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Al-Taie ZS, Bartholomew B, Coles SJ, Evans DM, Hollinshead J, Jones LF, Kraehenbuehl R, Murphy PJ, Nash RJ, Penkova YB, Tizzard GJ. Cyclic guanidine containing amino acids that promote glucocerebrosidase. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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2
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van der Aart J, Yaqub M, Kooijman EJM, Bakker J, Langermans JAM, Schuit RC, Hofman MBM, Christiaans JAM, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD, van Berckel BNM. Evaluation of the Novel PET Tracer [ 11C]HACH242 for Imaging the GluN2B NMDA Receptor in Non-Human Primates. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:676-685. [PMID: 30306318 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are currently no positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for the GluN2B (NR2B) binding sites of brain N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In rats, the GluN2B antagonist Ro25-6981 reduced the binding of N-((5-(4-fluoro-2-[11C]methoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)cyclopentanamin ([11C]HACH242). This paper reports the evaluation of [11C]HACH242 PET in non-human primates at baseline and following administration of the GluN2B negative allosteric modulator radiprodil. PROCEDURES Eight 90-min dynamic [11C]HACH242 PET scans were acquired in three male anaesthetised rhesus monkeys, including a retest session of subject 1, at baseline and 10 min after intravenous 10 mg/kg radiprodil. Standardised uptake values (SUV) were calculated for 9 brain regions. Arterial blood samples were taken at six timepoints to characterise pharmacokinetics in blood and plasma. Reliable input functions for kinetic modelling could not be generated due to variability in the whole-blood radioactivity measurements. RESULTS [11C]HACH242 entered the brain and displayed fairly uniform uptake. The mean (± standard deviation, SD) Tmax was 17 ± 7 min in baseline scans and 24 ± 15 min in radiprodil scans. The rate of radioligand metabolism in plasma (primarily to polar metabolites) was high, with mean parent fractions of 26 ± 10 % at 20 min and 8 ± 5 % at 85 min. Radiprodil increased [11C]HACH242 whole-brain SUV in the last PET frame by 25 %, 1 %, 3 and 17 % for subjects 1, 2, 3 and retest of subject 1, respectively. The mean brain to plasma ratio was 5.4 ± 2.6, and increased by 39 to 110 % in the radiprodil condition, partly due to lower parent plasma radioactivity of -11 to -56 %. CONCLUSIONS The present results show that [11C]HACH242 has a suitable kinetic profile in the brain and low accumulation of lipophilic radiometabolites. Radiprodil did not consistently change [11C]HACH242 brain uptake. These findings may be explained by variations in cerebral blood flow, a low fraction of specifically bound tracer, or interactions with endogenous NMDA receptor ligands at the binding site. Further experiments of ligand interactions are necessary to facilitate the development of radiotracers for in vivo imaging of the ionotropic NMDA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper van der Aart
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Kooijman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark B M Hofman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A M Christiaans
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Metaxas A, van Berckel BNM, Klein PJ, Verbeek J, Nash EC, Kooijman EJM, Renjaän VA, Golla SSV, Boellaard R, Christiaans JAM, Windhorst AD, Leysen JE. Binding characterization of N-(2-chloro-5-thiomethylphenyl)-N'-(3-[ 3 H] 3 methoxy phenyl)-N'-methylguanidine ([ 3 H]GMOM), a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00458. [PMID: 30784206 PMCID: PMC6381215 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Labeled with carbon‐11, N‐(2‐chloro‐5‐thiomethylphenyl)‐N′‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐methylguanidine ([11C]GMOM) is currently the only positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that has shown selectivity for the ion‐channel site of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors in human imaging studies. The present study reports on the selectivity profile and in vitro binding properties of GMOM. The compound was screened on a panel of 80 targets, and labeled with tritium ([3H]GMOM). The binding properties of [3H]GMOM were compared to those of the reference ion‐channel ligand [3H](+)‐dizocilpine maleate ([3H]MK‐801), in a set of concentration‐response, homologous and heterologous inhibition, and association kinetics assays, performed with repeatedly washed rat forebrain preparations. GMOM was at least 70‐fold more selective for NMDA receptors compared to all other targets examined. In homologous inhibition and concentration‐response assays, the binding of [3H]GMOM was regulated by NMDA receptor agonists, albeit in a less prominent manner compared to [3H]MK‐801. Scatchard transformation of homologous inhibition data produced concave upward curves for [3H]GMOM and [3H]MK‐801. The radioligands showed bi‐exponential association kinetics in the presence of 100 μmol L−1l‐glutamate/30 μmol L−1 glycine. [3H]GMOM (3 nmol L−1 and 10 nmol L−1) was inhibited with dual affinity by (+)‐MK‐801, (R,S)‐ketamine and memantine, in both presence and absence of agonists. [3H]MK‐801 (2 nmol L−1) was inhibited in a monophasic manner by GMOM under baseline and combined agonist conditions, with an IC50 value of ~19 nmol L−1. The non‐linear Scatchard plots, biphasic inhibition by open channel blockers, and bi‐exponential kinetics of [3H]GMOM indicate a complex mechanism of interaction with the NMDA receptor ionophore. The implications for quantifying the PET signal of [11C]GMOM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Klein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Verbeek
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emily C Nash
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Kooijman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Véronique A Renjaän
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandeep S V Golla
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes A M Christiaans
