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Recent Advances in the Discovery of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Allosteric Modulators. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031270. [PMID: 36770942 PMCID: PMC9920195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), silent agonists, allosteric activating PAMs and neutral or silent allosteric modulators are compounds capable of modulating the nicotinic receptor by interacting at allosteric modulatory sites distinct from the orthosteric sites. This survey is focused on the compounds that have been shown or have been designed to interact with nicotinic receptors as allosteric modulators of different subtypes, mainly α7 and α4β2. Minimal chemical changes can cause a different pharmacological profile, which can then lead to the design of selective modulators. Experimental evidence supports the use of allosteric modulators as therapeutic tools for neurological and non-neurological conditions.
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Cooper SY, Akers AT, Journigan VB, Henderson BJ. Novel Putative Positive Modulators of α4β2 nAChRs Potentiate Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior. Molecules 2021; 26:4793. [PMID: 34443380 PMCID: PMC8398432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The popular tobacco and e-cigarette chemical flavorant (-)-menthol acts as a nonselective, noncompetitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and contributes to multiple physiological effects that exacerbates nicotine addiction-related behavior. Menthol is classically known as a TRPM8 agonist; therefore, some have postulated that TRPM8 antagonists may be potential candidates for novel nicotine cessation pharmacotherapies. Here, we examine a novel class of TRPM8 antagonists for their ability to alter nicotine reward-related behavior in a mouse model of conditioned place preference. We found that these novel ligands enhanced nicotine reward-related behavior in a mouse model of conditioned place preference. To gain an understanding of the potential mechanism, we examined these ligands on mouse α4β2 nAChRs transiently transfected into neuroblastoma-2a cells. Using calcium flux assays, we determined that these ligands act as positive modulators (PMs) on α4β2 nAChRs. Due to α4β2 nAChRs' important role in nicotine dependence, as well as various neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, the identification of these ligands as α4β2 nAChR PMs is an important finding, and they may serve as novel molecular tools for future nAChR-related investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar Y. Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (S.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (V.B.J.)
| | - Austin T. Akers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (S.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (V.B.J.)
| | - Velvet Blair Journigan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (S.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (V.B.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Brandon J. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (S.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (V.B.J.)
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Volkov OA, Brockway AJ, Wring SA, Peel M, Chen Z, Phillips MA, De Brabander JK. Species-Selective Pyrimidineamine Inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1182-1203. [PMID: 29271204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic options are needed for treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is an essential enzyme in the polyamine pathway of T. brucei. Previous attempts to target this enzyme were thwarted by the lack of brain penetration of the most advanced series. Herein, we describe a T. brucei AdoMetDC inhibitor series based on a pyrimidineamine pharmacophore that we identified by target-based high-throughput screening. The pyrimidineamines showed selectivity for T. brucei AdoMetDC over the human enzyme, inhibited parasite growth in whole-cell assay, and had good predicted blood-brain barrier penetration. The medicinal chemistry program elucidated structure-activity relationships within the series. Features of the series that were required for binding were revealed by determining the X-ray crystal structure of TbAdoMetDC bound to one analog. The pyrimidineamine series provides a novel starting point for an anti-HAT lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen A Wring
- Scynexis, Inc. (now Avista Pharma Solutions) , 3501 Tricenter Boulevard, Suite C, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Michael Peel
- Scynexis, Inc. (now Avista Pharma Solutions) , 3501 Tricenter Boulevard, Suite C, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
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Ray C, Soderblom EJ, Bai Y, Carroll FI, Caron MG, Barak LS. Probing the Allosteric Role of the α5 Subunit of α3β4α5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Functionally Selective Modulators and Ligands. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:702-714. [PMID: 28045487 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate the nicotine dependence encountered with cigarette smoking, and this has stimulated a search for drugs binding the responsible receptor subtypes. Studies link a gene cluster encoding for α3β4α5-D398N nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to lung cancer risk as well as link a second mutation in this cluster to an increased risk for nicotine dependence. However, there are currently no recognized drugs for discriminating α3β4α5 signaling. In this study, we describe the development of homogeneous HEK-293 cell clones of α3β4 and α3β4α5 receptors appropriate for drug screening and characterizing biochemical and pharmacological properties of incorporated α5 subunits. Clones were assessed for plasma membrane expression of the individual receptor subunits by mass spectrometry and immunochemistry, and their calcium flux was measured in the presence of a library of kinase inhibitors and a focused library of acetylcholine receptor ligands. We demonstrated an incorporation of two α3 subunits in approximately 98% of plasma membrane receptor pentamers, indicating a 2/3 subunit expression ratio of α3 to β4 alone or to coexpressed β4 and α5. With prolonged nicotine exposure, the plasma membrane expression of receptors with and without incorporated α5 increased. Whereas α5 subunit expression decreased the cell calcium response to nicotine and reduced plasma membrane receptor number, it partially protected receptors from nicotine mediated desensitization. Hit compounds from both libraries suggest the α5 and α5-D398N subunits allosterically modify the behavior of nicotine at the parent α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These studies identify pharmacological tools from two distinct classes of drugs, antagonists and modifiers that are α5 and α5-D398N subtype selective that provide a means to characterize the role of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster in smoking and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - F. Ivy Carroll
- Departments
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling as a key step in the synthesis of pyridyl-benzamides, -benzylamines and -sulfonamides. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yang G, Kristufek SL, Link LA, Wooley KL, Robertson ML. Thiol–Ene Elastomers Derived from Biobased Phenolic Acids with Varying Functionality. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Samantha L. Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Lauren A. Link
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
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Yang G, Kristufek SL, Link LA, Wooley KL, Robertson ML. Synthesis and Physical Properties of Thiol–Ene Networks Utilizing Plant-Derived Phenolic Acids. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Samantha L. Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Lauren A. Link
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
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