1
|
Łomzik M, Błauż A, Tchoń D, Makal A, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Development of Half-Sandwich Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir Complexes Bearing the Pyridine-2-ylmethanimine Bidentate Ligand Derived from 7-Chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one with Enhanced Antiproliferative Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18224-18237. [PMID: 38680348 PMCID: PMC11044151 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors are one of the most promising anticancer agents developed in recent years. Herein, we report the synthesis of ispinesib-core pyridine derivative conjugates, which are potent KSP inhibitors, with half-sandwich complexes of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, and iridium. Conjugation of 7-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one with the pyridine-2-ylmethylimine group and the organometallic moiety resulted in up to a 36-fold increased cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the micromolar and nanomolar range also toward drug-resistant cells. All studied conjugates increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase, simultaneously decreasing the number of cells in the G1/G0 phase, suggesting mitotic arrest. Additionally, ruthenium derivatives were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, no significant influence of the organometallic moiety on KSP inhibition was observed, which suggests that conjugation of a KSP inhibitor with the organometallic moiety modulates its mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Faculty
of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Oncobiology
and Epigenetics, Cytometry Lab, University
of Lodz, ul. Pomorska
141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Daniel Tchoń
- Laboratory
for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical
Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anna Makal
- Laboratory
for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical
Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Faculty
of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Oncobiology
and Epigenetics, Cytometry Lab, University
of Lodz, ul. Pomorska
141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kowalczyk K, Błauż A, Moscoh Ayine-Tora D, Hartinger CG, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Ferrocene-Ispinesib Hybrids: Impact of a Ferrocenyl Group on the Antiproliferative and Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitory Activity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300813. [PMID: 37332065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to combine more than one biologically-active component in a single molecule, derivatives of ispinesib and its (S) analogue were prepared that featured ferrocenyl moieties or bulky organic substituents. Inspired by the strong kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitory activity of ispinesib, the compounds were investigated for their antiproliferative activity. Among these compounds, several derivatives demonstrated significantly higher antiproliferative activity than ispinesib with nanomolar IC50 values against cell lines. Further evaluation indicated that the antiproliferative activity is not directly correlated with their KSP inhibitory activity while docking suggested that several of the derivatives may bind in a manner similar to ispinesib. In order to investigate the mode of action further, cell cycle analysis and reactive oxygen species formation were investigated. The improved antiproliferative activity of the most active compounds may be assigned to synergic effects of various factors such as KSP inhibitory activity due to the ispinesib core and ability to generate ROS and induce mitotic arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz ul. Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz ul. Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Łomzik M, Błauż A, Głodek M, Makal A, Tchoń D, Ayine-Tora DM, Hartinger C, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Organometallic Ru, Os, Rh and Ir half-sandwich conjugates of ispinesib - impact of the organometallic group on the antimitotic activity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11859-11874. [PMID: 37464882 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimitotic agents are among the most important drugs used in anticancer therapy. Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) was proposed as a promising target for new antimitotic drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir half-sandwich complexes with the KSP inhibitor ispinesib and its (S)-enantiomer. Conjugation of the organometallic moiety with ispinesib and its (S)-enantiomer resulted in a significantly increased cytotoxicity of up to 5.6-fold compared to the parent compounds, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The most active derivatives were the ispinesib Ru and Rh conjugates which were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may at least partially explain their high cytotoxicity. At the same time, the Os and Ir derivatives acted as KSP inhibitors with no effects on ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Głodek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Makal
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniel Tchoń
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Christian Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang SF, Peng WW, Xiong YZ, Nie XL, Huang JP. Crystal structure of 3-(2-chloro-benzyl)-7-[4-(2-chloro-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5,6,8-trifluoro-3 H-quinazolin-4-one, C
26
H
21
Cl
2
F
3
N
4
O. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C26H21Cl2F3N4O, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 21.218(6) Å, b = 5.9599(16) Å, c = 9.439(3) Å, β = 99.295(3)°, V = 1177.9(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0471, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1282, T = 296(2) K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Fang
- Department of Gynaecology , Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Nanchang 330006 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Peng
