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Liu W, He M, Li Y, Peng Z, Wang G. A review on synthetic chalcone derivatives as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:9-38. [PMID: 34894980 PMCID: PMC8667932 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1976772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules play an important role in the process of cell mitosis and can form a spindle in the mitotic prophase of the cell, which can pull chromosomes to the ends of the cell and then divide into two daughter cells to complete the process of mitosis. Tubulin inhibitors suppress cell proliferation by inhibiting microtubule dynamics and disrupting microtubule homeostasis. Thereby inducing a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and interfering with the mitotic process. It has been found that a variety of chalcone derivatives can bind to microtubule proteins and disrupt the dynamic balance of microtubules, inhibit the proliferation of tumour cells, and exert anti-tumour effects. Consequently, a great number of studies have been conducted on chalcone derivatives targeting microtubule proteins. In this review, synthetic or natural chalcone microtubule inhibitors in recent years are described, along with their structure-activity relationship (SAR) for anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Teaching and Research Section of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Teaching and Research Section of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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2
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Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) have been considered very attractive drug-targets for decades. This interest probably emerged with the identification of differences in AARSs between prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, which provided a rationale for the development of antimicrobials targeting bacterial AARSs with minimal effect on the homologous human AARSs. Today we know that AARSs are not only attractive, but also valid drug targets as they are housekeeping proteins that: (i) play a fundamental role in protein translation by charging the corresponding amino acid to its cognate tRNA and preventing mistranslation mistakes [1], a critical process during fast growing conditions of microbes; and (ii) present significant differences between microbes and humans that can be used for drug development [2]. Together with the vast amount of available data on both pathogenic and mammalian AARSs, it is expected that, in the future, the numerous reported inhibitors of AARSs will provide the basis to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of human diseases. In this chapter, a detailed summary on the state-of-the-art in drug discovery and drug development for each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lukarska
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrés Palencia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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3
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Insights into the chemistry and therapeutic potential of furanones: A versatile pharmacophore. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:66-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Mohebali F, Nazifi Z, Mohamad Reza Nazifi S, Mohammadian H, Massah AR. Synthesis, molecular docking studies, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion prediction of novel sulfonamide derivatives as antibacterial agents. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mohebali
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza BranchIslamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
| | - Zahrasadat Nazifi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza BranchIslamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
- Razi Chemistry Research Center, Shahreza BranchIslamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
| | - Seyed Mohamad Reza Nazifi
- Department Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammadian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Ahmad R. Massah
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza BranchIslamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
- Razi Chemistry Research Center, Shahreza BranchIslamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
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5
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Li S, Fan J, Peng C, Chang Y, Guo L, Hou J, Huang M, Wu B, Zheng J, Lin L, Xiao G, Chen W, Liao G, Guo J, Sun P. New molecular insights into the tyrosyl-tRNA synthase inhibitors: CoMFA, CoMSIA analyses and molecular docking studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11525. [PMID: 28912450 PMCID: PMC5599502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance caused by excessive and indiscriminate antibiotic usage has become a serious public health problem. The need of finding new antibacterial drugs is more urgent than ever before. Tyrosyl-tRNA synthase was proved to be a potent target in combating drug-resistant bacteria. In silico methodologies including molecular docking and 3D-QSAR were employed to investigate a series of newly reported tyrosyl-tRNA synthase inhibitors of furanone derivatives. Both internal and external cross-validation were conducted to obtain high predictive and satisfactory CoMFA model (q 2 = 0.611, r 2pred = 0.933, r 2m = 0.954) and CoMSIA model (q 2 = 0.546, r 2pred = 0.959, r 2m = 0.923). Docking results, which correspond with CoMFA/CoMSIA contour maps, gave the information for interactive mode exploration. Ten new molecules designed on the basis of QSAR and docking models have been predicted more potent than the most active compound 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)furan-2(5H)-one (15) in the literatures. The results expand our understanding of furanones as inhibitors of tyrosyl-tRNA synthase and could be helpful in rationally designing of new analogs with more potent inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrong Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jilin Fan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Chengkang Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yiqun Chang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Miaoqi Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Biyuan Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Longxin Lin
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Gaokeng Xiao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Guochao Liao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P.R. China.
| | - Pinghua Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China.
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6
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Barros-Álvarez X, Kerchner KM, Koh CY, Turley S, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Ranade RM, Gillespie JR, Zhang Z, Verlinde CLMJ, Fan E, Buckner FS, Hol WGJ. Leishmania donovani tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase structure in complex with a tyrosyl adenylate analog and comparisons with human and protozoan counterparts. Biochimie 2017; 138:124-136. [PMID: 28427904 PMCID: PMC5484532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Leishmania donovani tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (LdTyrRS) in complex with a nanobody and the tyrosyl adenylate analog TyrSA was determined at 2.75 Å resolution. Nanobodies are the variable domains of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. The nanobody makes numerous crystal contacts and in addition reduces the flexibility of a loop of LdTyrRS. TyrSA is engaged in many interactions with active site residues occupying the tyrosine and adenine binding pockets. The LdTyrRS polypeptide chain consists of two pseudo-monomers, each consisting of two domains. Comparing the two independent chains in the asymmetric unit reveals that the two pseudo-monomers of LdTyrRS can bend with respect to each other essentially as rigid bodies. This flexibility might be useful in the positioning of tRNA for catalysis since both pseudo-monomers in the LdTyrRS chain are needed for charging tRNATyr. An "extra pocket" (EP) appears to be present near the adenine binding region of LdTyrRS. Since this pocket is absent in the two human homologous enzymes, the EP provides interesting opportunities for obtaining selective drugs for treating infections caused by L. donovani, a unicellular parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis, or kala azar, which claims 20,000 to 30,000 deaths per year. Sequence and structural comparisons indicate that the EP is a characteristic which also occurs in the active site of several other important pathogenic protozoa. Therefore, the structure of LdTyrRS could inspire the design of compounds useful for treating several different parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Barros-Álvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Keshia M Kerchner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cho Yeow Koh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stewart Turley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium; VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium; VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ranae M Ranade
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Robert Gillespie
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhongsheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Erkang Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frederick S Buckner
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wim G J Hol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Wei W, Liu Q, Li ZZ, Shi WK, Fu X, Liu J, Zhu X, Wang XC, Xu N, Li TF, Jiang FR, Xiao ZP, Zhu HL. Synthesis and evaluation of adenosine containing 3-arylfuran-2(5 H )-ones as tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
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9
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Xiao ZP, Wei W, Liu Q, Wang PF, Luo X, Chen FY, Cao Y, Huang HX, Liu MM, Zhu HL. C-7 modified flavonoids as novel tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty C-7 modified flavonoids were designed and synthesized.
