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Rao STRB, Turek I, Ratcliffe J, Beckham S, Cianciarulo C, Adil SSBMY, Kettle C, Whelan DR, Irving HR. 5-HT 3 Receptors on Mitochondria Influence Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098301. [PMID: 37176009 PMCID: PMC10179570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor belongs to the pentameric ligand-gated cation channel superfamily. Humans have five different 5-HT3 receptor subunits: A to E. The 5-HT3 receptors are located on the cell membrane, but a previous study suggested that mitochondria could also contain A subunits. In this article, we explored the distribution of 5-HT3 receptor subunits in intracellular and cell-free mitochondria. Organelle prediction software supported the localization of the A and E subunits on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. We transiently transfected HEK293T cells that do not natively express the 5-HT3 receptor with an epitope and fluorescent protein-tagged 5HT3A and 5HT3E subunits. Fluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation indicated that both subunits, A and E, localized to the mitochondria, while transmission electron microscopy revealed the location of the subunits on the mitochondrial inner membrane, where they could form heteromeric complexes. Cell-free mitochondria isolated from cell culture media colocalized with the fluorescent signal for A subunits. The presence of A and E subunits influenced changes in the membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates upon exposure to serotonin; this was inhibited by pre-treatment with ondansetron. Therefore, it is likely that the 5-HT3 receptors present on mitochondria directly impact mitochondrial function and that this may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh T R B Rao
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Ilona Turek
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Bio Imaging Platform, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Simone Beckham
- Regional Science Operations, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Cassandra Cianciarulo
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Siti S B M Y Adil
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Christine Kettle
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Donna R Whelan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Helen R Irving
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
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2
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Irving H, Turek I, Kettle C, Yaakob N. Tapping into 5-HT 3 Receptors to Modify Metabolic and Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111910. [PMID: 34769340 PMCID: PMC8584345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors are ligand gated ion channels, which clearly distinguish their mode of action from the other G-protein coupled 5-HT or serotonin receptors. 5-HT3 receptors are well established targets for emesis and gastrointestinal mobility and are used as adjunct targets in treating schizophrenia. However, the distribution of these receptors is wider than the nervous system and there is potential that these additional sites can be targeted to modulate inflammatory and/or metabolic conditions. Recent progress in structural biology and pharmacology of 5-HT3 receptors have provided profound insights into mechanisms of their action. These advances, combined with insights into clinical relevance of mutations in genes encoding 5-HT3 subunits and increasing understanding of their implications in patient's predisposition to diseases and response to the treatment, open new avenues for personalized precision medicine. In this review, we recap on the current status of 5-HT3 receptor-based therapies using a biochemical and physiological perspective. We assess the potential for targeting 5-HT3 receptors in conditions involving metabolic or inflammatory disorders based on recent findings, underscoring the challenges and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilona Turek
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Christine Kettle
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Nor Yaakob
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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3
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Basak S, Kumar A, Ramsey S, Gibbs E, Kapoor A, Filizola M, Chakrapani S. High-resolution structures of multiple 5-HT 3AR-setron complexes reveal a novel mechanism of competitive inhibition. eLife 2020; 9:e57870. [PMID: 33063666 PMCID: PMC7655109 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptors (5-HT3AR) play a crucial role in regulating gut movement, and are the principal target of setrons, a class of high-affinity competitive antagonists, used in the management of nausea and vomiting associated with radiation and chemotherapies. Structural insights into setron-binding poses and their inhibitory mechanisms are just beginning to emerge. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of full-length 5-HT3AR in complex with palonosetron, ondansetron, and alosetron. Molecular dynamic simulations of these structures embedded in a fully-hydrated lipid environment assessed the stability of ligand-binding poses and drug-target interactions over time. Together with simulation results of apo- and serotonin-bound 5-HT3AR, the study reveals a distinct interaction fingerprint between the various setrons and binding-pocket residues that may underlie their diverse affinities. In addition, varying degrees of conformational change in the setron-5-HT3AR structures, throughout the channel and particularly along the channel activation pathway, suggests a novel mechanism of competitive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Basak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Steven Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Eric Gibbs
