1
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Mandal AK. Mitochondrial targeting of potent nanoparticulated drugs in combating diseases. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:614-633. [PMID: 35790487 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by the electron transport chain (ETC) leakage and reduced adenosine tri-phosphate synthesis, occurs primarily due to free radicals -induced mutations in either the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) or nuclear (n) DNA caused by pathogenic infections, toxicant exposures, adverse drug-effects, or other environmental exposures, leading to secondary dysfunction affecting ischemic, diabetic, cancerous, and degenerative diseases. In these concerns, mitochondria-targeted remedies may include a significant role in the protection and treatment of mitochondrial function to enhance its activity. Coenzyme Q10 pyridinol and pyrimidinol antioxidant analogues and other potent drug-compounds for their multifunctional radical quencher and other anti-toxic activities may take a significant therapeutic effectivity for ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the encapsulation of these bioactive ligands-attached potent compounds in vesicular system may enable them a superb biological effective for the treatment of mitochondria-targeted dysfunction-related diseases with least side effects. This review depicts mainly on mitochondrial enzymatic dysfunction and their amelioration by potent drugs with the usages of nanoparticulated delivery system against mitochondria-affected diseases.
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2
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Bauer MR, Di Fruscia P, Lucas SCC, Michaelides IN, Nelson JE, Storer RI, Whitehurst BC. Put a ring on it: application of small aliphatic rings in medicinal chemistry. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:448-471. [PMID: 33937776 PMCID: PMC8083977 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic three- and four-membered rings including cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, oxetanes, azetidines and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes have been increasingly exploited in medicinal chemistry for their beneficial physicochemical properties and applications as functional group bioisosteres. This review provides a historical perspective and comparative up to date overview of commonly applied small rings, exemplifying key principles with recent literature examples. In addition to describing the merits and advantages of each ring system, potential hazards and liabilities are also illustrated and explained, including any significant chemical or metabolic stability and toxicity risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Bauer
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Paolo Di Fruscia
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Simon C C Lucas
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | | | - Jennifer E Nelson
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - R Ian Storer
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
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3
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Multifunctional radical quenchers as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1605-1624. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, and is believed to cause or contribute to the etiology of these diseases. These disorders are frequently associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. One of the design strategies for therapeutic intervention involves the development of novel small molecules containing redox cores, which can scavenge reactive oxygen radicals and selectively block oxidative damage to the mitochondria. Presently, we describe recent research dealing with multifunctional radical quenchers as antioxidants able to scavenge reactive oxygen radicals. The review encompasses ubiquinone and tocopherol analogs, as well as novel pyri(mi)dinol derivatives, and their ability to function as protective agents in cellular models of mitochondrial diseases.
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4
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Brand RM, Wipf P, Durham A, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Falo LD. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:920. [PMID: 30177881 PMCID: PMC6110189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmitigated UV radiation (UVR) induces skin photoaging and multiple forms of cutaneous carcinoma by complex pathways that include those mediated by UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of events is induced that overwhelms the skin’s natural antioxidant defenses and results in DNA damage, intracellular lipid and protein peroxidation, and the dysregulation of pathways that modulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. To this end, natural products with potent antioxidant properties have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse this damage with varying degrees of success. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to ROS and subsequent DNA damage as they are a major intracellular source of oxidants. Therefore, the development of mitochondrially targeted agents to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage is a logical approach to prevent and treat UV-induced skin damage. We summarize evidence that some existing natural products may reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and support for synthetically generated mitochondrial targeted cyclic nitroxides as potential alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of UVR-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Austin Durham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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5
