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Bethencourt-Estrella CJ, Delgado-Hernández S, López-Arencibia A, San Nicolás-Hernández D, Tejedor D, García-Tellado F, Lorenzo-Morales J, Piñero JE. In vitro activity and cell death mechanism induced by acrylonitrile derivatives against Leishmania amazonensis. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Akhter S, Rehman A, Abidi SMA, Arjmand F, Tabassum S. Synthesis, structural insights, and biological screening of DNA targeted Ru( ii)(η 6- p-cymene) complexes containing bioactive amino-benzothiazole ligand scaffolds. NEW J CHEM 2022; 46:11462-11473. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Two new drug candidates [Ru(p-cymene)(C7H4ClN2S)Cl2] and [Ru(p-cymene)(C7H5FN2S)Cl2] were synthesized and characterised. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the complexes was assessed against five human cancer cell lines and anthelmintic activity was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suffora Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S. M. A. Abidi
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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4
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Lee SM, Kim MS, Hayat F, Shin D. Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antiprotozoal Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E3886. [PMID: 31661934 PMCID: PMC6864685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have serious health, social, and economic impacts, especially in the tropical regions of the world. Diseases caused by protozoan parasites are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. Globally, the burden of protozoan diseases is increasing and is been exacerbated because of a lack of effective medication due to the drug resistance and toxicity of current antiprotozoal agents. These limitations have prompted many researchers to search for new drugs against protozoan parasites. In this review, we have compiled the latest information (2012-2017) on the structures and pharmacological activities of newly developed organic compounds against five major protozoan diseases, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, trichomoniasis, and trypanosomiasis, with the aim of showing recent advances in the discovery of new antiprotozoal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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5
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Novel [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives are trypanocidal by sterol biosynthesis pathway alteration. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1137-1155. [PMID: 31280672 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study a new series of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-α]pyridine derivatives as trypanocidal agents because current antichagasic pharmacologic therapy is only partially effective. Materials & methods: The effect of the series upon Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and murine macrophages viability, cell cycle, cell death and on the metabolites of the sterol biosynthesis pathway was measured; also, docking in 14α-demethylase was analyzed. Results: Compound 16 inhibits 14α-demethylase producing an imbalance in the cholesterol/ergosterol synthesis pathway, as suggested by a metabolic control and theoretical docking analysis. Consequently, it prevented cell proliferation, stopping the cellular cycle at the G2/M phase, inducing cell death. Conclusion: Although the exact cell death mechanism remained elusive, this series can be used for the further rational design of novel antiparasitic molecules.
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Eldehna WM, Almahli H, Ibrahim TM, Fares M, Al-Warhi T, Boeckler FM, Bekhit AA, Abdel-Aziz HA. Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico studies of certain arylnicotinic acids conjugated with aryl (thio)semicarbazides as a novel class of anti-leishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:335-346. [PMID: 31260888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we introduce new compounds as conjugates of arylnicotinic acids with aryl (thio)semicarbazide derivatives. Based on a structure-guided approach, they were designed to possess anti-leishmanial activity through anti-folate mechanism, via targeting Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1 (Lm-PTR1). The in vitro anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote activity were promising for many thiosemicarbazide derivatives and superior to the reference miltefosine. The most active compounds 8i and 8j exhibited their anti-amastigote activity with IC50 values of 4.2 and 3.3 μM, respectively, compared to reference miltefosine (IC50 value of 7.3). Their anti-folate mechanism was confirmed via the ability of folic and folinic acids to reverse the anti-leishmanial activity of these compounds, comparably to Lm-PTR1 inhibitor trimethoprim. Interestingly, the in vitro cytotoxicity test of the most active compounds displayed higher selectivity indices than that of miltefosine emphasizing their safety on mammalian cells. Furthermore, the docking experiments on Lm-PTR1 as a putative target rationalized the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity. The in silico predictions exhibited promising pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness profiles of the most active compounds. Generally, this work introduces a fruitful matrix for new anti-leishmanial chemotype which would extend the chemical space for the anti-leishmanial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Fares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank M Boeckler
- Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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7
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Cao X, Yang Z, He Y, Xia Y, He Y, Liu J. Multispectroscopic exploration and molecular docking analysis on interaction of eriocitrin with bovine serum albumin. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2779. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life ScienceLiaoning University Shenyang China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life ScienceLiaoning University Shenyang China
| | - Yonglin He
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life ScienceLiaoning University Shenyang China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life ScienceLiaoning University Shenyang China
| | - Yin He
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life ScienceLiaoning University Shenyang China
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life ScienceLiaoning University Shenyang China
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8
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Leishmania treatment and prevention: Natural and synthesized drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 160:229-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Aneja B, Kumari M, Azam A, Kumar A, Abid M, Patel R. Effect of triazole-tryptophan hybrid on the conformation stability of bovine serum albumin. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:464-474. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babita Aneja
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences; Jamia Millia Islamia; New Delhi India
| | - Meena Kumari
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences; Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University); Jamia Nagar New Delhi India
| | - Amir Azam
- Department of Chemistr; Jamia Millia Islamia; New Delhi India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences; Jain University; Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post Bangalore India
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences; Jamia Millia Islamia; New Delhi India
| | - Rajan Patel
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences; Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University); Jamia Nagar New Delhi India
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10
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Xu Z, Kong D, He X, Guo L, Ge X, Liu X, Zhang H, Li J, Yang Y, Liu Z. Mitochondria-targeted half-sandwich rutheniumII diimine complexes: anticancer and antimetastasis via ROS-mediated signalling. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two half-sandwich RuII diimine complexes combine features of bioimaging, anticancer and antimetastasis properties into one molecule. The complexes target mitochondria and damage mitochondrial integrity.