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Abhijeet Kapoor
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Marta Filizola
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sudha Chakrapani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
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4
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Zarkadas E, Zhang H, Cai W, Effantin G, Perot J, Neyton J, Chipot C, Schoehn G, Dehez F, Nury H. The Binding of Palonosetron and Other Antiemetic Drugs to the Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor. Structure 2020; 28:1131-1140.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Momper JD, Heinrichs MT, Krudys K, Griebel D, Kumar S, Kim I, Mehrotra N, Mulberg AE, Garimella N, Nelson R, Reaman G, Sinha V, Yao L, Zineh I, Burckart G, Sachs H, Mulugeta Y. Extrapolation of Adult Efficacy to Pediatric Patients With Chemotherapy‐Induced Nausea and Vomiting. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:775-784. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah D. Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego La Jolla California USA
| | | | - Kevin Krudys
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Donna Griebel
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Shaun Kumar
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Insook Kim
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Nitin Mehrotra
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | | | | | - Robert Nelson
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Gregory Reaman
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Vikram Sinha
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Lynne Yao
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Issam Zineh
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | | | - Hari Sachs
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Yeruk Mulugeta
- US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
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6
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Ladefoged LK, Munro L, Pedersen AJ, Lummis SCR, Bang-Andersen B, Balle T, Schiøtt B, Kristensen AS. Modeling and Mutational Analysis of the Binding Mode for the Multimodal Antidepressant Drug Vortioxetine to the Human 5-HT3A Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1421-1434. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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7
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Yaakob NS, Nguyen DT, Exintaris B, Irving HR. The C and E subunits of the serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor subtly modulate electrical properties of the receptor. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1701-1709. [PMID: 29793334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin type 3 (5-hydroxytrptamine-3, 5-HT3) receptors are ligand-gated cation channels present in both central and peripheral nervous systems. In humans there are five different subunits (A, B, C, D and E) of 5-HT3 receptors which can form homomeric or heteromeric receptors that may account for discrepancies in patient responses to treatments. The present study commences characterisation of the profiles of human 5-HT3 receptors containing C and/or E subunits. Recombinant 5-HT3 receptors were expressed transiently in HEK293T cells and expression was checked via immunocytochemistry staining against each epitope-tagged subunits. Functional characterisation of different combinations of 5-HT3 receptor complexes was studied via patch clamp whole cell recordings. In this study, increased current was seen in cells containing A and C subunits but only subtle changes were seen in the electrical properties of cells expressing A, AE, or ACE subunits in response to the ligand, 5-HT. Both di- and tri-heteromeric 5-HT3 receptors were significantly inhibited by the antagonists, ondansetron and palonosetron. Notably, palonosetron exerted stronger and more rapid inhibition on the 5-HT3 receptor ACE tri-heteromer compared to homomeric and di-heteromeric counterparts. This study demonstrated that the C and E subunits when assembled as simple or complex heteromeric 5-HT3 receptors may alter efficacies of 5-HT and clinically used antagonists such as ondansetron and palonosetron, and this in turn may have implications for patient responses to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Syafinaz Yaakob
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dan-Thanh Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Betty Exintaris
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Helen Ruth Irving
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Price KL, Lillestol RK, Ulens C, Lummis SCR. Palonosetron-5-HT 3 Receptor Interactions As Shown by a Binding Protein Cocrystal Structure. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1641-1646. [PMID: 27656911 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Palonosetron is a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and an effective therapeutic agent against emesis. Here we identify the molecular determinants of compound recognition in the receptor binding site by obtaining a high resolution structure of palonosetron bound to an engineered acetylcholine binding protein that mimics the 5-HT3 receptor binding site, termed 5-HTBP, and by examining the potency of palonosetron in a range of 5-HT3 receptors with mutated binding site residues. The structural data indicate that palonosetron forms a tight and effective wedge in the binding pocket, made possible by its rigid tricyclic ring structure and its interactions with binding site residues; it adopts a binding pose that is distinct from the related antiemetics granisetron and tropisetron. The functional data show many residues previously shown to interact with agonists and antagonists in the binding site are important for palonosetron binding, and indicate those of particular importance are W183 (a cation-π interaction and a hydrogen bond) and Y153 (a hydrogen bond). This information, and the availability of the structure of palonosetron bound to 5-HTBP, should aid the development of novel and more efficacious drugs that act via 5-HT3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. Price