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Montenegro L, Turnaturi R, Parenti C, Pasquinucci L. Idebenone: Novel Strategies to Improve Its Systemic and Local Efficacy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E87. [PMID: 29401722 PMCID: PMC5853719 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The key role of antioxidants in treating and preventing many systemic and topical diseases is well recognized. One of the most potent antioxidants available for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use is Idebenone (IDE), a synthetic analogue of Coenzyme Q10. Unfortunately, IDE's unfavorable physicochemical properties such as poor water solubility and high lipophilicity impair its bioavailability after oral and topical administration and prevent its parenteral use. In recent decades, many strategies have been proposed to improve IDE effectiveness in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and skin disorders. After a brief description of IDE potential therapeutic applications and its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, this review will focus on the different approaches investigated to overcome IDE drawbacks, such as IDE incorporation into different types of delivery systems (liposomes, cyclodextrins, microemulsions, self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems, lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles) and IDE chemical modification. The results of these studies will be illustrated with emphasis on the most innovative strategies and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Montenegro
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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6
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Mastroeni D, Nolz J, Khdour OM, Sekar S, Delvaux E, Cuyugan L, Liang WS, Hecht SM, Coleman PD. Oligomeric amyloid β preferentially targets neuronal and not glial mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:775-786. [PMID: 29396107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our laboratories have demonstrated that accumulation of oligomeric amyloid β (OAβ) in neurons is an essential step leading to OAβ-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS Alzheimer's disease (AD) and matching control hippocampal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia were isolated by laser-captured microdissection from the same subjects, followed by whole-transcriptome sequencing. Complementary in vitro work was performed in OAβ-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y, followed by the use of a novel CoQ10 analogue for protection. This compound is believed to be effective both in suppressing reactive oxygen species and also functioning in mitochondrial electron transport. RESULTS We report decreases in the same mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs in Alzheimer's disease laser-captured CA1 neurons and in OAβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells, but not in laser-captured microglia and astrocytes. Pretreatment with a novel CoQ10 analogue, protects neuronal mitochondria from OAβ-induced mitochondrial changes. DISCUSSION Similarity of expression changes in neurons from Alzheimer's disease brain and neuronal cells treated with OAβ, and the effect of a CoQ10 analogue on the latter, suggests a pretreatment option to prevent OAβ toxicity, long before the damage is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Omar M Khdour
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | - Elaine Delvaux
- ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | | | - Sidney M Hecht
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Paul D Coleman
- ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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7
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Lawande PP, Sontakke VA, Kumbhar NM, Bhagwat TR, Ghosh S, Shinde VS. Polyhydroxylated azetidine iminosugars: Synthesis, glycosidase inhibitory activity and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5291-5295. [PMID: 29074258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical strategy for the synthesis of unknown azetidine iminosugars (2S,3R,4S)-2-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)azetidine 2, (2S,3r,4R)-3-hydroxy-2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)azetidine 3 and (2S,3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-N-methylazetidine-2-carboxylic acid 4, starting from the d-glucose has been reported. The methodology involves preparation of the 3-amino-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-deoxy-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsillyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose 9, which was converted to the C-5-OMs derivative 11. Intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of the C-5-OMs group with in situ generated 3-amino functionality provided the required key azetidine ring skeletons 10 with additional hydroxymethyl group. Removal of 1,2-acetonide protection, followed by reduction and hydrogenolysis afforded azetidine iminosugar 2. Alternatively, removal of 1,2-acetonide group and chopping of C1-anomeric carbon gave C2-aldehyde that on reduction or oxidation followed by hydrogenolysis gave 2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl) azetidine iminosugars 3 and N-methylazetidine-2-carboxylic acid 4 respectively. The glycosidase inhibitory activity of 2-4 iminosugars was screened against various glycosidase enzymes and compared with a standard miglitol. Amongst synthesized targets, the compound 2 was found to be more potent amyloglucosidase inhibitor than miglitol. These results were supported by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin P Lawande
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly, University of Pune), Pune 411007, India
| | - Vyankat A Sontakke
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly, University of Pune), Pune 411007, India
| | - Navanath M Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly, University of Pune), Pune 411007, India
| | - Tanay R Bhagwat
- Department of Microbiology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411016, India
| | - Sougata Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411016, India
| | - Vaishali S Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly, University of Pune), Pune 411007, India.