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josée E Leysen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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McGinnity CJ, Årstad E, Beck K, Brooks DJ, Coles JP, Duncan JS, Galovic M, Hinz R, Hirani E, Howes OD, Jones PA, Koepp MJ, Luo F, Riaño Barros DA, Singh N, Trigg W, Hammers A. Comment on " In Vivo [ 18F]GE-179 Brain Signal Does Not Show NMDA-Specific Modulation with Drug Challenges in Rodents and Nonhuman Primates". ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:768-772. [PMID: 30346706 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schoenberger and colleagues ( Schoenberger et al. ( 2018 ) ACS Chem. Neurosci. 9 , 298 - 305 ) recently reported attempts to demonstrate specific binding of the positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, [18F]GE-179, to NMDA receptors in both rats and Rhesus macaques. GE-179 did not work as expected in animal models; however, we disagree with the authors' conclusion that "the [18F]GE-179 signal seems to be largely nonspecific". It is extremely challenging to demonstrate specific binding for the use-dependent NMDA receptor intrachannel ligands such as [18F]GE-179 in animals via traditional blocking, due to its low availability of target sites ( Bmax'). Schoenberger and colleagues anesthetized rats and Rhesus monkeys using isoflurane, which has an inhibitory effect on NMDA receptor function and thus would be expected to further reduce the Bmax'. The extent of glutamate release achieved in the provocation experiments is uncertain, as is whether a significant increase in NMDA receptor channel opening can be expected under anesthesia. Prior data suggest that the uptake of disubstituted arylguanidine-based ligands such as GE-179 can be reduced by phencyclidine binding site antagonists, if injection is performed in the absence of ketamine and isoflurane anesthesia, e.g., with GE-179's antecedent, CNS 5161 ( Biegon et al. ( 2007 ) Synapse 61 , 577 - 586 ), and with GMOM ( van der Doef et al. ( 2016 ) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 36 , 1111 - 1121 ). However, the extent of nonspecific uptake remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J. McGinnity
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- King’s
College London & Guy’s and St Thomas’ PET Centre,
St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Årstad
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Chemistry, University College London, London NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Beck
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Coles
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society, Gerrards Cross SL9 0RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society, Gerrards Cross SL9 0RJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 3LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ella Hirani
- GE Healthcare Ltd, Amersham HP7 9LL, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthias J. Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society, Gerrards Cross SL9 0RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Luo
- GE Healthcare Ltd, Amersham HP7 9LL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela A. Riaño Barros
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, London BR3 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Nisha Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander Hammers
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- King’s
College London & Guy’s and St Thomas’ PET Centre,
St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Hebeisen P, Weiss U, Alker A, Kuhn B, Müller K, Wang F, Surya Prakash GK. Molecular Structure and Crystal Packing of Monofluoromethoxyarenes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hebeisen
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Urs Weiss
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - André Alker
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müller
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Fang Wang
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; 1661 Los Angeles CA 90089- USA
| | - G. K. Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; 1661 Los Angeles CA 90089- USA
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van der Aart J, Golla SSV, van der Pluijm M, Schwarte LA, Schuit RC, Klein PJ, Metaxas A, Windhorst AD, Boellaard R, Lammertsma AA, van Berckel BNM. First in human evaluation of [ 18F]PK-209, a PET ligand for the ion channel binding site of NMDA receptors. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:69. [PMID: 30054846 PMCID: PMC6063804 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts to develop suitable positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for the ion channel site of human N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have had limited success. [18F]PK-209 is a GMOM derivative that binds to the intrachannel phencyclidine site with high affinity and selectivity. Primate PET studies have shown that the volume of distribution in the brain was reduced by administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, consistent with substantial specific binding. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate [18F]PK-209 in 10 healthy humans by assessing test–retest reproducibility and binding specificity following intravenous S-ketamine administration (0.5 mg ∙ kg−1). Five healthy subjects underwent a test–retest protocol, and five others a baseline-ketamine protocol. In all cases dynamic, 120-min PET scans were acquired together with metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input functions. Additional input functions were tested based on within-subject and population-average parent fractions. Results Best fits of the brain time-activity curves were obtained using an irreversible two-tissue compartment model with additional blood volume parameter. Mean test–retest variability of the net rate of influx Ki varied between 7 and 24% depending on the input function. There were no consistent changes in [18F]PK-209 PET parameters following ketamine administration, which may be a consequence of the complex endogenous ligand processes that affect channel gating. Conclusions The molecular interaction between [18F]PK-209 and the binding site within the NMDA receptor ion channel is insufficiently reproducible and specific to be a reliable imaging agent for its quantification. Trial registration EudraCT 2014-001735-36. Registered 28 April 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper van der Aart
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandeep S V Golla
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van der Pluijm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar A Schwarte
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Klein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Demjén A, Angyal A, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. One-pot synthesis of diverseN,N′-disubstituted guanidines fromN-chlorophthalimide, isocyanides and aminesvia N-phthaloyl-guanidines. Org Biomol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A sequential one-pot approach towardsN,N′-disubstituted guanidines fromN-chlorophthalimide, isocyanides and amines is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Demjén
