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Zeng S, Chen Y, Zhou F, Zhang T, Fan X, Chrzanowski W, Gillies MC, Zhu L. Recent advances and prospects for lipid-based nanoparticles as drug carriers in the treatment of human retinal diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114965. [PMID: 37315899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of cures for retinal diseases remains problematic. There are four main challenges: passing through multiple barriers of the eye, the delivery to particular retinal cell types, the capability to carry different forms of therapeutic cargo and long-term therapeutic efficacy. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are potent to overcome these challenges due to their unique merits: amphiphilic nanoarchitectures to pass biological barriers, vary modifications with specific affinity to target cell types, flexible capacity for large and mixed types of cargos and slow-release formulations for long-term treatment. We have reviewed the latest research on the applications of LBNPs for treating retinal diseases and categorized them by different payloads. Furthermore, we identified technical barriers and discussed possible future development for LBNPs to expand the therapeutic potential in treating retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxue Zeng
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yingying Chen
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | | | - Mark C Gillies
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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2
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Application of Non-Viral Vectors in Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193307. [PMID: 34641123 PMCID: PMC8512075 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vectors and carriers play an indispensable role in gene therapy and drug delivery. Non-viral vectors are widely developed and applied in clinical practice due to their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, easy synthesis and modification, and low cost of production. This review summarized a variety of non-viral vectors and carriers including polymers, liposomes, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes from the aspects of physicochemical characteristics, synthesis methods, functional modifications, and research applications. Notably, non-viral vectors can enhance the absorption of cargos, prolong the circulation time, improve therapeutic effects, and provide targeted delivery. Additional studies focused on recent innovation of novel synthesis techniques for vector materials. We also elaborated on the problems and future research directions in the development of non-viral vectors, which provided a theoretical basis for their broad applications.
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3
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Liu Y, Tan M, Fang C, Chen X, Liu H, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Min W. A novel multifunctional gold nanorod-mediated and tumor-targeted gene silencing of GPC-3 synergizes photothermal therapy for liver cancer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:175101. [PMID: 33445163 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abdbed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-specific targeted delivery is a major obstacle to clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we have developed a novel multi-functional nanostructure GAL-GNR-siGPC-3, which consists of Galactose (GAL) as the HCC-targeting moiety, golden nanorods (GNR) as a framework to destroy tumor cells under laser irradiation, and siRNA of Glypican-3 (siGPC-3) which induce specifically gene silence of GPC-3 in HCC. Glypican-3 (GPC-3) gene is highly associated with HCC and is a new potential target for HCC therapy. On the other hand, Gal can specifically bind to the asialoglycoprotein receptor which is highly expressed on membrane of hepatoma cells. GAL and siGPC-3 can induce targeted silencing of GPC-3 gene in hepatoma cells. In vivo and in vitro results showed that GAL-GNR-siGPC-3 could significantly induce downregulation of GPC-3 gene and inhibit the progression of HCC. More notably, GAL-GNR-siGPC-3 could induce both GPC-3 gene silencing and photothermal effects, and the synergistic treatment of tumors was more effective than individual treatments. In summary, GAL-GNR-siGPC-3 achieved a synergistic outcome to the treatment of cancer, which opens up a new approach for the development of clinical therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Tan
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjuan Fang
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Min
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 People's Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Pathology and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5A5, Canada
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4
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Khalil IA, Younis MA, Kimura S, Harashima H. Lipid Nanoparticles for Cell-Specific in Vivo Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acids. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:584-595. [PMID: 32238701 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The last few years have witnessed a great advance in the development of nonviral systems for in vivo targeted delivery of nucleic acids. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most promising carriers for producing clinically approved products in the future. Compared with other systems used for nonviral gene delivery, LNPs provide several advantages including higher stability, low toxicity, and greater efficiency. Additionally, systems based on LNPs can be modified with ligands and devices for controlled biodistribution and internalization into specific cells. Efforts are ongoing to improve the efficiency of lipid-based gene vectors. These efforts depend on the appropriate design of nanocarriers as well as the development of new lipids with improved gene delivery ability. Several ionizable lipids have recently been developed and have shown dramatically improved efficiency. However, enhancing the ability of nanocarriers to target specific cells in the body remains the most difficult challenge. Systemically administered LNPs can access organs in which the capillaries are characterized by the presence of fenestrations, such as the liver and spleen. The liver has received the most attention to date, although targeted delivery to the spleen has recently emerged as a promising tool for modulating the immune system. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of LNPs for cell-specific targeted delivery of nucleic acids. We focus mainly on targeting liver hepatocytes and spleen immune cells as excellent targets for gene therapy. We also discuss the potential of endothelial cells as an alternate approach for targeting organs with a continuous endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikramy A Khalil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
