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Mettai M, Daoud I, Mesli F, Kenouche S, Melkemi N, Kherachi R, Belkadi A. Molecular docking/dynamics simulations, MEP analysis, bioisosteric replacement and ADME/T prediction for identification of dual targets inhibitors of Parkinson's disease with novel scaffold. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 36687301 PMCID: PMC9852416 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B and Adenosine A2A receptors are used as key targets for Parkinson's disease. Recently, hMAO-B and hA2AR Dual-targets inhibitory potential of a novel series of Phenylxanthine derivatives has been established in experimental findings. Hence, the current study examines the interactions between 38 compounds of this series with hMAO-B and hA2AR targets using different molecular modeling techniques to investigate the binding mode and stability of the formed complexes. A molecular docking study revealed that the compounds L24 ((E)-3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl) phenyl) acrylamide and L32 ((E)-3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(3-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl)phenyl)acrylamide) had a high affinity (S-score: -10.160 and -7.344 kcal/mol) with the pocket of hMAO-B and hA2AR targets respectively, and the stability of the studied complexes was confirmed during MD simulations. Also, the MEP maps of compounds 24 and 32 were used to identify the nucleophilic and electrophilic attack regions. Moreover, the bioisosteric replacement approach was successfully applied to design two new analogs of each compound with similar biological activities and low energy scores. Furthermore, ADME-T and Drug-likeness results revealed the promising pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability of these compounds. Thus, compounds L24, L32, and their analogs can undergo further analysis and optimization in order to design new lead compounds with higher efficacy toward Parkinson's disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00139-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merzaka Mettai
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ismail Daoud
- Department of Matter Sciences, University Mohamed Khider, BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-actives Substances, Faculty of Science, Tlemcen University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Mesli
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-actives Substances, Faculty of Science, Tlemcen University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Samir Kenouche
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory, University of Mohamed Khider, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Nadjib Melkemi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Rania Kherachi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ahlem Belkadi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
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Kapri A, Gupta N, Nain S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Xanthines: A Short Review. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:8239931. [PMID: 36398136 PMCID: PMC9666039 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8239931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine and its derivatives are considered a pharmacologically potential moiety that manifests immense biological activities. Owing to this much diversity in the biological field, this scaffold has fascinated the attention of many researchers around the globe to scrutinize its basic structure chemically as well as biologically. In recent years, xanthine derivatives have been used therapeutically in different pathological conditions due to their presence in day-to-day life. Herein, we review the recent progress in the synthesis of xanthine and its derivatives. Some of the widely used synthetic strategies such as (a) Traube's synthesis, (b) one-pot synthesis, (c) xanthine-anneleated synthesis, and (d) miscellaneous synthesis were compiled in this review paper. The results obtained from this review paper highlight the significance of various xanthine derivatives as possible leads to the development of new drugs. The data compiled in this review paper could help the medicinal chemist in designing new active compounds from the modification of the already existing compounds in the search for novel drug leads. This report concludes that the various synthetic procedures exemplified in this review paper may serve as a support system for the designing of new molecules with a xanthine scaffold. Thus, we hope that this molecule may serve as the prototype in order to find out more active xanthine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Kapri
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Agilent Technologies Pvt. Ltd., 181/46, Industrial Area, Phase-1, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Novel propargylamine-based inhibitors of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105301. [PMID: 34492558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A combination of several pharmacophores in one molecule has been successfully used for multi-target-directed ligands (MTDL) design. New propargylamine substituted derivatives combined with salicylic and cinnamic scaffolds were designed and synthesized as potential cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases (MAOs) inhibitors. They were evaluated invitro for inhibition of acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) using Ellman's method. All the compounds act as dual inhibitors. Most of the derivatives are stronger inhibitors of AChE, the best activity showed 5-bromo-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)salicylamide 1e (IC50 = 8.05 µM). Carbamates (4-bromo-2-[(prop-2-yn-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl ethyl(methyl)carbamate 2d and 2,4-dibromo-6-[(prop-2-yn-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl ethyl(methyl)carbamate 2e were selective and the most active for BuChE (25.10 and 26.09 µM). 4-Bromo-2-[(prop-2-yn-1-ylimino)methyl]phenol 4a was the most potent inhibitor of MAOs (IC50 of 3.95 and ≈10 µM for MAO-B and MAO-A, respectively) along with a balanced inhibition of both cholinesterases being a real MTDL. The mechanism of action was proposed, and binding modes of the hits were studied by molecular docking on human enzymes. Some of the derivatives also exhibited antioxidant properties. Insilico prediction of physicochemical parameters affirm that the molecules would be active after oral administration and able to reach brain tissue.