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10
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Wei W, Shi WK, Wang PF, Zeng XT, Li P, Zhang JR, Li Q, Tang ZP, Peng J, Wu LZ, Xie MQ, Liu C, Li XH, Wang YC, Xiao ZP, Zhu HL. Adenosine analogs as inhibitors of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase: Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6602-11. [PMID: 26404408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a series of adenosine analogs for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Out of these compounds, compound c6 has much stronger antibacterial potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than ciprofloxacin, and was determined to target tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase with IC50 of 0.8±0.07 μM. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested that introduction of a fluorine atom at the 3'-position of benzene ring of the phenylacetyl moiety significantly increased affinities to the enzyme. In comparison with isopropylidene analogs, 2',3'-deprotected compounds displayed higher inhibitory activity. Molecular dockings provided an explanation for observations in biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Wei-Kang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Tong Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Ji-Rong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ping Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Jia Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Lang-Zhou Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Mei-Qun Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Chan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Xian-Hui Li
- School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Zhu-Ping Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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11
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Xiao ZP, Wei W, Wang PF, Shi WK, Zhu N, Xie MQ, Sun YW, Li LX, Xie YX, Zhu LS, Tang N, Ouyang H, Li XH, Wang GC, Zhu HL. Synthesis and evaluation of new tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors as antibacterial agents based on a N2-(arylacetyl)glycinanilide scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:631-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Wang XD, Wei W, Wang PF, Yi LC, Shi WK, Xie YX, Wu LZ, Tang N, Zhu LS, Peng J, Liu C, Li XH, Tang S, Xiao ZP, Zhu HL. Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of 3-arylfuran-2(5H)-ones as anti-gastric ulcer agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4860-4865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Zhu N, Lin Y, Li D, Gao N, Liu C, You X, Jiang J, Jiang W, Si S. Identification of an anti-TB compound targeting the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:2287-94. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Novel 3-arylfuran-2(5H)-one-fluoroquinolone hybrid: design, synthesis and evaluation as antibacterial agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3620-8. [PMID: 24882676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3-Arylfuran-2(5H)-one, a novel antibacterial pharmacophore targeting tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS), was hybridized with the clinically used fluoroquinolones to give a series of novel multi-target antimicrobial agents. Thus, twenty seven 3-arylfuran-2(5H)-one-fluoroquinolone hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Some of the hybrids exhibited merits from both parents, displaying a broad spectrum of activity against resistant strains including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The most potent compound (11) in antibacterial assay shows MIC50 of 0.11μg/mL against Multiple drug resistant Escherichia coli, being about 51-fold more potent than ciprofloxacin. The enzyme assays reveal that 11 is a potent multi-target inhibitor with IC50 of 1.15±0.07μM against DNA gyrase and 0.12±0.04μM against TyrRS, respectively. Its excellent inhibitory activities against isolated enzymes and intact cells strongly suggest that 11 deserves to further research as a novel antibiotic.
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15
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Pham JS, Dawson KL, Jackson KE, Lim EE, Pasaje CFA, Turner KEC, Ralph SA. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as drug targets in eukaryotic parasites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2013; 4:1-13. [PMID: 24596663 PMCID: PMC3940080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are essential and many aaRS inhibitors kill parasites. We examine compound inhibitors tested experimentally against parasite aaRSs. Successful inhibitors were discovered by both phenotype and target-based approaches. Selectivity and resistance are ongoing challenges for development of parasite drugs.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are central enzymes in protein translation, providing the charged tRNAs needed for appropriate construction of peptide chains. These enzymes have long been pursued as drug targets in bacteria and fungi, but the past decade has seen considerable research on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in eukaryotic parasites. Existing inhibitors of bacterial tRNA synthetases have been adapted for parasite use, novel inhibitors have been developed against parasite enzymes, and tRNA synthetases have been identified as the targets for compounds in use or development as antiparasitic drugs. Crystal structures have now been solved for many parasite tRNA synthetases, and opportunities for selective inhibition are becoming apparent. For different biological reasons, tRNA synthetases appear to be promising drug targets against parasites as diverse as Plasmodium (causative agent of malaria), Brugia (causative agent of lymphatic filariasis), and Trypanosoma (causative agents of Chagas disease and human African trypanosomiasis). Here we review recent developments in drug discovery and target characterisation for parasite aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Karen L Dawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine E Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Erin E Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Charisse Flerida A Pasaje
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelsey E C Turner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart A Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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