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Reidun K. Lillestol
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Ulens
- The
Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology, Department of Cellular and
Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49,
PB 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah C. R. Lummis
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
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9
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Mu L, Müller Herde A, Rüefli PM, Sladojevich F, Milicevic Sephton S, Krämer SD, Thompson AJ, Schibli R, Ametamey SM, Lochner M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of [ 11C]Granisetron and [ 18F]Fluoropalonosetron as PET Probes for 5-HT 3 Receptor Imaging. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1552-1564. [PMID: 27571447 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin-gated ionotropic 5-HT3 receptors are the major pharmacological targets for antiemetic compounds. Furthermore, they have become a focus for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and there is some evidence that pharmacological modulation of 5-HT3 receptors might alleviate symptoms of other neurological disorders. Highly selective, high-affinity antagonists, such as granisetron (Kytril) and palonosetron (Aloxi), belong to a family of drugs (the "setrons") that are well established for clinical use. To enable us to better understand the actions of these drugs in vivo, we report the synthesis of 8-fluoropalonosetron (15) that has a binding affinity (Ki = 0.26 ± 0.05 nM) similar to the parent drug (Ki = 0.21 ± 0.03 nM). We radiolabeled 15 by nucleophilic 18F-fluorination of an unsymmetrical diaryliodonium palonosetron precursor and achieved the radiosynthesis of 1-(methyl-11C)-N-granisetron ([11C]2) through N-alkylation with [11C]CH3I, respectively. Both compounds [18F]15 (chemical and radiochemical purity >95%, specific activity 41 GBq/μmol) and [11C]2 (chemical and radiochemical purity ≥99%, specific activity 170 GBq/μmol) were evaluated for their utility as positron emission tomography (PET) probes. Using mouse and rat brain slices, in vitro autoradiography with both [18F]15 and [11C]2 revealed a heterogeneous and displaceable binding in cortical and hippocampal regions that are known to express 5-HT3 receptors at significant levels. Subsequent PET experiments suggested that [18F]15 and [11C]2 are of limited utility for the PET imaging of brain 5-HT3 receptors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Mu
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse
100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Müller Herde
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal M. Rüefli
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Sladojevich
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Selena Milicevic Sephton
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D. Krämer
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lochner
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Lohning AE, Marx W, Isenring L. In silico investigation into the interactions between murine 5-HT 3 receptor and the principle active compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale). J Mol Graph Model 2016; 70:315-327. [PMID: 27816008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gingerols and shogaols are the primary non-volatile actives within ginger (Zingiber officinale). These compounds have demonstrated in vitro to exert 5-HT3 receptor antagonism which could benefit chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The site and mechanism of action by which these compounds interact with the 5-HT3 receptor is not fully understood although research indicates they may bind to a currently unidentified allosteric binding site. Using in silico techniques, such as molecular docking and GRID analysis, we have characterized the recently available murine 5-HT3 receptor by identifying sites of strong interaction with particular functional groups at both the orthogonal (serotonin) site and a proposed allosteric binding site situated at the interface between the transmembrane region and the extracellular domain. These were assessed concurrently with the top-scoring poses of the docked ligands and included key active gingerols, shogaols and dehydroshogaols as well as competitive antagonists (e.g. setron class of pharmacologically active drugs), serotonin and its structural analogues, curcumin and capsaicin, non-competitive antagonists and decoys. Unexpectedly, we found that the ginger compounds and their structural analogs generally outscored other ligands at both sites. Our results correlated well with previous site-directed mutagenesis studies in identifying key binding site residues. We have identified new residues important for binding the ginger compounds. Overall, the results suggest that the ginger compounds and their structural analogues possess a high binding affinity to both sites. Notwithstanding the limitations of such theoretical analyses, these results suggest that the ginger compounds could act both competitively or non-competitively as has been shown for palonosetron and other modulators of CYS loop receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Lohning
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Australia.
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Australia.
| | - Liz Isenring
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Australia.
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