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Petrucci R, Feroci M, Mattiello L, Chiarotto I. Xanthine Scaffold: Available Synthesis Routes to Deliver Diversity by Derivatization. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x17999200507103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of the skeletal systems of heterocycles represents a significant goal
for the development of new compounds. The heterocyclic molecule xanthine (3,7-dihydro-1Hpurine-
2,6-dione) is a purine base with a bicyclic ring skeleton and four different nitrogen atoms,
three of them are -NH groups. The principal derivatives are the well known natural methylxanthines
(e.g., caffeine, theophylline and theobromine) that have prominent physiological effects at a very low
dose. The natural methylated xanthines, theophylline, theobromine and caffeine, are present in different
plants such as the tea, cocoa and coffee species. For this reason natural xanthines can be considered
as bio-based and renewable starting materials; their use in organic synthesis is strongly recommended
in order to carry out sustainable chemistry. Essentially, the xanthine scaffold led to the
preparation of numerous compounds very attractive in the pharmaceutical field, and these drugs are
commercialized for a wide range of biological activities. The scope of this mini-review is to consider
the use of natural xanthines as starting material in chemical transformations carried out in organic
solvents, without the intent to be exhaustive of all the synthetically chemical applications. More information
on the chemical and electrochemical reactivity of this structural core in an organic solvent
can be useful for the scientific community. The effectiveness of natural xanthines can be improved
by modifying the structures of these already biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Petrucci
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Kuder KJ, Załuski M, Schabikowski J, Latacz G, Olejarz‐Maciej A, Jaśko P, Doroz‐Płonka A, Brockmann A, Müller CE, Kieć‐Kononowicz K. Novel, Dual Target‐Directed Annelated Xanthine Derivatives Acting on Adenosine Receptors and Monoamine Oxidase B. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:772-786. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil J. Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz‐Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Piotr Jaśko
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Agata Doroz‐Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Andreas Brockmann
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć‐Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
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Abstract
The use of an acetylene (ethynyl) group in medicinal chemistry coincides with the launch of the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1959. Since then, the acetylene group has been broadly exploited in drug discovery and development. As a result, it has become recognized as a privileged structural feature for targeting a wide range of therapeutic target proteins, including MAO, tyrosine kinases, BACE1, steroid receptors, mGlu5 receptors, FFA1/GPR40, and HIV-1 RT. Furthermore, a terminal alkyne functionality is frequently introduced in chemical biology probes as a click handle to identify molecular targets and to assess target engagement. This Perspective is divided into three parts encompassing: (1) the physicochemical properties of the ethynyl group, (2) the advantages and disadvantages of the ethynyl group in medicinal chemistry, and (3) the impact of the ethynyl group on chemical biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji T Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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The chemistry toolbox of multitarget-directed ligands for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Załuski M, Schabikowski J, Schlenk M, Olejarz-Maciej A, Kubas B, Karcz T, Kuder K, Latacz G, Zygmunt M, Synak D, Hinz S, Müller CE, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Novel multi-target directed ligands based on annelated xanthine scaffold with aromatic substituents acting on adenosine receptor and monoamine oxidase B. Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1195-1210. [PMID: 30808606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N9-Benzyl-substituted imidazo-, pyrimido- and 1,3-diazepino[2,1-f]purinediones were designed as dual-target-directed ligands combining A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonistic activity with blockade of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). A library of 37 novel compounds was synthesized and biologically evaluated in radioligand binding studies at AR subtypes and for their ability to inhibit MAO-B. A systematic modification of the tricyclic structures based on a xanthine core by enlargement of the third heterocyclic ring or attachment of various substituted benzyl moieties resulted in the development of 9-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (9u; Ki human A2AAR: 189 nM and IC50 human MAO-B: 570 nM) as the most potent dual acting ligand of the series displaying high selectivity versus related targets. Moreover, some potent, selective MAO-B inhibitors were identified in the group of pyrimido- and 1,3-diazepino[2,1-f]purinediones. Compound 10d (10-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1H-[1,3]diazepino[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,6H)-dione) displayed an IC50 value at human MAO-B of 83 nM. Analysis of structure-activity relationships was complemented by molecular docking studies based on previously published X-ray structures of the protein targets. An extended biological profile was determined for selected compounds including in vitro evaluation of potential hepatotoxicity calculated in silico and antioxidant properties as an additional desirable activity. The new molecules acting as dual target drugs may provide symptomatic relief as well as disease-modifying effects for neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miriam Schlenk
