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Mooney DT, Moore PR, Lee AL. Direct Minisci-Type C–H Amidation of Purine Bases. Org Lett 2022; 24:8008-8013. [PMID: 36285836 PMCID: PMC9641672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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A method for the C–H carboxyamidation of purines
has been
developed that is capable of directly installing primary, secondary,
and tertiary amides. Previous Minisci-type investigations on purines
were limited to alkylations and arylations. Herein, we present the
first method for the direct C–H amidation of a wide range of
purines: xanthine, guanine, and adenine structures, including guanosine-
and adenosine-type nucleosides. The Minisci-type reaction is also
metal-free, cheap, operationally simple, scalable, and applicable
to late-stage functionalizations of biologically important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Mooney
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, U.K
| | - Peter R. Moore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA England, U.K
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, U.K
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2
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Paramel GV, Lindkvist M, Idosa BA, Sebina LS, Kardeby C, Fotopoulou T, Pournara D, Kritsi E, Ifanti E, Zervou M, Koufaki M, Grenegård M, Fransén K. Novel purine analogues regulate IL-1β release via inhibition of JAK activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 929:175128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kardeby C, Paramel GV, Pournara D, Fotopoulou T, Sirsjö A, Koufaki M, Fransén K, Grenegård M. A novel purine analogue bearing nitrate ester prevents platelet activation by ROCK activity inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172428. [PMID: 31175850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural purines like ATP, ADP and adenosine have crucial roles in platelet physiology. This knowledge has been significant in drug development and today ADP receptor antagonists are widely used for prevention of thrombotic events following myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Recent studies have shown that a purine analogue bearing nitrate ester group (denoted MK128) has anti-inflammatory effects probably due to its ability to donate nitric oxide (NO). However, other pharmacological mechanisms may contribute to the observed effect. The aim of the present study was to establish the anti-platelet activity and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of the purine analogue MK128. We found that MK128 reduced aggregation and secretion induced by the thrombin receptor agonist SFLLRN and nearly abolished aggregation and secretion induced by thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and collagen receptor agonists. The inhibition took place despite blockage of the NO/cGMP signalling system. Furthermore, interaction between MK128 and platelet purinergic receptors did not explain the observed inhibition. Instead, we found that MK128 concentration-dependently inhibited Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), which led to decreased ROCK-dependent myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT)-1 phosphorylation and suppression of platelet functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kardeby
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Geena V Paramel
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Pournara
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Theano Fotopoulou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Koufaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Karin Fransén
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Grenegård
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Smiljkovic M, Matsoukas MT, Kritsi E, Zelenko U, Grdadolnik SG, Calhelha RC, Ferreira ICFR, Sankovic-Babic S, Glamoclija J, Fotopoulou T, Koufaki M, Zoumpoulakis P, Sokovic M. Nitrate Esters of Heteroaromatic Compounds as Candida albicans CYP51 Enzyme Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:251-258. [PMID: 29235267 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four heteroaromatic compounds bearing nitrate esters were selected using a virtual-screening procedure as putative sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) Candida albicans inhibitors. Compounds were examined for their inhibition on C. albicans growth and biofilm formation as well as for their toxicity. NMR spectroscopy studies, in silico docking, and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate further the selectivity of these compounds to fungal CYP51. All compounds exhibited good antimicrobial properties, indicated with low minimal inhibitory concentrations and ability to inhibit formation of fungal biofilm. Moreover, all of the compounds had the ability to inhibit growth of C. albicans cells. N-(2-Nitrooxyethyl)-1Η-indole-2-carboxamide was the only compound with selectivity on C. albicans CYP51 that did not exhibit cytotoxic effect on cells isolated from liver and should be further investigated for selective application in new leads for the treatment of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Smiljkovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Minos-Timotheos Matsoukas
- Cloudpharm P.C., Monumental Plaza, Building C, Kifissias Avenue 44, Marousi, 15125, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26500, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Eftichia Kritsi
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Urska Zelenko
- Department of Biomolecular Structure, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Golic Grdadolnik
- Department of Biomolecular Structure, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO, ESA), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Aplónia, 5300253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO, ESA), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Aplónia, 5300253, Bragança, Portugal
| | | | - Jasmina Glamoclija
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Theano Fotopoulou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Koufaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bibli SI, Iliodromitis EK, Lambertucci C, Zoga A, Lougiakis N, Dagres N, Volpini R, Dal Ben D, Kremastinos DT, Tsantili Kakoulidou A, Cristalli G, Andreadou I. Pharmacological postconditioning of the rabbit heart with non-selective, A1, A2A and A3 adenosine receptor agonists. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1140-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We investigated the effects of novel selective and non-selective adenosine receptor agonists (ARs) on cardioprotection.