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides/College of Agriculture , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330045 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Zhen Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Liang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang/Department of Chemistry , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330045 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang/Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources/Department of Chemistry , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330031 , People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Łomzik M, Hanif M, Budniok A, Błauż A, Makal A, Tchoń DM, Leśniewska B, Tong KKH, Movassaghi S, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Zafar A, Reynisson J, Rychlik B, Hartinger CG, Plażuk D. Metal-Dependent Cytotoxic and Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitory Activity of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir Half-Sandwich Complexes of Ispinesib-Derived Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14879-14890. [PMID: 33003697 PMCID: PMC7584371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ispinesib is a potent inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP), which has been identified as a promising target for antimitotic anticancer drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis of half-sandwich complexes of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir bearing the ispinesib-derived N,N-bidentate ligands (R)- and (S)-2-(1-amino-2-methylpropyl)-3-benzyl-7-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one and studies on their chemical and biological properties. Using the enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-forms of the ligand, depending on the organometallic moiety, either the SM,R or RM,S diastereomers, respectively, were observed in the molecular structures of the Ru- and Os(cym) (cym = η6-p-cymene) compounds, whereas the RM,R or SM,S diastereomers were found for the Rh- and Ir(Cp*) (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) derivatives. However, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the energy difference between the diastereomers is very small, and therefore a mixture of both will be present in solution. The organometallics exhibited varying antiproliferative activity in a series of human cancer cell lines, with the complexes featuring the (R)-enantiomer of the ligand being more potent than the (S)-configured counterparts. Notably, the Rh and Ir complexes demonstrated high KSP inhibitory activity, even at 1 nM concentration, which was independent of the chirality of the ligand, whereas the Ru and especially the Os derivatives were much less active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Aleksandra Budniok
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniel M Tchoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. K. Ciołkowskiego 1 K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Kelvin K H Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lamb J, Fischer E, Rosillo-Lopez M, Salzmann CG, Holland JP. Multi-functionalised graphene nanoflakes as tumour-targeting theranostic drug-delivery vehicles. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8880-8888. [PMID: 32874485 PMCID: PMC7449665 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) consist of a graphene sheet approximately 30 nm in diameter with a pristine aromatic system and an edge terminated with carboxylic acid groups. Their high water solubility and relative ease of functionalisation using carboxylate chemistry means that GNFs are potential scaffolds for the synthesis of theranostic agents. In this work, GNFs were multi-functionalised with derivatives of (i) a peptide-based Glu-NH-C(O)-NH-Lys ligand that binds prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), (ii) a potent anti-mitotic drug (R)-ispinesib, (iii) the chelate desferrioxamine B (DFO), and (iv) an albumin-binding tag reported to extend pharmacokinetic half-life in vivo. Subsequent 68Ga radiochemistry and experiments in vitro and in vivo were used to evaluate the performance of GNFs in theranostic drug design. Efficient 68Ga-radiolabelling was achieved and the particle-loading of (R)-ispinesib and Glu-NH-C(O)-NH-Lys was confirmed using cellular assays. Using dose-response curves and FACS analysis it was shown that GNFs loaded with (R)-ispinesib inhibited the kinesin spindle protein (KSP) and induced G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Cellular uptake and blocking experiments demonstrated that GNFs functionalised with the Glu-NH-C(O)-NH-Lys ligand showed specificity toward PSMA expressing cells (LNCaP). The distribution profile and excretion rates of 68Ga-radiolabelled GNFs in athymic nude mice was evaluated using time-activity curves derived from dynamic positron-emission tomography (PET). Image analysis indicated that GNFs have low accumulation and retention in background tissue, with rapid renal clearance. In summary, our study shows that GNFs are suitable candidates for use in theranostic drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lamb
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zurich , Switzerland . ; http://www.hollandlab.org ; Tel: +41 44 63 53 990
| | - Eliane Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zurich , Switzerland . ; http://www.hollandlab.org ; Tel: +41 44 63 53 990
| | - Martin Rosillo-Lopez
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Christoph G Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zurich , Switzerland . ; http://www.hollandlab.org ; Tel: +41 44 63 53 990
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Direct oxidative cascade cyclisation of 2-aminobenzoic acid and arylaldehydes to aryl 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones with oxone. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Synthesis and in vivo nematocidal evaluation of novel 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives. Front Chem Sci Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-016-1595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Hemalatha K, Madhumitha G, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV. Importance of fluorine in 2,3-dihydroquinazolinone and its interaction study with lysozyme. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:176-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
10
|
Hill DE, Vasdev N, Holland JP. Evaluating the accuracy of density functional theory for calculating 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in drug molecules. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Kobayashi K, Hashimoto H, Matsumoto M, Inouchi H. A facile synthesis of 2-[1-(dialkylamino)alkyl]-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones by the reaction of 1,1-dimethylethyl 2-isocyanobenzoates with N,N-dialkyliminium iodides. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
12
|
Songsichan T, Promsuk J, Rukachaisirikul V, Kaeobamrung J. Syntheses of quinazolinones from 2-iodobenzamides and enaminones via copper-catalyzed domino reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4571-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|