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Kubas
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zygmunt
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - David Synak
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Łażewska D, Olejarz-Maciej A, Kaleta M, Bajda M, Siwek A, Karcz T, Doroz-Płonka A, Cichoń U, Kuder K, Kieć-Kononowicz K. 4-tert-Pentylphenoxyalkyl derivatives - Histamine H 3 receptor ligands and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3596-3600. [PMID: 30404719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of 4-tert-pentylphenoxypropyl derivatives are described in this manuscript. All compounds (except one) showed human histamine H3 receptor affinity with Ki values below 760 nM. The inhibitory activity toward human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO B) was evaluated using a fluorometric Amplex-Red assay, and most of the compounds were effective in the submicromolar range. Among them, 1-(3-(4-tert-pPentylphenoxy)propyl)pyrrolidine (5) exhibited hMAO B inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 4.5 nM. In addition, hMAO B inhibition by 5 was shown to be non-competitive and reversible. Further, recently described potent histamine H3 receptor ligands - 4-tert-pentylphenoxyalkyl derivatives (with a 4-8 carbon spacer) - were evaluated for hMAO B inhibitory activity, and some of them displayed activity in the submicromolar range. Selected compounds were also tested for human MAO A (hMAO A) inhibitory potencies and exhibited no activity. Moreover, molecular modeling studies were carried out for tested compounds to explain their molecular mechanism of hMAO B inhibition and the selectivity of compounds for hMAO B over hMAO A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Kaleta
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Doroz-Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Cichoń
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Koch P, Brunschweiger A, Namasivayam V, Ullrich S, Maruca A, Lazzaretto B, Küppers P, Hinz S, Hockemeyer J, Wiese M, Heer J, Alcaro S, Kiec-Kononowicz K, Müller CE. Probing Substituents in the 1- and 3-Position: Tetrahydropyrazino-Annelated Water-Soluble Xanthine Derivatives as Multi-Target Drugs With Potent Adenosine Receptor Antagonistic Activity. Front Chem 2018; 6:206. [PMID: 29998095 PMCID: PMC6028563 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropyrazino-annelated theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) derivatives have previously been shown to display increased water-solubility as compared to the parent xanthines due to their basic character. In the present study, we modified this promising scaffold by replacing the 1,3-dimethyl residues by a variety of alkyl groups including combinations of different substituents in both positions. Substituted benzyl or phenethyl residues were attached to the N8 of the resulting 1,3-dialkyl-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-f ]purinediones with the aim to obtain multi-target drugs that block human A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (ARs) and monoaminoxidase B (MAO-B). 1,3-Diethyl-substituted derivatives showed high affinity for A1 ARs, e.g., 15d (PSB-18339, 8-m-bromobenzyl-substituted) displayed a Ki value of 13.6 nM combined with high selectivity. 1-Ethyl-3-propargyl-substituted derivatives exhibited increased A2A AR affinity. The 8-phenethyl derivative 20h was selective for the A2A AR (Ki 149 nM), while the corresponding 8-benzyl-substituted compound 20e (PSB-1869) blocked A1 and A2A ARs with equal potency (Ki A1, 180 nM; A2A, 282 nM). The 1-ethyl-3-methyl-substituted derivative 16a (PSB-18405) bearing a m,p-dichlorobenzyl residue at N8 blocked all three targets, A1 ARs (Ki 396 nM), A2A ARs (Ki 1,620 nM), and MAO-B (IC50 106 nM) with high selectivity vs. the other subtypes (A2B and A3 ARs, MAO-A), and can thus be considered as a multi-target drug. Our findings were rationalized by molecular docking studies based on previously published X-ray structures of the protein targets. The new drugs have potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Koch
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Ullrich
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Beatrice Lazzaretto
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Petra Küppers
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Hockemeyer
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jag Heer
- UCB Celltech, UCB Pharma S.A., Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Kiec-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Jaiteh M, Zeifman A, Saarinen M, Svenningsson P, Bréa J, Loza MI, Carlsson J. Docking Screens for Dual Inhibitors of Disparate Drug Targets for Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5269-5278. [PMID: 29792714 PMCID: PMC6716773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of multiple biological targets with a single drug can lead to synergistic therapeutic effects and has been demonstrated to be essential for efficient treatment of CNS disorders. However, rational design of compounds that interact with several targets is very challenging. Here, we demonstrate that structure-based virtual screening can guide the discovery of multi-target ligands of unrelated proteins relevant for Parkinson's disease. A library with 5.4 million molecules was docked to crystal