Methods
Male rabbits divided into six groups were subjected to 30-min heart ischaemia and 3-h reperfusion: (1) control group, (2) postconditioning (PostC) group, (3) group A: treated with the non-selective agonist (S)-PHPNECA, (4) group B: treated with the A1 agonist CCPA, (5) group C: treated with the A2A agonist VT 7 and (6) group D: treated with the A3 agonist AR 170. The infarcted (I) and the areas at risk (R) were estimated as %I/R. In additional rabbits of all groups, heart samples were taken for determination of Akt, eNOS and STAT 3 at the 10th reperfusion minute.
Key findings
(S)-PHPNECA and CCPA reduced the infarct size (17.2 ± 2.9% and 17.9 ± 2.0% vs 46.8 ± 1.9% in control, P < 0.05), conferring a benefit similar to PostC (26.4 ± 0.3%). Selective A2A and A3 receptor agonists did not reduce the infarct size (39.5 ± 0.8% and 38.7 ± 3.5%, P = NS vs control). Akt, eNOS and STAT 3 were significantly activated after non-selective A1 ARs and PostC.
Conclusions
Non-selective and A1 but not A2A and A3 ARs agonists are essential for triggering cardioprotection. The molecular mechanism involves both RISK and the JAK/STAT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia-Iris Bibli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Anastasia Zoga
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Dagres
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Th Kremastinos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gloria Cristalli
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
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In vitro inflammatory/anti-inflammatory effects of nitrate esters of purines. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:148-56. [PMID: 24613657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six purine analogues bearing a nitrate ester group (potential NO donor) were tested on human THP-1 macrophages to investigate their effects on the inflammatory response. Only three analogues increased the basal level of IL-1β. Two analogues exacerbated the inflammatory response induced by ATP but not that induced by H2O2. Only 6-[4-(6-nitroxyacetyl)piperazin-1-yl]-9H-purine (compound MK128) abolished ATP or H2O2-induced IL-1β production in the culture medium. Similar results were reproduced on macrophages differentiated from buffy coats and stimulated with LPS. MK128 was the only analogue to release NO and leading to nitrite formation in the culture medium. The EC50 for inhibition of induced IL-1β production by the cells was estimated to be 10-12µg/ml (about 36µM) and corresponded to the production of around 30µM nitrites in the culture medium. This anti-inflammatory effect of MK128 was mimicked by trinitrin used in 10 fold higher concentrations. Preincubation of cells with NO trapper cPTIO partially abolished the beneficial effect of MK128 while MK137, a ONO2 deprived analogue of MK128, was not able to inhibit induced IL-1β production and proved to be inflammatory. Moreover, purinergic channel inhibitors (oATP and U73122) inhibited the MK137 inflammatory effect. Finally, MK128 reduced the quantity of p20 caspase-1 produced in the culture medium. We suggest that MK128 inhibits IL-1β production via NO production and subsequent inflammasome component nitrosylation. On the opposite MK137, deprived from ONO2 group, could act as agonist of purinergic receptors and could thus activate inflammasome.
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