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8
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Zilka O, Shah R, Li B, Friedmann Angeli JP, Griesser M, Conrad M, Pratt DA. On the Mechanism of Cytoprotection by Ferrostatin-1 and Liproxstatin-1 and the Role of Lipid Peroxidation in Ferroptotic Cell Death. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:232-243. [PMID: 28386601 PMCID: PMC5364454 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis associated with the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides that may play a key role in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases in which lipid peroxidation has been implicated. High-throughput screening efforts have identified ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) as potent inhibitors of ferroptosis - an activity that has been ascribed to their ability to slow the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Herein we demonstrate that this activity likely derives from their reactivity as radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs) rather than their potency as inhibitors of lipoxygenases. Although inhibited autoxidations of styrene revealed that Fer-1 and Lip-1 react roughly 10-fold more slowly with peroxyl radicals than reactions of α-tocopherol (α-TOH), they were significantly more reactive than α-TOH in phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers - consistent with the greater potency of Fer-1 and Lip-1 relative to α-TOH as inhibitors of ferroptosis. None of Fer-1, Lip-1, and α-TOH inhibited human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) overexpressed in HEK-293 cells when assayed at concentrations where they inhibited ferroptosis. These results stand in stark contrast to those obtained with a known 15-LOX-1 inhibitor (PD146176), which was able to inhibit the enzyme at concentrations where it was effective in inhibiting ferroptosis. Given the likelihood that Fer-1 and Lip-1 subvert ferroptosis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation as RTAs, we evaluated the antiferroptotic potential of 1,8-tetrahydronaphthyridinols (hereafter THNs): rationally designed radical-trapping antioxidants of unparalleled reactivity. We show for the first time that the inherent reactivity of the THNs translates to cell culture, where lipophilic THNs were similarly effective to Fer-1 and Lip-1 at subverting ferroptosis induced by either pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the hydroperoxide-detoxifying enzyme Gpx4 in mouse fibroblasts, and glutamate-induced death of mouse hippocampal cells. These results demonstrate that potent RTAs subvert ferroptosis and suggest that lipid peroxidation (autoxidation) may play a central role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Zilka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ron Shah
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - José Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Institute
of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, München, Germany
| | - Markus Griesser
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute
of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, München, Germany
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- E-mail:
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9
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Chevalier A, Khdour OM, Schmierer M, Bandyopadhyay I, Hecht SM. Influence of substituent heteroatoms on the cytoprotective properties of pyrimidinol antioxidants. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1703-1716. [PMID: 28189395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we described the optimization of novel pyrimidinol-based antioxidants as potential therapeutic molecules for targeting mitochondrial diseases. That study focused on improving the potency and metabolic stability of pyrimidinol antioxidants. This led us to consider the possibility of altering the positions of the exocyclic alkoxy and alkylamino substituents on the pyrimidinol scaffold. Twelve new analogues were prepared and their biological activities were investigated. The metabolic stability of the prepared regioisomers was also assessed in vitro using bovine liver microsomes. Unexpectedly, the 2-alkoxy-4-alkylamino substituted pyrimidinol antioxidants were found to have properties in protecting mitochondrial function superior to the isomeric 4-alkoxy-2-alkylamino substituted pyrimidinols evaluated in all earlier studies. This observation suggests a possible mode of action involving the intermediacy of an ortho-iminoquinone, a species not previously associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chevalier
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Omar M Khdour
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Margaret Schmierer
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Indrajit Bandyopadhyay
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Sidney M Hecht
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
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10
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3-Azidoazetidines as the first scaffolds for β-amino azetidine carboxylic acid peptidomimetics: azetidine iminosugars containing an acetamido group do not inhibit β- N -acetylhexosaminidases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Chevalier A, Alam MP, Khdour OM, Schmierer M, Arce PM, Cripe CD, Hecht SM. Optimization of pyrimidinol antioxidants as mitochondrial protective agents: ATP production and metabolic stability. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5206-5220. [PMID: 27624526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously we described a novel series of pyrimidinol antioxidants and their structural optimization as potential therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative and mitochondrial disorders. Our initial lead compound was a potent antioxidant in vitro, but was subsequently found to exhibit poor stability to oxidative metabolism. The current study focused on balancing potency with metabolic stability through structural modification, and involved modifications at positions 2 and 4 of the pyrimidinol redox core, likely sites of oxidative metabolism. Eight new analogues have been prepared and their ability to suppress lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to preserve mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and support ATP production, has been investigated. The metabolic stability of the prepared compounds was also assessed in vitro using bovine liver microsomes to obtain preliminary insight on this class of compounds. This study revealed the complexity of balancing reasonable metabolic stability with efficient antioxidant properties. While a few analogues appear promising, especially in terms of metabolic stability, a 4-isopropoxy derivative conserved the favorable biological activity and exhibited good metabolic stability. The favorable metabolic stability conferred by the combination of the azetidine and isopropoxy moieties in analogue 6 makes this compound an excellent candidate for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chevalier
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Mohammad Parvez Alam
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Omar M Khdour
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Margaret Schmierer
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Pablo M Arce
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Cameron D Cripe
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Sidney M Hecht
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
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12
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Barday M, Ho KYT, Halsall CT, Aïssa C. Regioselective Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-4,5-alkyl-Substituted Pyridines Using 1,3-Enynes as Alkynes Surrogates. Org Lett 2016; 18:1756-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Barday
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Kelvin Y. T. Ho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher T. Halsall
- Oncology
Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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13
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Liu Z, Jenkinson SF, Vermaas T, Adachi I, Wormald MR, Hata Y, Kurashima Y, Kaji A, Yu CY, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. 3-Fluoroazetidinecarboxylic Acids and trans,trans-3,4-Difluoroproline as Peptide Scaffolds: Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth by a Fluoroazetidine Iminosugar. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4244-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilei Liu
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Tom Vermaas
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Isao Adachi
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mark R. Wormald
- Glycobiology
Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Yukako Hata
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kurashima
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Akira Kaji
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
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