structures of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Twenty-four compounds that were among the highest ranked for both binding sites were evaluated experimentally, resulting in the discovery of four dual-target ligands. The most potent compound was an A2AAR antagonist with nanomolar affinity ( Ki = 19 nM) and inhibited MAO-B with an IC50 of 100 nM. Optimization guided by the predicted binding modes led to the identification of a second potent dual-target scaffold. The two discovered scaffolds were shown to counteract 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. Structure-based screening can hence be used to identify ligands with specific polypharmacological profiles, providing new avenues for drug development against complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama Jaiteh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Uppsala University , BMC Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Alexey Zeifman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Uppsala University , BMC Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Marcus Saarinen
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institute , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institute , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jose Bréa
- USEF Screening Platform-BioFarma Research Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases , University of Santiago de Compostela , 15706 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Loza
- USEF Screening Platform-BioFarma Research Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases , University of Santiago de Compostela , 15706 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Uppsala University , BMC Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
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Załuski M, Stanuch K, Karcz T, Hinz S, Latacz G, Szymańska E, Schabikowski J, Doroż-Płonka A, Handzlik J, Drabczyńska A, Müller CE, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Tricyclic xanthine derivatives containing a basic substituent: adenosine receptor affinity and drug-related properties. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:951-962. [PMID: 30108984 PMCID: PMC6071793 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of 27 novel amide derivatives of annelated xanthines was designed and synthesized. The new compounds represent 1,3-dipropyl- and 1,3-dibutyl-pyrimido[2,1-f]purinedione-9-ethylphenoxy derivatives including a CH2CONH linker between the (CH2)2-amino group and the phenoxy moiety. A synthetic strategy to obtain the final products was developed involving solvent-free microwave irradiation. The new compounds were evaluated for their adenosine receptor (AR) affinities. The most potent derivatives contained a terminal tertiary amino function. Compounds with nanomolar AR affinities and at the same time high water-solubility were obtained (A1 (Ki = 24-605 nM), A2A (Ki = 242-1250 nM), A2B (Ki = 66-911 nM) and A3 (Ki = 155-1000 nM)). 2-(4-(2-(1,3-Dibutyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purin-9(6H)-yl)ethyl)phenoxy)-N-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)acetamide (27) and the corresponding N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)acetamide (36) were found to be the most potent antagonists of the present series. While 27 showed CYP inhibition and moderate metabolic stability, 36 was found to possess suitable properties for in vivo applications. In an attempt to explain the affinity data for the synthesized compounds, molecular modeling and docking studies were performed using homology models of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors. The potent compound 36 was used as an example for discussion of the possible ligand-protein interactions. Moreover, the compounds showed high water-solubility indicating that the approach of introducing a basic side chain was successful for the class of generally poorly soluble AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Katarzyna Stanuch
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- PharmaCenter Bonn , Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Sonja Hinz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Agata Doroż-Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Anna Drabczyńska
- PharmaCenter Bonn , Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 12 6205580
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Dziubina A, Szmyd K, Zygmunt M, Sapa J, Dudek M, Filipek B, Drabczyńska A, Załuski M, Pytka K, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Evaluation of antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like activity of purinedione-derivatives with affinity for adenosine A2A receptors in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1285-1292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brunschweiger A, Koch P, Schlenk M, Rafehi M, Radjainia H, Küppers P, Hinz S, Pineda F, Wiese M, Hockemeyer J, Heer J, Denonne F, Müller CE. 8-Substituted 1,3-dimethyltetrahydropyrazino[2,1- f ]purinediones: Water-soluble adenosine receptor antagonists and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5462-5480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Burbiel JC, Ghattas W, Küppers P, Köse M, Lacher S, Herzner AM, Kombu RS, Akkinepally RR, Hockemeyer J, Müller CE. 2-Amino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines and Derived Novel Heterocycles: Syntheses and Structure-Activity Relationships of Potent Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2272-2286. [PMID: 27531666 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