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11
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Martín-Montes Á, Ballesteros-Garrido R, Martín-Escolano R, Marín C, Guitiérrez-Sánchez R, Abarca B, Ballesteros R, Sanchez-Moreno M. Synthesis and in vitro leishmanicidal activity of novel [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine salts. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis remains a significant worldwide problem; it is of great interest to develop new drugs to fight this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martín-Montes
- Departamento de Parasitología
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA)
- Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada
- Granada
- Spain
| | | | - Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Departamento de Parasitología
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA)
- Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Departamento de Parasitología
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA)
- Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada
- Granada
- Spain
| | | | - Belén Abarca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46100 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Rafael Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46100 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Moreno
- Departamento de Parasitología
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA)
- Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada
- Granada
- Spain
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12
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Pankajakshan S, Ang WL, Sreejith S, Stuparu MC, Loh TP. Aerobic Copper Catalysis for Tandem Oxy-N-alkenylation of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Pankajakshan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371
| | - Wei Li Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371
| | - Sivarampanicker Sreejith
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371
| | - Mihaiela Corina Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
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13
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Rodríguez-Hernández D, Barbosa LCA, Demuner AJ, de Almeida RM, Fujiwara RT, Ferreira SR. Highly potent anti-leishmanial derivatives of hederagenin, a triperpenoid from Sapindus saponaria L. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:153-159. [PMID: 27569196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTDs), endemic in 88 countries that affect more than 12 million people. Current drugs are limited due to their toxicity, development of biological resistance, length of treatment and high cost. Thus, the search for new effective and less toxic treatments is an urgent need. In this study, we report the synthesis of 3 new amide derivatives of hederagenin (22-24) with yields between 70% and 90%, along with 57 other derivatives of hederagenin (1-21, 25-60) carrying different groups at C-28 previously reported by our group, and the results of their in vitro ability to inhibit the growth of Leishmania infantum. Some derivatives (3, 4, 44, 49 and 52), showed activity at micromolar level and low toxicity against BGM and HepG2 cells. Moreover, the ability of hederagenin derivatives 3 (IC50 = 9.7 μM), 4 (12 μM), 44 (11 μM) and 49 (2 μM), to prevent proliferation of intracellular amastigote forms of L. infantum and their higher selectivity index and low toxicity compared to commercial positive drug control of choice (potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate) (IC50 = 80 μM, SI = 0.1), make these compounds promising candidates for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H Rolf, s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz C A Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H Rolf, s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antonio J Demuner
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H Rolf, s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel M de Almeida
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Fujiwara
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião R Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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14
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Cifuentes T, Cayupi J, Celis-Barros C, Zapata-Torres G, Ballesteros R, Ballesteros-Garrido R, Abarca B, Jullian C. Spectroscopic studies of the interaction of 3-(2-thienyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine with 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin and ctDNA. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9760-9767. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The studied effect of the inclusion complex on the ctDNA interaction indicates that the TTP-DMβCD complex binds similarly to ctDNA compared to free TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Cifuentes
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad de Chile
- Chile
| | - J. Cayupi
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad de Chile
- Chile
| | - C. Celis-Barros
- Departamento Química Inorgánica y Analítica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad de Chile
- Chile
| | - G. Zapata-Torres
- Departamento Química Inorgánica y Analítica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad de Chile
- Chile
| | - Rafael Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Valencia
- Spain
| | | | - B. Abarca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Valencia
- Spain
| | - C. Jullian
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad de Chile
- Chile
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15
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Adam R, Bilbao-Ramos P, Abarca B, Ballesteros R, González-Rosende ME, Dea-Ayuela MA, Estevan F, Alzuet-Piña G. Triazolopyridopyrimidines: an emerging family of effective DNA photocleavers. DNA binding. Antileishmanial activity. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4903-17. [PMID: 25812028 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triazolopyridopyrimidines 3-phenyl-6,8-di(2-pyridyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[5',1':6,1]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1a), 6,8-di(pyridin-2-yl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[1',5':1,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1b) and 3-methyl-6,8-di(2-pyridyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[5',1':6,1]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1c) were prepared and their electrochemical and luminescence properties were studied in depth. The DNA binding ability of this series of compounds has been investigated by means of UV-vis absorption and fluorescence titrations, steady-state emission quenching with ferrocyanide as well as viscosity measurements. Results have shown that triazolopyridopyrimidine 1a interacts strongly at DNA grooves. This compound also displays preferential binding to GC-rich sequences and the ability to photooxidize guanine. Moreover, these studies have revealed the key role of the phenyl substituent at the triazole ring in the binding affinity of 1a-c. Compounds 1b and 1c did not show appreciable propensity for DNA binding, however these triazolopyridopyrimidines demonstrated to present photoinduced DNA cleavage activity, 1b being more active than 1c. DNA photocleavage mediated by these compounds takes place mainly through single strand scission events and, in a minor extent, through double strand cuts. Mechanistic investigations using radical scavengers showed that both 1b and 1c generate reactive oxygen species (singlet oxygen, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) upon irradiation. Both type I and type II mechanisms are involved in the photocleavage process. Furthermore, compounds 1a-c were tested for their antiprotozoal activity against four different Leishmania spp. (L. infantum, L. braziliensis, L. guyanensis and L. amazonensis). Triazolopyridopyrimidines 1a and 1c resulted to be more active and selective than the reference drug (miltefosine) in vitro against L. infantum amastigotes. Compound 1a exhibited high leishmanicidal activity against L. infantum spleen forms in the in vivo test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Adam
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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