98 71 3735 4500
| | - Elham Zarenezhad
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
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Lin D, Krishnamurti V, Prakash S. Visible Light Mediated Metal‐free Chlorodifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes via a Hypervalent Iodine EDA Complex. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lin
- University of Southern California Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute UNITED STATES
| | - Vinayak Krishnamurti
- University of Southern California Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute UNITED STATES
| | - Surya Prakash
- University of Southern California Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute 837 Bloom WalkUniversity Park 90089-1661 Los Angeles UNITED STATES
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6
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Zhang T, Li S, Zhou C, Wang X, Zhang M, Gao Z, Li G. Site-Selective C—H Iodination of Phenol Derivatives Using Aryl Iodide as Iodinating Reagent. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Valkova I, Mitkov J, Georgieva M, Zlatkov A. In silico analysis of monoamine oxidase B inhibitory activity of 8-substituted xanthine derivatives. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2020. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2020.66.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Valkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Dunav st., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Javor Mitkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Dunav st., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Georgieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Dunav st., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Zlatkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Dunav st., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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8
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Tellone E, Galtieri A, Russo A, Ficarra S. Protective Effects of the Caffeine Against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5137-5151. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171009104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Recent studies and increased interest of the scientific community helped to
clarify the neurological health property of caffeine, one of the pharmacologically active substances
most consumed in the world.
Methods:
This article is a review search to provide an overview on the current state of understanding
neurobiochemical impact of caffeine, focusing on the ability of the drug to effectively counteract several
neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases, Multiple
sclerosis and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Results:
Data collection shown in this review provide a significant therapeutic and prophylactic potentiality
of caffeine which acts on human brain through several pathways because of its antioxidant activity
combined with multiple molecular targets. However, the need to adjust the CF dosage to individuals,
because some people are more sensitive to drugs than others, may constituted a limit to the CF effectiveness.
Conclusion:
What emerges from the complex of clinical and epidemiological studies is a significant CF
potential impact against all neurological disorders. Although, further studies are needed to fully elucidate
the several mechanisms of drug action which in part are still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Tellone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V. le Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Galtieri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V. le Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V. le Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Ficarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V. le Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Guglielmi P, Carradori S, Poli G, Secci D, Cirilli R, Rotondi G, Chimenti P, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition of a Small Library of 1-acetyl- and 1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazoles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030484. [PMID: 30700029 PMCID: PMC6384781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
New N-acetyl/N-thiocarbamoylpyrazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized in high yields to assess their inhibitory activity and selectivity against human monoamine oxidase A and B. The most important chiral compounds were separated into their single enantiomers and tested. The impact of the substituents at N1, C3 and C5 positions as well the influence of the configuration of the C5 on the biological activity were analyzed. Bulky aromatic groups at C5 were not tolerated. p-Prenyloxyaryl moiety at C3 oriented the selectivity toward the B isoform. The results were also corroborated by molecular modelling studies providing new suggestions for the synthesis of privileged structures to serve as lead compounds for the treatment of mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Rotondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Dhiman P, Malik N, Khatkar A. 3D-QSAR and in-silico Studies of Natural Products and Related Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:881-900. [PMID: 29189167 PMCID: PMC6080100 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171128143650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The computational development of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors led to advancement in drug design and the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. The computational development of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors led to advancement in drug design and the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Different natural heterocyclic structures are reported to display selective MAO inhibitory activity by preclinical and in-silico modeling. OBJECTIVE Currently, the major interest is devoted to the study of natural based therapeutic agents from the different categories. Therefore, we presenting the review to critically discuss and outline the recent advances in our knowledge on the importance of natural and natural based ligand-MAO insilico methods for novel MAO inhibitors. DISCUSSION Several natural and related synthetic heterocyclic compounds such as coumarins, β- carboline, piperine, naphthoquinone, morpholine, caffeine, amphetamine moreover flavonoids, chalcones, xanthones, curcumin are discussed for their MAO inhibitory profile along with molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. CONCLUSION It is clear that, by this computational drug design approach, more particular, reversible and potent compounds can be proposed as MAO inhibitors by exact changes on the fundamental framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dhiman
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
| | - Neelam Malik
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
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Selected C8 two-chain linkers enhance the adenosine A1/A2A receptor affinity and selectivity of caffeine. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:652-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Harmse R, van der Walt MM, Petzer JP, Terre’Blanche G. Discovery of 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine derivatives as novel adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5951-5955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Design and synthesis of novel chalcones as potent selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee D, Lee S, Liu KH, Bae JS, Baek DJ, Lee T. Solid-Phase Synthesis of 1,3,7,8-Tetrasubstituted Xanthine Derivatives on Traceless Solid Support. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:70-4. [PMID: 26616892 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted xanthine (1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted 1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione) derivatives has been developed. The solid-phase synthetic route began on a solid supported N'-cyano-N-substituted carbamimidothioate, which was prepared from cyanamide, isothiocyanate, and Merrifield resin. After N-alkylation of carbamimidothioate resin with ethyl 2-bromoacetate, an imidazole ring is introduced by Thorpe-Ziegler-type cyclization. The resulting imidazole resin is converted to 1,3,7-trisubstituted xanthine resin using sequential reactions, such as Lewis acid-catalyzed urea formation, pyrimidine ring cyclization, and N-alkylation. After oxidation of sulfides to sulfones, traceless cleavage with amine or thiol nucleophiles afforded the desired 1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted xanthines in good purities and overall yields (eight-steps; 36 examples). This efficient solid-phase synthesis enables the incorporation of four diversity points into the preparation of the 1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted xanthines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doohyun Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College
of Pharmacy, Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, 1666 Youngsan-ro, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a relationship between the human MAO-B (hMAO-B) enzyme and neuropsychiatric/degenerative disorder, personality traits, type II alcoholism, borderline personality disorders, aggressiveness and violence in crime, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, suicide, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, migraine, dementia, and PD. Thus, MAO-B represents an attractive target for the treatment of a number of human diseases. The discovery, development, and therapeutic use of drugs that inhibit MAO-B are major challenges for future therapy. Various compounds and drugs that selectively target this isoform have been discovered recently. These agents are synthetic compounds or natural products and their analogues, including chalcones, pyrazoles, chromones, coumarins, xanthines, isatin derivatives, thiazolidindiones, (thiazol-2-yl)hydrazones, and analogues of marketed drugs. Despite considerable efforts in understanding the binding interaction with specific substrates or inhibitors, structural information available for the rational design of new hMAO-B inhibitors remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the quest for novel, potent, and selective hMAO-B inhibitors remains of high interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carradori
- Dipartimento Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Dipartimento Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Van der Walt MM, Terre’Blanche G, Petzer A, Lourens AC, Petzer JP. The adenosine A2A antagonistic properties of selected C8-substituted xanthines. Bioorg Chem 2013; 49:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Pisani L, Barletta M, Soto-Otero R, Nicolotti O, Mendez-Alvarez E, Catto M, Introcaso A, Stefanachi A, Cellamare S, Altomare C, Carotti A. Discovery, Biological Evaluation, and Structure–Activity and −Selectivity Relationships of 6′-Substituted (E)-2-(Benzofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)-N-methylacetamides, a Novel Class of Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2651-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pisani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Barletta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
| | - Ramon Soto-Otero
- Grupo de Neuroquimica,
Departamento
de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco
I, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
| | - Estefania Mendez-Alvarez
- Grupo de Neuroquimica,
Departamento
de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco
I, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marco Catto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
| | - Antonellina Introcaso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Cellamare
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Altomare
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Carotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia −
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125
Bari, Italy
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