2-Amino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines were identified as potent adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists. Synthetic strategies were devised to gain access to a broad range of derivatives including novel polyheterocyclic compounds. Potent and selective A3 AR antagonists were discovered, including 3,5-diphenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline (17, Ki human A3 AR 1.16 nm) and 5'-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3'H-spiro[indole-3,2'-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin]-2-one (20, Ki human A3 AR 6.94 nm). In addition, multitarget antagonists were obtained, such as the dual A1 /A3 antagonist 2,5-diphenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline (13 b, Ki human A1 AR 51.6 nm, human A3 AR 11.1 nm), and the balanced pan-AR antagonists 5-(2-thienyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-2-amine (11 c, Ki human A1 AR 131 nm, A2A AR 32.7 nm, A2B AR 150 nm, A3 AR 47.5 nm) and 9-bromo-5-phenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-2-amine (11 q, Ki human A1 AR 67.7 nm, A2A AR 13.6 nm, A2B AR 75.0 nm, A3 AR 703 nm). In many cases, significantly different affinities for human and rat receptors were observed, which emphasizes the need for caution in extrapolating conclusions between different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim C Burbiel
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wadih Ghattas
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Petra Küppers
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Meryem Köse
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Lacher
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Herzner
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rajan Subramanian Kombu
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, 506 009, Warangal, India
| | - Raghuram Rao Akkinepally
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.,University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, 506 009, Warangal, India
| | - Jörg Hockemeyer
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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Propargylamine as functional moiety in the design of multifunctional drugs for neurodegenerative disorders: MAO inhibition and beyond. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:609-29. [PMID: 25921401 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in designing analogues that can potentially confer neuroprotection against debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, yet the multifactorial pathogenesis of this cluster of diseases remains a stumbling block for the successful design of an 'ultimate' drug. However, with the growing popularity of the "one drug, multiple targets" paradigm, many researchers have successfully synthesized and evaluated drug-like molecules incorporating a propargylamine function that shows potential to serve as multifunctional drugs or multitarget-directed ligands. It is the aim of this review to highlight the reported activities of these propargylamine derivatives and their prospect to serve as drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Lee D, Lee S, Liu KH, Bae JS, Baek DJ, Lee T. Solid-Phase Synthesis of 1,3,7,8-Tetrasubstituted Xanthine Derivatives on Traceless Solid Support. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:70-4. [PMID: 26616892 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted xanthine (1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted 1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione) derivatives has been developed. The solid-phase synthetic route began on a solid supported N'-cyano-N-substituted carbamimidothioate, which was prepared from cyanamide, isothiocyanate, and Merrifield resin. After N-alkylation of carbamimidothioate resin with ethyl 2-bromoacetate, an imidazole ring is introduced by Thorpe-Ziegler-type cyclization. The resulting imidazole resin is converted to 1,3,7-trisubstituted xanthine resin using sequential reactions, such as Lewis acid-catalyzed urea formation, pyrimidine ring cyclization, and N-alkylation. After oxidation of sulfides to sulfones, traceless cleavage with amine or thiol nucleophiles afforded the desired 1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted xanthines in good purities and overall yields (eight-steps; 36 examples). This efficient solid-phase synthesis enables the incorporation of four diversity points into the preparation of the 1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted xanthines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doohyun Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College
of Pharmacy, Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, 1666 Youngsan-ro, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a relationship between the human MAO-B (hMAO-B) enzyme and neuropsychiatric/degenerative disorder, personality traits, type II alcoholism, borderline personality disorders, aggressiveness and violence in crime, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, suicide, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, migraine, dementia, and PD. Thus, MAO-B represents an attractive target for the treatment of a number of human diseases. The discovery, development, and therapeutic use of drugs that inhibit MAO-B are major challenges for future therapy. Various compounds and drugs that selectively target this isoform have been discovered recently. These agents are synthetic compounds or natural products and their analogues, including chalcones, pyrazoles, chromones, coumarins, xanthines, isatin derivatives, thiazolidindiones, (thiazol-2-yl)hydrazones, and analogues of marketed drugs. Despite considerable efforts in understanding the binding interaction with specific substrates or inhibitors, structural information available for the rational design of new hMAO-B inhibitors remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the quest for novel, potent, and selective hMAO-B inhibitors remains of high interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carradori
