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Seno Y, Matsushita T, Marhbubul HM, Ali MI, Mahmud MM, Mandai T, Nemoto H. Storable protection-free BGL reagents possessing a bioorthogonal functional group at apex. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Miyamoto L, Abe S, Nemoto H, Tsuchiya K. [Conjugation to Branched Glycerol Oligomers, a Novel Strategy for Extremely Hydrophobic Agents]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:1001-1006. [PMID: 32741857 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ascertaining the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile of drugs is one of the most crucial factors in the process of drug discovery. Since it is important to combine water solubility and cell permeability within the compound to achieve the desired ADME properties, an appropriate balance between lipophilicity and hydrophilicity is required. It is often necessary to facilitate hydrophilicity of very hydrophobic candidates, because quite lipophobic molecules are rarely hit as positive in molecular-targeted or cell-based screenings. For that purpose, it has been popular to conjugate hydrophobic molecules with polyethylene glycol (PEG). However, PEG is a polymer, and PEG-conjugated molecules are not uniform. Besides, the dosage should be much increased compared with the original molecule due to the increase in molecular weight. Therefore we have been developing alternative ways to endow hydrophobic compounds with extra hydrophilicity by conjugating with symmetrically branched glycerol oligomers. This technology is versatile and easily applicable to various hydrophobic compounds. Water-solubility of fenofibrate, one of the most hydrophobic medicines in clinical use, was facilitated by a factor of more than 2000, and its lipid-lowering effect in vivo improved more than ten-fold, by simply conjugating with branched glycerol trimer, for instance. Here we will briefly introduce the basic concepts and our successful experiences of applying branched glycerol oligomers including antitumor agents in terms of water-solubility, pharmacological effects, and pharmacokinetics, and merits and current issues will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licht Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Shinji Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Hisao Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
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Tsuchihashi Y, Abe S, Miyamoto L, Tsunematsu H, Izumi T, Hatano A, Okuno H, Yamane M, Yasuoka T, Ikeda Y, Tsuchiya K. Novel Hydrophilic Camptothecin Derivatives Conjugated to Branched Glycerol Trimer Suppress Tumor Growth without Causing Diarrhea in Murine Xenograft Models of Human Lung Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1049-1058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsuchihashi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Department of Bioorganic Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Honoka Tsunematsu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Izumi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Aya Hatano
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okuno
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamane
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Yasuoka
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Scherz LF, Abdel-Rahman EA, Ali SS, Schlüter AD, Abdel-Rahman MA. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activity of water-soluble quinones with dibromo- p-benzoquinone cores and amino oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:662-672. [PMID: 30108784 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel quinones was synthesized by reacting tetrabromo-p-benzoquinone with amino oligo(ethylene glycol) dendrons of generation numbers g = 0-2. According to the performed shake-flask experiments, their aqueous solubility (S = 18 mg l-1-1.6 g ml-1) and partition coefficients (log Poct/wat = 2.53-0.21) can be tuned in a wide range as a function of g. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of tetrabromo-p-benzoquinone and its derivatives against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells showed a concentration- and generation-specific biological activity with IC50-values as low as 0.8 μM. Further investigations revealed a considerable selectivity against cancer cells, as indicated by a weak cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells (>80% survival) within the studied range of concentrations. The results demonstrate that these novel amino oligo(ethylene glycol) dendrons depict versatile tools to ameliorate physical and pharmacological characteristics of extremely hydrophobic molecules and make them susceptible to biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon F Scherz
- Institute of Polymers , Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Engy A Abdel-Rahman
- Pharmacology Department , Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , 71515 Assiut , Egypt.,Center for Aging and Associated Diseases , Helmy Institute of Medical Science , Zewail City of Science and Technology , 12588 Giza , Egypt
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases , Helmy Institute of Medical Science , Zewail City of Science and Technology , 12588 Giza , Egypt
| | - A Dieter Schlüter
- Institute of Polymers , Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Mona A Abdel-Rahman
- Chemistry Department , Polymer Lab. 109 , Faculty of Science , Assiut University , 71516 Assiut , Egypt .