- AVIDIN Ltd
- Szeged
- Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
| | - Anikó Angyal
- AVIDIN Ltd
- Szeged
- Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
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8
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Klein PJ, Schuit RC, Metaxas A, Christiaans JAM, Kooijman E, Lammertsma AA, van Berckel BNM, Windhorst AD. Synthesis, radiolabeling and preclinical evaluation of a [ 11C]GMOM derivative as PET radiotracer for the ion channel of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 51:25-32. [PMID: 28528265 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presently available PET ligands for the NMDAr ion channel generally suffer from fast metabolism. The purpose of this study was to develop a metabolically more stable ligand for the NMDAr ion channel, taking [11C]GMOM ([11C]1) as the lead compound. METHODS [11C]1, its fluoralkyl analogue [18F]PK209 ([18F]2) and the newly synthesized fluorovinyloxy analogue [11C]7b were evaluated ex vivo in male Wistar rats for metabolic stability. In addition, [11C]7b was subjected to a biodistribution study and its affinity (Ki) and lipophilicity (logD7.4) values were determined. RESULTS The addition of a vinyl chain in the fluoromethoxy moiety did not negatively alter the affinity of [11C]7b for the NMDAr, while lipophilicity was increased. Biodistribution studies showed higher uptake of [11C]7b in forebrain regions compared with cerebellum. Pre-treatment with MK-801 decreased the overall brain uptake significantly, but not in a region-specific manner. 45min after injection 78, 90 and 87% of activity in the brain was due to parent compound for [11C]1, [18F]2 and [11C]7b, respectively. In plasma, 26-31% of activity was due to parent compound. CONCLUSION Complete substitution of the alpha-carbon increased lipophilicity to more favorable values. Substitution of one or more hydrogens of the alpha-carbon atom in the methoxy moiety improved metabolic stability. In plasma, more parent compound was found for [18F]2 and [11C]7b then for [11C]1, although differences were not significant. At 45min, significantly more parent [18F]2 and [11C]7b was measured in the brain compared with [11C]1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J Klein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A M Christiaans
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Kooijman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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10
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Berlinck RGS, Bertonha AF, Takaki M, Rodriguez JPG. The chemistry and biology of guanidine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1264-1301. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry and biology of natural guanidines isolated from microbial culture media, from marine invertebrates, as well as from terrestrial plants and animals, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane F. Bertonha
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Mirelle Takaki
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
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11
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Klein PJ, Chomet M, Metaxas A, Christiaans JAM, Kooijman E, Schuit RC, Lammertsma AA, van Berckel BNM, Windhorst AD. Synthesis, radiolabeling and evaluation of novel amine guanidine derivatives as potential positron emission tomography tracers for the ion channel of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:143-60. [PMID: 27128179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is involved in many neurological and psychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand to assess the bio-availability of the NMDAR ion channel in vivo. A series of tri-N-substituted diarylguanidines was synthesized and their in vitro binding affinities for the NMDAR ion channel assessed in rat forebrain membrane fractions. Compounds 21, 23 and 26 were radiolabeled with either carbon-11 or fluorine-18 and ex vivo biodistribution and metabolite studies were performed in Wistar rats. Biodistribution studies showed high uptake especially in prefrontal cortex and lowest uptake in cerebellum. Pre-treatment with MK-801, however, did not decrease uptake of the radiolabeled ligands. In addition, all three ligands showed fast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J Klein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marion Chomet
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A M Christiaans
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Kooijman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Naumiec GR, Jenko KJ, Zoghbi SS, Innis RB, Cai L, Pike VW. N'-3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl Derivatives of N-Aryl-N'-methylguanidines as Prospective PET Radioligands for the Open Channel of the N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor: Synthesis and Structure-Affinity Relationships. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9722-30. [PMID: 26588360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor dysfunction has been linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. A radioligand that could be used with PET to image and quantify human brain NMDA receptors in the activated "open channel" state would be useful for research on such disorders and for the development of novel therapies. To date, no radioligands have shown well-validated efficacy for imaging NMDA receptors in human subjects. In order to discover improved radioligands for PET imaging, we explored structure-affinity relationships in N'-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl derivatives of N-aryl-N'-methylguanidines, seeking high affinity and moderate lipophilicity, plus necessary amenability for labeling with a positron-emitter, either carbon-11 or fluorine-18. Among a diverse set of 80 prepared N'-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl derivatives, four of these compounds (13, 19, 20, and 36) displayed desirable low nanomolar affinity for inhibition of [(3)H](+)-MK801 at the PCP binding site and are of interest for candidate PET radioligand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Naumiec
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Kimberley J Jenko
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
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