- Dipartimento Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Dipartimento Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Preti D, Baraldi PG, Moorman AR, Borea PA, Varani K. History and perspectives of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:790-848. [PMID: 25821194 DOI: 10.1002/med.21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence emphasizes that the purine nucleoside adenosine plays an active role as a local regulator in different pathologies. Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside involved in various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). At the present time, the role of A2A ARs is well known in physiological conditions and in a variety of pathologies, including inflammatory tissue damage and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the use of selective A2A antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, A2A AR signal transduction pathways, together with an analysis of the structure-activity relationships of A2A antagonists, and their corresponding pharmacological roles and therapeutic potential have been presented. The initial results from an emerging polypharmacological approach are also analyzed. This approach is based on the optimization of the affinity and/or functional activity of the examined compounds toward multiple targets, such as A1 /A2A ARs and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), both closely implicated in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiparkinsonian effects of adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 132:71-78. [PMID: 25735490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine derivatives of annelated xanthines (imidazo-, pyrimido-, and diazepino-purinediones) for potential anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Additionally, their antioxidant activity using the FRAP (ferric-reducing ability of plasma) assay and lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate were analyzed. All the studied derivatives showed affinity for adenosine A2A receptor. The preliminary assays found that five (KD-114, KD-57, KD-129, KD-50, and KD-358) pyrimidopurinedione derivatives, administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 100mg/kg, had stronger anti-inflammatory effects. At a concentration of 10-5M, three of the derivatives KD-57, KD-114, and KD-129 most influenced the total antioxidant ability. The most efficient anti-inflammatory compound, KD-114, also showed the strongest binding to A2A receptors and when administered at a dose of 5mg/kg (i.p.), effectively reversed haloperidol-induced catalepsy and significantly increased the striatal extracellular dopamine level in the rat striatum. This effect was weaker than the one produced by CSC (1mg/kg i.p.), and only slightly weaker than that produced by ZM 241385 (3mg/kg i.p.) used as reference drugs. From the results of the present studies, it may be concluded that anti-inflammatory and antiparkinsonian effects of the examined compounds correlate with their influence on adenosine A2A receptors, the most probable antagonism to these subtype receptors.
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The adenosine receptor affinities and monoamine oxidase B inhibitory properties of sulfanylphthalimide analogues. Bioorg Chem 2015; 59:117-23. [PMID: 25746740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Based on a report that sulfanylphthalimides are highly potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) B selective inhibitors, the present study examines the adenosine receptor affinities and MAO-B inhibitory properties of a series of 4- and 5-sulfanylphthalimide analogues. Since adenosine antagonists (A1 and A2A subtypes) and MAO-B inhibitors are considered agents for the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, dual-target-directed drugs that antagonize adenosine receptors and inhibit MAO-B may have enhanced therapeutic value. The results document that the sulfanylphthalimide analogues are selective for the adenosine A1 receptor over the A2A receptor subtype, with a number of compounds also possessing MAO-B inhibitory properties. Among the compounds evaluated, 5-[(4-methoxybenzyl)sulfanyl]phthalimide was found to possess the highest binding affinity to adenosine A1 receptors with a Ki value of 0.369 μM. This compound is reported to also inhibit MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.020 μM. Such dual-target-directed compounds may act synergistic in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: antagonism of the A1 receptor may facilitate dopamine release, while MAO-B inhibition may reduce dopamine metabolism. Additionally, dual-target-directed compounds may find therapeutic value in Alzheimer's disease: antagonism of the A1 receptor may be beneficial in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, while MAO-B inhibition may exhibit neuroprotective properties. In neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, dual-target-directed drugs are expected to be advantageous over single-target treatments.
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Brunschweiger A, Koch P, Schlenk M, Pineda F, Küppers P, Hinz S, Köse M, Ullrich S, Hockemeyer J, Wiese M, Heer J, Müller CE. 8-Benzyltetrahydropyrazino[2,1-f]purinediones: Water-Soluble Tricyclic Xanthine Derivatives as Multitarget Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1704-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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