| | - Mahmoud A Younis
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
| | - Seigo Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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5
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Patil S, Gao YG, Lin X, Li Y, Dang K, Tian Y, Zhang WJ, Jiang SF, Qadir A, Qian AR. The Development of Functional Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5491. [PMID: 31690044 PMCID: PMC6862238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is manipulation in/of gene expression in specific cells/tissue to treat diseases. This manipulation is carried out by introducing exogenous nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, into the cell. Because of their negative charge and considerable larger size, the delivery of these molecules, in general, should be mediated by gene vectors. Non-viral vectors, as promising delivery systems, have received considerable attention due to their low cytotoxicity and non-immunogenicity. As research continued, more and more functional non-viral vectors have emerged. They not only have the ability to deliver a gene into the cells but also have other functions, such as the performance of fluorescence imaging, which aids in monitoring their progress, targeted delivery, and biodegradation. Recently, many reviews related to non-viral vectors, such as polymers and cationic lipids, have been reported. However, there are few reviews regarding functional non-viral vectors. This review summarizes the common functional non-viral vectors developed in the last ten years and their potential applications in the future. The transfection efficiency and the transport mechanism of these materials were also discussed in detail. We hope that this review can help researchers design more new high-efficiency and low-toxicity multifunctional non-viral vectors, and further accelerate the progress of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiao Lin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Shan-Feng Jiang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ai-Rong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Qian J, Zha L, Wang B, Zhang C, Hong L, Chen W. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and liver targeting of 3-O-β-D-Galactosylated Resveratrol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:929-936. [PMID: 30834522 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resveratrol (Res), a naturally occurring polyphenol, has shown pharmacological activities in treatment of liver diseases. However, the application of Res was limited by its poor bioavailability and liver targeting. Herein, 3-O-β-D-Galactosylated Resveratrol (Gal-Res) was synthesized by structural modification of Res to enhance bioavailability and liver targeting. METHODS The Gal-Res was characterized by IR, 1 H-NMR spectra and MS. The in vitro antitumour experiments, in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were evaluated. RESULTS Gal-Res was successfully synthesized in our study. Compared to Res, Gal-Res resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. After intravenous injection of normal SD rats, Gal-Res significantly improved the bioavailability of Res and the Cmax and AUC0-t of Gal-Res were 3.186 and 3.929 time than that of Res. In addition, in the study of liver targeting, the relative uptake rate (Re ) of Gal-Res in the liver (2.006) is the largest. The drug targeting efficiency (Te ; 38.924%) of Gal-Res was greater than that of Res. These showed that Gal-Res could significantly improve the distribution ability of Res in liver. CONCLUSIONS On the whole, Gal-Res increased cellular uptake to HepG2 cells, bioavailability and liver targeting, providing its future clinical application in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liqiong Zha
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lufeng Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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7
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Sugawara K, Kuramitz H, Kadoya T. Label-free cytosensing of cancer cells based on the interaction between protein and an electron-transfer carbohydrate-mimetic peptide. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:166-176. [PMID: 30327107 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We used an electron-transfer carbohydrate-mimetic peptide (YYYYC) to construct an electrochemical cytosensing system. Magnetic beads were modified with either asialofetuin (ASF) or soybean agglutinin (SBA) to evaluate the effect on cell sensing. Because SBA binds to the galactose residue that exists at the terminals of the carbohydrate chains in ASF, the target protein was accumulated on the protein magnetic beads. SBA is an example of N-acetylgalactosamine- and galactose-binding proteins that readily combine with YYYYC. When the peptides and protein-immobilized beads competed for a target protein, the peak current of the peptides changed according to the concentration of the protein at the 10-12 M level. Next, human myeloid leukemia cells (K562 cell) were measured using the peptide and the carbohydrate chains on the cell surface that recognize SBA. The electrode response was linear to the number of K562 cells and ranged from 1.0 × 102 to 5.0 × 103 cells mL-1. In addition, detection of a human liver cancer cell (HepG2 cell) was carried out using interactions with the peptide, the ASF receptors in HepG2 cells, and the carbohydrate chains of ASF. The peak currents were proportional and ranged between 5.0 × 101 and 1.5 × 103 cells mL-1. When the values estimated from an electrochemical process were compared with those obtained by ELISA, the results were within the acceptable range of measurement error.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
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8