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Miyamoto L. Novel Strategies for Treating Lifestyle-related Diseases Using Various Approaches. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:751-9. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Licht Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Frontier Laboratories for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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Miyamoto L. Can food factors provide Us with the similar beneficial effects of physical exercise? Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:9-13. [PMID: 30263480 PMCID: PMC6049404 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have got global health issues. Physical exercise as well as diet therapy is a potent strategy for fighting against the diseases. However, it is often difficult to continue to keep exercise regularly enough to take sufficient effect. Thus, good substitutes for the therapeutic exercise would be greatly beneficial. Recent studies have suggested that 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play important roles in the metabolic alterations by muscle contraction. The notion that AMPK mediates broad effects of physical exercise has been widely accepted, though it has been challenged by observations in some genetically AMPK-disrupted animals. We have demonstrated metabolome-wide significance of AMPK activation in contracting muscles. Thus, pharmacological activation of AMPK can be a promising way to obtain similar effects of the exercise. The relevance of AMPK will be introduced, and possible strategies for obtaining similar effects to the exercise from food factors will be discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licht Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Frontier Laboratories for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Miyamoto L, Watanabe M, Tomida Y, Kono M, Fujii S, Matsushita T, Hattori H, Ishizawa K, Nemoto H, Tsuchiya K. Acute oral toxicity evaluation of symmetrically branched glycerol trimer in ddY mice. J Toxicol Sci 2013. [PMID: 23208440 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic-hydrophilic balance is a quite important determinant of pharmacokinetic properties of pharmaceuticals. Thus it is a key step to successfully manage lipophilic-hydrophilic balance in drug design. We have designed unique modular molecules, symmetrically branched oligoglycerols (BGL) as an alternative means to endow hydrophobic molecules with much hydrophilicity. We have succeeded in improving the water-solubility of several hydrophobic medicinal small molecules and thermal stability of artificial protein by covalent conjugation to BGL. We have also demonstrated that a representative BGL, symmetrically branched glycerol trimer (BGL003) does not exhibit significant cytotoxicity against human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. However, there have been no reports suggesting whether BGL could be used in safety in vivo. Therefore, evaluation of acute oral toxicity of BGL003 in healthy mice was conducted. Here we demonstrate that an oral administration of BGL003 did not exhibit acute lethal toxicity up to 3,000 mg/kg. Body weight, food intake, blood glucose levels and weights of tissues were not affected by a short-term repetitive administration of increasing doses of BGL003. Biochemical indications related to hepatic disorders and tissue damage were unchanged, either. A single administration study revealed that 50% lethal dose of BGL003 should be more than 2,000 mg/kg. BGL003 will be safe and suitable approach to improve hydrophilicity of hydrophobic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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Miyamoto L, Watanabe M, Taoka C, Kono M, Tomida Y, Matsushita T, Kamiya M, Hattori H, Ishizawa K, Abe S, Nemoto H, Tsuchiya K. A novel prodrug strategy for extremely hydrophobic agents: conjugation to symmetrically branched glycerol trimer improves pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of fenofibrate. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2723-9. [PMID: 23672178 DOI: 10.1021/mp400133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Management of a lipophilic-hydrophilic balance is a key element in drug design to achieve desirable pharmacokinetic characters. Therefore we have created unique modular molecules, symmetrically branched oligoglycerols (BGL), as an alternative way to endow hydrophobic molecules with sufficient hydrophilicity. We have successfully demonstrated amelioration of the water solubility and thermal stability of several hydrophobic agents by covalent conjugation to BGL so far. However, it has not been clarified whether the molecular modification by BGL also improves the pharmacological and/or pharmacokinetic properties indeed. Recently, we synthesized a novel BGL-prodrug derivative of fenofibrate, which is an antihyperlipidemic agent and one of the most hydrophobic medicinal compounds currently used clinically, by conjugating fenofibric acid to symmetrically branched glycerol trimer (BGL003), the simplest BGL. We have previously demonstrated that the hydrophilicity and water solubility of fenofibrate are improved more than 2000 times just by conjugation to the BGL003. To verify our hypothesis that the prodrug strategy with BGL should improve pharmacological efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of extremely hydrophobic agents such as fenofibrate by the rise in hydrophilicity, we evaluated the BGL003-prodrug derivative of fenofibrate (FF-BGL) using rodent models. Here we demonstrate that the lipid-lowering effects of fenofibrate are much potentiated by chemical conjugation to BGL003 without exhibiting significant toxicity. Plasma concentration of fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, after single oral administration of FF-BGL was more than 3 times higher than that of fenofibrate, in accordance. In fasting rats, plasma concentration of fenofibric acid after fenofibrate administration was curtailed into less than half of that in ad libitum-fed rats, while FF-BGL showed about the same plasma level even in the starving rats. This is the first report showing that BGL-prodrug improves pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties as well as hydrophilicity of highly hydrophobic compounds. Furthermore, prodrug strategy using BGL suggests the possibility of diminishing the food-drug interaction effects, which should be advantageous for promoting drug compliance. BGL will be a suitable prodrug strategy to ameliorate physical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of extremely hydrophobic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licht Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Frontier Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Miyamoto L, Watanabe M, Kono M, Matsushita T, Hattori H, Ishizawa K, Nemoto H, Tsuchiya K. Cytotoxicity evaluation of symmetrically branched glycerol trimer in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 37:1059-63. [PMID: 23038013 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate balance between lipophilicity and hydrophilicity is necessary for pharmaceuticals to achieve fine Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) properties including absorption and distribution, in particular. We have designed and proposed symmetrically branched oligoglycerols (BGL) as an alternative approach to improve the lipophilic-hydrophilic balance. We have previously shown that stability in circulation and water-solubility of such molecules as proteins, liposomes and hydrophobic compounds are much improved by conjugation to BGL. Albeit these successful applications of BGL, little was known whether BGL could be used in safety. Thus we conducted evaluation of the cytotoxicity of a representative BGL, symmetrically branched glycerol trimer (BGL003) in the cultured cells to clarify its biological safeness. Here we demonstrate that water-solubility of an extremely hydrophobic agent, fenofibrate was more than 2,000-fold improved just by conjugated with BGL003. BGL003 did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Thus BGL003 should be safe and suitable strategy to endow hydrophobic molecules with much hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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