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Astakhova K, Ray R, Taskova M, Uhd J, Carstens A, Morris K. "Clicking" Gene Therapeutics: A Successful Union of Chemistry and Biomedicine for New Solutions. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2892-2899. [PMID: 29300491 PMCID: PMC6078818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of nucleic acid, DNA and RNA, based strategies to disrupt gene expression as a therapeutic is quickly emerging. Indeed, synthetic oligonucleotides represent a major component of modern gene therapeutics. However, the efficiency and specificity of intracellular uptake for nonmodified oligonucleotides is rather poor. Utilizing RNA based oligonucleotides as therapeutics is even more challenging to deliver, due to extremely fast enzymatic degradation of the RNAs. RNAs get rapidly degraded in vivo and demonstrate large off-target binding events when they can reach and enter the desired target cells. One approach that holds much promise is the utilization of "click chemistry" to conjugate receptor or cell specific targeting molecules directly to the effector oligonucleotides. We discuss here the applications of the breakthrough technology of CuAAC click chemistry and the immense potential in utilizing "click chemistry" in the development of new age targeted oligonucleotide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Astakhova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 206 Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roslyn Ray
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope – Beckman Research Institute and Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope. 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Maria Taskova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 206 Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Uhd
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 206 Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annika Carstens
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 206 Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kevin Morris
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope – Beckman Research Institute and Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope. 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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9
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Huang KW, Lai YT, Chern GJ, Huang SF, Tsai CL, Sung YC, Chiang CC, Hwang PB, Ho TL, Huang RL, Shiue TY, Chen Y, Wang SK. Galactose Derivative-Modified Nanoparticles for Efficient siRNA Delivery to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2330-2339. [PMID: 29808997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful siRNA therapy requires suitable delivery systems with targeting moieties such as small molecules, peptides, antibodies, or aptamers. Galactose (Gal) residues recognized by the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) can serve as potent targeting moieties for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, efficient targeting to HCC via galactose moieties rather than normal liver tissues in HCC patients remains a challenge. To achieve more efficient siRNA delivery in HCC, we synthesized various galactoside derivatives and investigated the siRNA delivery capability of nanoparticles modified with those galactoside derivatives. In this study, we assembled lipid/calcium/phosphate nanoparticles (LCP NPs) conjugated with eight types of galactoside derivatives and demonstrated that phenyl β-d-galactoside-decorated LCP NPs (L4-LCP NPs) exhibited a superior siRNA delivery into HCC cells compared to normal hepatocytes. VEGF siRNAs delivered by L4-LCP NPs downregulated VEGF expression in HCC in vitro and in vivo and led to a potent antiangiogenic effect in the tumor microenvironment of a murine orthotopic HCC model. The efficient delivery of VEGF siRNA by L4-LCP NPs that resulted in significant tumor regression indicates that phenyl galactoside could be a promising HCC-targeting ligand for therapeutic siRNA delivery to treat liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Lai
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Guann-Jen Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Shao-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Tsai
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chieh Sung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Pi-Bei Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lun Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lin Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
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10
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Aravalli RN, Steer CJ. CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics for liver diseases. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4265-4278. [PMID: 29266637 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative genome editing techniques in recent years has revolutionized the field of biomedicine. Among the novel approaches, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9) technology has become the most popular, in part due to its matchless ability to carry out gene editing at the target site with great precision. With considerable successes in animal and preclinical studies, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing has paved the way for its use in human trials, including patients with a variety of liver diseases. Gene editing is a logical therapeutic approach for liver diseases because many metabolic and acquired disorders are caused by mutations within a single gene. In this review, we provide an overview on current and emerging therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver diseases using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal N Aravalli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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11
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Sakamoto S, Fujii S, Yoshida K, Sakurai K. Supramolecular Chirality: Vesicle-to-Chiral Helix Transition of the Micelles Consisting of a Sugar-Bearing Calix[4]arene Surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12434-12441. [PMID: 27389732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly and the resulting chiral transfer from the molecular level to the nanoscale is a major topic in modern supramolecular chemistry. We synthesized a galactose-bearing calix[4]arene surfactant (chiral) and mixed it with a primary amine-bearing analogue (achiral). The mixture showed strong induced circular dichroism (ICD) at an almost 3:2 molar ratio of the two surfactants, and exothermic heat was observed upon mixing. The magnitude of ΔH was comparable to that of van der Waals interactions. This phenomenon indicated that the ICD can be ascribed to the formation of a new supramolecular assembly in which the stoichiometric interaction between the two molecules leads to complexation and the resultant complex has chiral morphology. Transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering showed that the galactose-bearing surfactant forms vesicles, and the mixing induces a transition from the vesicles to threadlike cylinders with a diameter of ∼3.0 nm. We presume that these cylinder are twisted because of chiral transfer from the chiral galactose moiety and show ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu , Fukuoka 808-0132, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu , Fukuoka 808-0132, Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu , Fukuoka 808-0132, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu , Fukuoka 808-0132, Japan
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12
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Multivalent glycoconjugate as the vector of target delivery of bioactive compounds. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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An J, Zheng L, Xie S, Yin F, Huo X, Guo J, Zhang X. Regulatory Effects and Mechanism of Adenovirus-Mediated PTEN Gene on Hepatic Stellate Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1107-20. [PMID: 26660904 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is important in liver fibrosis. AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the PTEN gene effects and mechanism of action on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS The rat primary HSCs and human LX-2 cells were transfected by an adenovirus containing cDNA constructs encoding the wild-type PTEN (Ad-PTEN), the PTEN mutant G129E gene (Ad-G129E) and RNA interference targeting the PTEN sequence PTEN short hairpin RNA (PTEN shRNA), to up-regulate and down-regulate PTEN expression, respectively. The HSCs were assayed with a fluorescent microscope, real time PCR, Western blot, MTT, flow cytometry and Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling. In addition, the CCl4 induced rat hepatic fibrosis model was also established to check the in vivo effects of the recombinant adenovirus with various levels of PTEN expression. RESULTS The data have shown that the over-expressed PTEN gene led to reduced HSCs activation and viability, caspase-3 activity and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, as well as negative regulation of the PI3K/Akt and FAK/ERK signaling pathways in vitro. The over-expressed PTEN gene improved liver function, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HSCs both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data have shown that gene therapy using the recombinant adenovirus encoding wild-type PTEN inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HSCs, which is a potential treatment option for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan An
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Libo Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Shurui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Fengrong Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Aravalli RN, Steer CJ. Gene editing technology as an approach to the treatment of liver diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:595-608. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1158808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Macrophage-Targeting Gene Delivery Using a Micelle Composed of Mannose-Modified Lipid with Triazole Ring and Dioleoyl Trimethylammonium Propane. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:350580. [PMID: 26509149 PMCID: PMC4609769 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene carriers with cell specific ligand molecules are needed for the treatment of several diseases. Mannose is known to be recognized and incorporated into the cells through mannose recognition lectins that are exclusively expressed on macrophages. In this study, we synthesized two types of mannose-modified lipids with different stereoisomer (α-mannose and β-mannose). To make a complex with plasmid DNA (pDNA), termed “lipoplex,” we prepared a two-component micelle made from cationic lipid; dioleoyltrimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP); and mannose-modified lipid (D/α-Man or D/β-Man). The prepared D/α-Man lipoplexes were able to bind to one of the α-mannose lectins concanavalin A (ConA) immobilized on gold substrate in the quartz-crystal microbalance sensor cell. D/β-Man lipoplexes did not show any frequency changes. These results indicate that the mannose residues were exposed on the lipoplexes, leading to not only the binding to ConA but also the prevention of nonspecific interactions with proteins. Both lipoplexes showed high transfection efficiencies to RAW264.7 cells which have several kinds of mannose lectins. This delivery system to macrophages may overcome the problems for gene therapy and may be used for the treatment of immune diseases involved in macrophages.
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Aravalli RN, Belcher JD, Steer CJ. Liver-targeted gene therapy: Approaches and challenges. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:718-37. [PMID: 25824605 PMCID: PMC9353592 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a major role in many inherited and acquired genetic disorders. It is also the site for the treatment of certain inborn errors of metabolism that do not directly cause injury to the liver. The advancement of nucleic acid-based therapies for liver maladies has been severely limited because of the myriad untoward side effects and methodological limitations. To address these issues, research efforts in recent years have been intensified toward the development of targeted gene approaches using novel genetic tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats as well as various nonviral vectors such as Sleeping Beauty transposons, PiggyBac transposons, and PhiC31 integrase. Although each of these methods uses a distinct mechanism of gene modification, all of them are dependent on the efficient delivery of DNA and RNA molecules into the cell. This review provides an overview of current and emerging therapeutic strategies for liver-targeted gene therapy and gene repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal N. Aravalli
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 54455
| | - John D. Belcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 54455
| | - Clifford J. Steer
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 54455,Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 54455
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